Neural network modeling-based anti-disturbance tracking control for hypersonic flight vehicle models

This paper discusses the novel anti-disturbance control algorithm for hypersonic flight vehicle (HFV) models by using neural network (NN) identifier. Different from those existed anti-disturbance results, the unknown exogenous disturbances in HFV models are assumed to be described by the designed NNs with adjustable parameters. Furthermore, the disturbance-observer-based-control (DOBC) algorithm with adaptive regulation laws is thus presented to estimate the nonlinear disturbances. By integrating the estimated value of disturbances with the PI feedback control input, a composite controller based on convex optimization theory is generated to ensure the satisfactory stability and dynamical tacking convergence of HFV models. Finally, a numerical example for HFV models is included to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results

Differential conductance as a promising approach for rapid DNA sequencing with nanopore-embedded electrodes

We propose an approach for nanopore-based DNA sequencing using characteristic transverse differential conductance. Molecular dynamics and electron transport simulations show that thetransverse differential conductance during the translocation of DNA through the nanopore isdistinguishable enough for the detection of the base sequence and can withstand electrical noisecaused by DNA structure fluctuation. Our findings demonstrate several advantages of the transverseconductance approach, which may lead to important applications in rapid genome sequencing

Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis

The American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored the development of this guideline for the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, which is also endorsed by the European Respiratory Society and the US National Tuberculosis Controllers Association. Representatives from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Canadian Thoracic Society, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and the World Health Organization also participated in the development of the guideline. This guideline provides recommendations on the clinical and public health management of tuberculosis in children and adults in settings in which mycobacterial cultures, molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, and radiographic studies, among other diagnostic tools, are available on a routine basis. For all recommendations, literature reviews were performed, followed by discussion by an expert committee according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. Given the public health implications of prompt diagnosis and effective management of tuberculosis, empiric multidrug treatment is initiated in almost all situations in which active tuberculosis is suspected. Additional characteristics such as presence of comorbidities, severity of disease, and response to treatment influence management decisions. Specific recommendations on the use of case management strategies (including directly observed therapy), regimen and dosing selection in adults and children (daily vs intermittent), treatment of tuberculosis in the presence of HIV infection (duration of tuberculosis treatment and timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy), as well as treatment of extrapulmonary disease (central nervous system, pericardial among other sites) are provided. The development of more potent and better-tolerated drug regimens, optimization of drug exposure for the component drugs, optimal management of tuberculosis in special populations, identification of accurate biomarkers of treatment effect, and the assessment of new strategies for implementing regimens in the field remain key priority areas for research. See the full-text online version of the document for detailed discussion of the management of tuberculosis and recommendations for practice