Mixed oligopoly, productive efficiency, and spillover

The purpose of this paper is to examine the public sector's cost-reducing investment when there exists the effect of R&D spillover. We show that the investment in the mixed oligopoly is not higher than that in the public monopoly. When the cost-reducing effect of investment for each firm is the same, the investment in the mixed oligopoly is equal to that in the public monopoly. In such a case, the emergence of private firms has a positive impact on social welfare. Our model is an extended version of Nishimori and Ogawa (2002), which study the R&D investment by the public sector.state-owned public firm

Characterizing the Nash social welfare relation for infinite utility streams: a note

This note provides an axiomatic analysis of a social welfare ordering over infinite utility streams. We offer two characterizations of an infinite-horizon version of the Nash criterion.Infinite generations, intergenerational equity, the Nash criterion

Privatization and the Environment

We investigate the privatization policy of an industry where the production process generates emissions. We show that the high degree of negative externality leads to production substitution from the public firm to private firms. Moreover, we show that, if the degree of negative externality is sufficiently high, then a mixed oligopoly is preferable to a pure oligopoly for social welfare, even if the number of firms in the market is large. Furthermore, we consider free entry of private firms.production substitution

Neoliberal Imperialism and Pan-African Resistance

Neoliberalism has in the past three decades had a tremendous impact on both thought and practice throughout most of the world, and has dominated international development since the early 1980s. Although neoliberalism presents itself as modern and progressive, it is argued that the underlying ideologies and power agendas have their origins in the political debates of the eighteenth century and earlier. Through an analysis of neoliberalism from a world-historical and global perspective, indications are seen that the international development agenda has more to do with political and economic interests than with benevolent pro-poor development. This leads to the debate about redistribution of resources and State-led Development versus Free-market Development, which is inextricable from the discussion of Liberal Democratic Peace Theory versus Realism. From this perspective it is argued that the notion of democratic peace is used as a popular seductive rhetoric, to legitimize western military interventions and the imposition of economic policies in the name of democracy, human rights and free market economy. In this context, it is argued that neoliberalism cannot be analysed without also considering inherent links to imperialism and neo-colonialism, which is being resisted by pan-African movements

Education as Re-Embedding: Stroud Communiversity, Walking the Land and the Enduring Spell of the Sensuous

How we know, is at least as important as what we know: Before educationalists can begin to teach sustainability, we need to explore our own views of the world and how these are formed. The paper explores the ontological assumptions that underpin, usually implicitly, the pedagogical relationship and opens up the question of how people know each other and the world they share. Using understandings based in a phenomenological approach and guided by social constructionism, it suggests that the most appropriate pedagogical method for teaching sustainability is one based on situated learning and reflexive practice. To support its ontological questioning, the paper highlights two alternative culture’s ways of understanding and recording the world: Those of the Inca who inhabited pre-Columbian Peru, which was based on the quipu system of knotted strings, and the complex social and religious system of the songlines of the original people of Australia. As an indication of the sorts of teaching experiences that an emancipatory and relational pedagogy might give rise to, the paper offers examples of two community learning experiences in the exemplar sustainable community of Stroud, Gloucestershire in the United Kingdom where the authors live

Case study the shrimp export industry in Bangladesh

"By the end of the 1970s, the Bangladesh seafood processing industry had expanded rapidly. But sanitary facilities, technology adaptation, and adequate training did not keep pace. Shrimp exports suffered in the late 1970s, and the U. S. Food and Drug Administration placed seafood imports from Bangladesh under automatic detention. This was only the beginning of the export market problems arising from substandard product safety and quality that Bangladesh's shrimp industry faced over the next two decades. This case study illustrates the actions taken by Bangladesh, with the aid of external partners, to overcome substantial obstacles to participation in world shrimp markets." from TextFood safety ,food security ,trade ,health ,Export marketing ,

THE EFFECT OF RESOURCE INVESTMENT PROGRAMS ON AGRICULTURAL LABOR EMPLOYMENT AND FARM NUMBERS

Agricultural Finance,

Happiness: The Missing Link of Marketing in a Technological Society

John Naisbitt\u27s (6) High-Touch High-Tech concept and Frederick Herzberg\u27s Motivation-Hygiene theory were analyzed and extended into a marketing strategy that\u27s applicable for parks and recreation professionals. The marketing strategy referred to as a Happiness Marketing Model offers a counterbalance between high-tech and high-touch by providing a conceptual base to emphasize the intrinsic benefits inherent in participating in recreation and leisure activities. These intrinsic benefits are referred to as High-Triumphs , and are believed to add personal happiness in a technological society. The High-Triumphs , in addition to Naisbitt\u27s high touch concept and Herzberg\u27s Motivation-Hygiene theory, have been combined into an algebraic formula as a means of identifying the components that contribute to happiness in a technological society. The formula indicates that Overall Happiness = High-Touch + High-Triumphs + Hygiene factors + motivators