Efeitos da uréia aplicada no solo e na folha, na produção e qualidade do trigo em grão (Triticum aestivum L.)

The objective of the present work was to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), under field conditions. The experiments were carried out in 1971 at the Vila Velha Experimental Station of the Agricultural Office of the State of Paraná, situated in the urban district of Ponta Grossa-PR. Treatments with 60 and 90 Kg N/ha and without nitrogen were compared, in the presence of 120 Kg P2O5/ha, in the form of superphosphate and 60 Kg K2Ο/ha in the form of potassium chloride. The nitrogen fertilizer used was urea, with 45% of nitrogen, applied in solid form in the planting furrow and as a top dressing, and in both the solid form and as a 2% solution sprayed onto the leaves at the tillering and booting stages. The results obtained showed that an increase in grain production occurred when nitrogen was applied, although there was no significant difference between time of application, split application, form and quantity of nitrogen. Production of protein, as measured by total nitrogen, was significantly higher for doses of 90 kgN/ha. As far as the use of fertilizer in the solid form is concerned best results were obtained with split application or with applications at later stages. This was not true, however, when application was made by sprayng the leaves. The forms of application were equivalent. Nitrogen application decreases the level of lysine and increases the gluten content content of the grain, when compared with the control.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência da adubação nitrogenada na cultura do trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) em condições de campo. O ensaio foi realizado no ano de 1971 na Estação Experimental de "Vila Velha, da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado do Paraná localizada no município de Ponta Grossa-PR. Foram utilizados três níveis de nitrogênio, 0, 60 e 90 kg N/ha, sobre uma adubação fundamental de 120 kg P2O5/ha na forma de superfosfato simples com 21% de P2O5 e 60 kg K2O/ha como cloreto de potássio com 60% de K2O. O adubo nitrogenado foi a uréia com 45% de N, aplicada em forma sólida no sulco de plantio e em cobertura, na forma sólida e como solução aquosa a 2% em pulverização foliar, no perfilhamento e emborrachamento. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar um aumento na produção de grãos em função da adubação nitrogenada sendo que não se verificaram diferenças significativas para parcelamento ou época de aplicação, formas e doses de nitrogênio. Considerando a produção de proteína, com base no N total, foram significativas as diferenças em favor das doses de 90 kgN/ha. Para as aplicações do adubo na forma sólida obtiveram-se melhores resultados quando do parcelamento ou aplicações mais tardias. Estas variações não se verificaram para as coberturas em pulverização foliar. As formas de aplicações foram equivalentes. A aplicação de nitrogênio parece ter diminuído o teor de lisina e, também, aumentado o teor de gluten do grão do trigo, quando comparados com a testemunha

Efeito de níveis de nitrogênio e fósforo no desenvolvimento de mudas de guaranazeiro (Paullinia cupana (Mart.) Ducke), em condições de viveiro

The present work was done with the objective of verifying the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels on the development of five progenies of guaranazeiro (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke) under nursery conditions. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area of EMBRAPA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária -Porto Velho, RO. Brazil). The experimental design consisted of a completely randomized design with three replications and nine treatments. The results obtained allowed for the following conclusions: a) N1P2 treatment showed better results among those studied; b) Progenies 16 and 13 showed greater potential for development when compared with the others; progeny 29 was second best.Com objetivo de se estudar o efeito de níveis de nitrogênio e fósforo, no desenvolvimento de mudas de cinco progênies de guaranazeiros (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke) em condições de viveiro, foi conduzido um ensaio, na área experimental da EMBRAPA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária) localizada em Porto Velho, Rondônia. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, constituído de 135 plantas úteis, com nove tratamentos e três repetições. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que: a) o tratamento N1P2 correspondente a 2,92 gramas de uréia e 5,20 gramas de superfosfato triplo, aplicados por planta, foi o melhor para todos os parâmetros avaliados; b) as progênies 16 e 13 apresentaram um maior potencial de desenvolvimento, em relação as demais progênies testadas, vindo a seguir a progênie 29

Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do cafeeiro: XXXI - influência do cobre do substrato no crescimento e composição mineral do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) var. Mundo Novo e Catuaí

This work was designed to study the effect of copper in the medium on growth and mineral composition of the coffee plant, bearing in mind the possibility of accumulation of toxic residues in the soil as a consequence of the treatments against rust. - Young plants of the varieties Mundo Novo and Catuaí were grown in nutrient solution in the presence of Cu concentrations from 0.02 to 200 ppm. Toxic effects were found to be darkening and cessation of root growth; wilt, necrosis and leaf drop; abnormalities in the epidermis, parenchyma and chloroplasts. The threshold level for copper toxicity in around 30 ppm in the leaves. Mundo Novo seems to be more sensitive to copper toxicity. - Under soil conditions it was found that the joint use of lime and stable manure eliminates the toxicity of an application of 200 ppm of copper.A sensibilidade das variedades Catuaí e Mundo Novo ao nível de cobre no substrato foi estudada em condições controladas. Em solução nutritiva verificou-se que a primeira variedade parece ser mais resistente à toxidez. Ensaios com três tipos de solos mostraram que a elevação do pH a 6,5 e a adição conjunta de matéria orgânica neutralizam a toxidez correspondente a 200 ppm do elemento no meio

Limited risk of Zika virus transmission by five Aedes albopictus populations from Spain

Background: Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito, is an exotic invasive species in Europe. It has substantial public health relevance due to its potential role in transmitting several human pathogens. Out of the European countries, Spain has one of the highest risk levels of autochthonous arbovirus transmission due to both the high density of Ae. albopictus and the extensive tourist influx from vector-endemic areas. This study aims to investigate the susceptibility of five Ae. albopictus populations from mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands to a Brazilian Zika virus (ZIKV) strain. Methods: The F1 generation of each Ae. albopictus population was orally challenged with a ZIKV-infected blood meal (1.8 × 10 PFU/ml). At 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi), mosquito bodies (thorax and abdomen) and heads were individually analysed through RT-qPCR to determine the infection rate (IR) and dissemination rate (DR), respectively. The saliva of infected mosquitoes was inoculated in Vero cells and the transmission rate was assessed by plaque assay or RT-qPCR on ∼33 individuals per population. Results: The IR and DR ranged between 12-88%, and 0-60%, respectively, suggesting that ZIKV is capable of crossing the midgut barrier. Remarkably, no infectious viral particle was found in saliva samples, indicating a low ability of ZIKV to overcome the salivary gland barrier. A subsequent assay revealed that a second non-infective blood meal 48 h after ZIKV exposure did not influence Ae. albopictus vector competence. Conclusions: The oral experimental ZIKV infections performed here indicate that Ae. albopictus from Spain become infected and disseminate the virus through the body but has a limited ability to transmit the Brazilian ZIKV strain through biting. Therefore, the results suggest a limited risk of autochthonous ZIKV transmission in Spain by Ae. albopictus

Biotinidase deficiency: Genotype-biochemical phenotype association in Brazilian patients

[EN] The association between the BTD genotype and biochemical phenotype [profound biotinidase deficiency (BD), partial BD or heterozygous activity] is not always consistent. This study aimed to investigate the genotype-biochemical phenotype association in patients with low biotinidase activity. Methods All exons, the 5'UTR and the promoter of the BTD gene were sequenced in 72 Brazilian individuals who exhibited low biotinidase activity. For each patient, the expected biochemical phenotype based on the known genotype was compared with the observed biochemical phenotype. Additional non-genetic factors that could affect the biotinidase activity were also analysed. Most individuals were identified by neonatal screening (n = 66/72). When consecutive results for the same patient were compared, age, prematurity and neonatal jaundice appeared to affect the level of biotinidase activity. The biochemical phenotype at the time of the second blood collection changed in 11/22 patients compared to results from the first sample. Three novel variants were found: c.1337T>C (p.L446P), c.1466A>G (p.N489S) and c.962G>A (p.W321*). Some patients with the same genotype presented different biochemical phenotypes. The expected and observed biochemical phenotypes agreed in 68.5% of cases (concordant patients). The non-coding variants c.-183G>A, c.-315A>G and c.-514C>T were present in heterozygosis in 5/17 discordant patients. In addition, c.- 183G>A and c.-514C>T were also present in 10/37 concordant patients. The variants found in the promoter region do not appear to have a strong impact on biotinidase activity. Since there is a disparity between the BTD genotype and biochemical phenotype, and biotinidase activity may be affected by both genetic and non-genetic factors, we suggest that the diagnosis of BD should be based on more than one measurement of plasma biotinidase activity. DNA analysis can be of additional relevance to differentiate between partial BD and heterozygosity.SIThis study received financial support from Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa e Eventos/Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (FIPE-HCPA) for research materials and publication fee. Post Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul) funded the translation. ECN has a commercial affiliation (CTN Diagnósticos) which did not have any role or financial contribution to this research. TB have fellowship from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). FS had fellowship from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS). IVDS, MRSC and PASF have fellowships from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). HB receives a research grant of Orphan Europe. The funders did no provide support in the form of salaries for any author, and did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section

Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b, leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W' boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

A search for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons is described. The analysis is performed using a dataset recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 inverse femtobarns. Limits are set on the cross section of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to two photons. The expected exclusion limit at 95% confidence level is between 1.4 and 2.4 times the standard model cross section in the mass range between 110 and 150 GeV. The analysis of the data excludes, at 95% confidence level, the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in the mass range 128 to 132 GeV. The largest excess of events above the expected standard model background is observed for a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 124 GeV with a local significance of 3.1 sigma. The global significance of observing an excess with a local significance greater than 3.1 sigma anywhere in the search range 110-150 GeV is estimated to be 1.8 sigma. More data are required to ascertain the origin of this excess.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Measurement of the Lambda(b) cross section and the anti-Lambda(b) to Lambda(b) ratio with Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda decays in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The Lambda(b) differential production cross section and the cross section ratio anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) are measured as functions of transverse momentum pt(Lambda(b)) and rapidity abs(y(Lambda(b))) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are based on Lambda(b) decays reconstructed in the exclusive final state J/Psi Lambda, with the subsequent decays J/Psi to an opposite-sign muon pair and Lambda to proton pion, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.9 inverse femtobarns. The product of the cross section times the branching ratio for Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda versus pt(Lambda(b)) falls faster than that of b mesons. The measured value of the cross section times the branching ratio for pt(Lambda(b)) > 10 GeV and abs(y(Lambda(b))) < 2.0 is 1.06 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.12 nb, and the integrated cross section ratio for anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) is 1.02 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.09, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Search for new physics in events with opposite-sign leptons, jets, and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model (BSM) in final states with a pair of opposite-sign isolated leptons accompanied by jets and missing transverse energy. The search uses LHC data recorded at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 5 inverse femtobarns. Two complementary search strategies are employed. The first probes models with a specific dilepton production mechanism that leads to a characteristic kinematic edge in the dilepton mass distribution. The second strategy probes models of dilepton production with heavy, colored objects that decay to final states including invisible particles, leading to very large hadronic activity and missing transverse energy. No evidence for an event yield in excess of the standard model expectations is found. Upper limits on the BSM contributions to the signal regions are deduced from the results, which are used to exclude a region of the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Additional information related to detector efficiencies and response is provided to allow testing specific models of BSM physics not considered in this paper.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO