Meat quality in three pork commercial lines of different slaughter weights

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as características de qualidade da carne de suínos de diferentes linhagens genéticas, em diferentes pesos de abate. Neste estudo foram utilizados 88 suínos por linhagem, fêmeas e machos castrados, com idade e peso médio iniciais de 74 dias e 30kg, respectivamente, pertencentes a três linhagens genéticas distintas, designadas de AgroceresPic, Dalland e Seghers. A etapa experimental foi dividida em quatro fases (Crescimento I, Crescimento II, Terminação I e Terminação II). Ao final de cada etapa, foram abatidos 60 animais (10 por linhagem/sexo), para as análises de qualidade da carne. O pH e a temperatura foram determinados a 1 e 24 horas post mortem. Foram retiradas amostras para as determinações de cor, perda de água por exsudação (PAE), perda de água por cocção (PAC) e força de Cisalhamento. As amostras provenientes das carcaças dos animais da linhagem AgroceresPic e Dalland apresentaram valores médios de PAE superiores aos da linhagem Seghers. Os valores médios de PAC foram diferentes entre as diferentes fases. Na fase Crescimento II, as carnes provenientes das carcaças das fêmeas Dalland foram mais duras, ou seja, com maiores valores de força de cisalhamento, que as carnes dos machos. Entretanto, na linhagem Seghers, as carnes dos machos foram mais duras. Observou-se diferença de L* entre os sexos da linhagem AgroceresPic nas fases Terminação I e II e, na linhagem Dalland, na Terminação II. As linhagens Dalland e Seghers apresentaram carnes com resultados superiores de a*, parâmetro característico da cor vermelha (a*>0). Pode-se concluir, portanto, que as características de qualidade da carne de suínos (pH, perda de água por exsudação, cor e maciez) podem variar entre grupos genéticos, entre sexos e entre diferentes pesos ao abate.The aim of this study was to determine the meat quality characteristics of swine sire lines from different slaughter weights. In this study were used 88 castrated piglets (castrated males and females) per sire line (AgroceresPic, Dalland and Seghers), with initial age of 74 days and live weight of 30kg. The experiment was divided in four phases (Growing I, Growing II, Finishing I and Finishing II). At the end of each experimental phase, 60 animals were slaughtered (10 by lineage/sex) for meat quality determinations. The pH and the temperature were determined 1 and 24 hours post mortem. Meat samples were collected for color, water loss by exudation (WLE), water loss by cooking (WLC) and shear force determinations. Samples of AgroceresPic and Dalland carcasses presented average WLE values superior than those of Seghers. The average values of WLC were different between the phases. In Growth II phase, the meat from Dalland female carcasses were harder, this is, with higher shear force values than the meats from the males. However, for Seghers, the meat from males was harder. Difference in the parameter L* was observed between sex for AgroceresPic animals in Termination I and II phases and, in Dalland animals in Termination II. The Dalland and Seghers animals presented meats with higher a* values, parameter which is characteristic of redness (a*>0). Therefore, it can be concluded that pig meat quality characteristics (pH, loss of water, color and texture) can vary between genetic groups, between sex and between different slaughter weights

Carcass characteristics from three swine stocks in different slaughters ages

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as características da carcaça de suínos de diferentes linhagens genéticas, em diferentes idades ao abate. Foram utilizados 88 suínos por linhagem, fêmeas e machos castrados, com idade e peso médio iniciais de 74 dias e 30kg, respectivamente, pertencentes a três linhagens genéticas distintas, designadas de AgroceresPic, Dalland e Seghers. A etapa experimental foi dividida em quatro fases (Crescimento I, Crescimento II, Terminação I e Terminação II). Ao final de cada etapa, foram abatidos 60 animais (10 por linhagem/sexo), para as caracterizações: Peso (PCQ) e Rendimento de Carcaça Quente (RCQ), Área de Olho de Lombo (AOL) e Espessura de Toucinho (ET). Na análise dos resultados foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com desdobramento dos graus de liberdade em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 x 2, sendo quatro idades ao abate (90, 119, 150 e 186 dias), três linhagens (AgroceresPic, Dalland e Seghers) e dois sexos (fêmea e macho castrado), com 10 repetições por tratamento, sendo utilizado o pacote PROC MIXED do Softwear SAS. Os valores médios de peso vivo apresentaram diferença entre as linhagens e interação entre fase e linhagem (P<0,05). Os valores médios das demais variáveis estudadas apresentaram diferença e a interação (P<0,05) entre fase, linhagem e sexo, sendo que de maneira geral as principais diferenças ocorreram a partir da fase de Terminação I, em que as fêmeas das linhagens AgroceresPic e Dalland apresentaram melhores resultados (P<0,05) de RCQ (80,4 e 80,7%, respectivamente) em comparação com os machos (78,8 e 78,7%, respectivamente) e além disso as fêmeas Dalland apresentaram valores superiores (P<0,01) de AOL e ET (45,7cm² e 11,4mm x 38,3cm² e 18,3mm). Conclui-se que as linhagens genéticas avaliadas apresentaram características de carcaça muito interessantes para o mercado atual e que as fêmeas suínas podem ser utilizadas em programas que visem o abate de animais mais pesados.The aim of this research was to study the carcasses characteristics of swine sire lines from different slaughter weights. In this study were used 88 castrated piglets (castrated males and females) per sire line (AgroceresPic, Dalland and Seghers), with initial age of 74 days and live weight of 30kg. The experiment was divided in four phases (Growing I, Growing II, Finishing I and Finishing II). Sixty animals were slaughtered (10 by stock/sex) at the end of each experimental phase to determine the post mortem measurements: Carcass Weight (CW), Hot Carcass Yield (HCW), Loin Eye Muscle Area (LMA) and Back Fat Thickness (BT). This study was conducted using a completely randomized design, with treatments in complete factorial 4 x 3 x 2, being 4 slaughters ages (90, 119, 150 and 186 days), 3 sire lines (AgroceresPic, Dalland and Seghers) and 2 sexes (female and male castrated) with 10 repetitions by treatment. The PROC MIXED from the Software SAS was applied for statistical analysis. The mean values for Live Weight present difference (P<0.05) sire line and interaction between phase and stock. The mean values for the other studied variables presented significant differences and interaction between phase, sire line and gender, remarking that in general the major differences occurred after the phase Finishing I, where the females of AgroceresPic and Dalland tended to present better results (P<0.05) of HCW (80.4 and 80.7%, respectively) than the castrated males (78.8 and 78.7%, respectively) and the females Dalland were better than the castrated males (P<0.01) on LMA and BT values (45.7cm² and 11,4mm x 38.3cm² and 18.3mm). It can be concluded that the all sire lines studied presented interesting carcass characteristics for the actual market, and that the females can be used in programs aimed at animals with more slaughter weights

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Search for anomalous production of events with three or more leptons in pp collisions at √s = 8TeV

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published articles title, journal citation, and DOI.A search for physics beyond the standard model in events with at least three leptons is presented. The data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5fb-1 of proton-proton collisions with center-of-mass energy s=8TeV, was collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC during 2012. The data are divided into exclusive categories based on the number of leptons and their flavor, the presence or absence of an opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pair (OSSF), the invariant mass of the OSSF pair, the presence or absence of a tagged bottom-quark jet, the number of identified hadronically decaying τ leptons, and the magnitude of the missing transverse energy and of the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta. The numbers of observed events are found to be consistent with the expected numbers from standard model processes, and limits are placed on new-physics scenarios that yield multilepton final states. In particular, scenarios that predict Higgs boson production in the context of supersymmetric decay chains are examined. We also place a 95% confidence level upper limit of 1.3% on the branching fraction for the decay of a top quark to a charm quark and a Higgs boson (t→cH), which translates to a bound on the left- and right-handed top-charm flavor-violating Higgs Yukawa couplings, λtcH and λctH, respectively, of |λtcH|2+|λctH|2<0.21

The cohesion/adhesion within wheat outer tissues : new studying methodologies

Cette étude a pour objectif principal d'évaluer la cohésion et l'adhésion des tissus périphériques du grain de blé natif. Pour ce faire, de nouvelles méthodologies ont été développées. Dans un premier temps, des grains de blé (variétés : Crousty et Tiger) ont été soumis au rayonnement d'un laser impulsionnel (ArF 193 nm , 15 ns). Une interaction photochimique a été observée induisant une ablation progressive des différents tissus périphériques sans modification des tissus sous-jacents. Le taux d'ablation est inversement corrélé à la cohésion des tissus. Par ailleurs, le couplage de l'analyse du plasma émis par spectroscopie (LIBS) et des techniques d'analyse de données multivariées ont permis de suivre l'ablation progressive des tissus in situ et de quantifier l'efficacité d'ionisation de certains minéraux, elle-même reliée à la cohésion tissulaire. Les résultats du taux d'ablation et de l'efficacité d'ionisation ont été cohérents avec les propriétés mécaniques mesurées sur des tissus isolés manuellement. Cette méthode semble prometteuse pour évaluer, de manière indirecte, la cohésion du péricarpe, du testa et de la couche à aleurone sur grain natif, et ouvre la voie au criblage de cultivars. En revanche les interfaces ne sont pas sollicitées. C'est pourquoi, un système mécanique original basé sur le test de pelage en T' (à force ou vitesse imposées) a été ensuite développé afin d'évaluer les énergies nécessaires à la séparation spécifique de ces systèmes multicouches. L'interface ciblée est située entre la couche à aleurone et le reste des enveloppes périphériques sur des échantillons isolés manuellement. Laforce de pelage mesurée à des vitesses lentes traduit l'adhérence entre les tissus. Sa variabilité au sein d'un grain a été reliée à sa morphologie. L'influence de traitements oxydants a été évaluée la cohésion et l'adhésion tissulaire. La cohésion de la couche à aleurone tend à augmenter ainsi que l'adhérence des tissus. Le traitement a modifié le profil des composés phénoliques, sans détecter la formation d'oligomères d'acide férulique. Toutefois l'implication de phénomènes physiques dans l'adhésion tissulaire ne peut être éliminée. Le test de pelage est un outil de choix pour établir des bases physico-chimiques à l'interface des tissus du grain de bléThe aim of this study was to determine the cohesion and adhesion of wheat outer tissues on thenative grain. New methodologies were then developed. First, wheat grains (cultivars : Croustyand Tiger) underwent a pulsed laser (ArF 193 nm , 15 ns). A photochemical interaction wasobserved inducing the gradual ablation of outer tissues without modification of neighbouringlayers. The ablation rate was inversely related the tissue cohesion. Moreover, LIBS used inconjunction with multivariate analysis was an interesting technique to follow tissue gradualablation and to estimate tissue cohesion by the ionization effectiveness. The results of theablation rate and ionization effectiveness were coherent with the mechanical properties measuredusing hand-isolated tissues. This methodology could be appropriate to estimate, even thoughindirectly, the cohesion of the pericarp, the seed coat, and the aleurone layer, directly on thenative grain, and to carry out the screening of cultivars. On the other hand, interface propertieswere not determined. In this manner, a classical T' peel test was developed and adapted in orderto evaluate the adherence of this multilayered system. The studied interface was between thealeurone layer and the other external tissues on hand-isolated samples. Peel force at minimal peelrates could be related to tissue adherence. The variability of this force was related to grainmorphology. The effect of oxidative treatments in the tissue cohesion and adherence wasinvestigated. Using an oxidative treatment, either the cohesion or the adherence of wheat tissuestend to increase. This treatments modified the phenolic profile, without being able to specificallydetect any formation in the ferulic acid oligomerization. However, physical changes at theinterface properties could be neglected. The peel test could be an appropriate methodology tounderstand better the physico-chemical bases at the interface of wheat outer tissue

The cohesion/adhesion within wheat outer tissues (new studying methodologies)

Cette étude a pour objectif principal d'évaluer la cohésion et l'adhésion des tissus périphériques du grain de blé natif. Pour ce faire, de nouvelles méthodologies ont été développées. Dans un premier temps, des grains de blé (variétés : Crousty et Tiger) ont été soumis au rayonnement d'un laser impulsionnel (ArF 193 nm , 15 ns). Une interaction photochimique a été observée induisant une ablation progressive des différents tissus périphériques sans modification des tissus sous-jacents. Le taux d'ablation est inversement corrélé à la cohésion des tissus. Par ailleurs, le couplage de l'analyse du plasma émis par spectroscopie (LIBS) et des techniques d'analyse de données multivariées ont permis de suivre l'ablation progressive des tissus in situ et de quantifier l'efficacité d'ionisation de certains minéraux, elle-même reliée à la cohésion tissulaire. Les résultats du taux d'ablation et de l'efficacité d'ionisation ont été cohérents avec les propriétés mécaniques mesurées sur des tissus isolés manuellement. Cette méthode semble prometteuse pour évaluer, de manière indirecte, la cohésion du péricarpe, du testa et de la couche à aleurone sur grain natif, et ouvre la voie au criblage de cultivars. En revanche les interfaces ne sont pas sollicitées. C'est pourquoi, un système mécanique original basé sur le test de pelage en T' (à force ou vitesse imposées) a été ensuite développé afin d'évaluer les énergies nécessaires à la séparation spécifique de ces systèmes multicouches. L'interface ciblée est située entre la couche à aleurone et le reste des enveloppes périphériques sur des échantillons isolés manuellement. Laforce de pelage mesurée à des vitesses lentes traduit l'adhérence entre les tissus. Sa variabilité au sein d'un grain a été reliée à sa morphologie. L'influence de traitements oxydants a été évaluée la cohésion et l'adhésion tissulaire. La cohésion de la couche à aleurone tend à augmenter ainsi que l'adhérence des tissus. Le traitement a modifié le profil des composés phénoliques, sans détecter la formation d'oligomères d'acide férulique. Toutefois l'implication de phénomènes physiques dans l'adhésion tissulaire ne peut être éliminée. Le test de pelage est un outil de choix pour établir des bases physico-chimiques à l'interface des tissus du grain de bléThe aim of this study was to determine the cohesion and adhesion of wheat outer tissues on thenative grain. New methodologies were then developed. First, wheat grains (cultivars : Croustyand Tiger) underwent a pulsed laser (ArF 193 nm , 15 ns). A photochemical interaction wasobserved inducing the gradual ablation of outer tissues without modification of neighbouringlayers. The ablation rate was inversely related the tissue cohesion. Moreover, LIBS used inconjunction with multivariate analysis was an interesting technique to follow tissue gradualablation and to estimate tissue cohesion by the ionization effectiveness. The results of theablation rate and ionization effectiveness were coherent with the mechanical properties measuredusing hand-isolated tissues. This methodology could be appropriate to estimate, even thoughindirectly, the cohesion of the pericarp, the seed coat, and the aleurone layer, directly on thenative grain, and to carry out the screening of cultivars. On the other hand, interface propertieswere not determined. In this manner, a classical T' peel test was developed and adapted in orderto evaluate the adherence of this multilayered system. The studied interface was between thealeurone layer and the other external tissues on hand-isolated samples. Peel force at minimal peelrates could be related to tissue adherence. The variability of this force was related to grainmorphology. The effect of oxidative treatments in the tissue cohesion and adherence wasinvestigated. Using an oxidative treatment, either the cohesion or the adherence of wheat tissuestend to increase. This treatments modified the phenolic profile, without being able to specificallydetect any formation in the ferulic acid oligomerization. However, physical changes at theinterface properties could be neglected. The peel test could be an appropriate methodology tounderstand better the physico-chemical bases at the interface of wheat outer tissuesMONTPELLIER-SupAgro La Gaillarde (341722306) / SudocSudocFranceF