64 research outputs found
On building physics-based AI models for the design and SHM of mooring systems
Expert systems in industrial processes are modelled using physics-based approaches, data-driven models or hybrid approaches in which however the underlying physical models generally constitute a separate block with respect to the Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique(s). This work applies the novel concept of âimbricationâ-a physics-based AI approach-to the mooring system of offshore renewable energy devices to achieve a complete integration of both perspectives. This approach can reduce the size of the training dataset and computational time while delivering algorithms with higher generalization capability and explicability. We first undertake the design of the mooring system by developing a surrogate model coupled with a Bayesian optimiser. Then, we analyse the structural health monitoring of the mooring system by designing a supervised Deep Neural Network architecture. Herein, we describe the characteristics of the imbrication process, analyse preliminary results of our investigation and provide considerations for orienting further research work and sector applicability
Boundary condition model for the simulation of organic solar cells
(c) 2017. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1566119917302434Organic solar cells (OSCs) are promising photovoltaic devices to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Their many advantages such as lightweight, flexibility and low manufacturing costs are intrinsic to the organic/polymeric technology. However, because the performance of OSCs is still not competitive with inorganic solar cells, there is urgent need to improve the device performance using better designs, technologies and models. In this work, we focus on the developing an accurate physics-based model that relates the charge carrier density at the metal-organic boundaries with the current density in OSCs using our previous studies on single-carrier and bipolar diodes. The model for the boundary condition of the charge carrier density at the interfaces of OSCs follows a power-law function with the current density, both in dark and under illumination, and simulated current-voltage characteristics are verified with experimental results. The numerical simulations of the current-voltage characteristics of OSCs consider well-established models for the main physical and optical processes that take place in the device: light absorption and generation of excitons, dissociation of excitons into free charge carriers, charge transport, recombination and injection-extraction of free carriers. Our analysis provides important insights on the influence of the metal-organic interfaces on the overall performance of OSCs. The model is also used to explain the anomalous S-shape current-voltage curves found in some experimental data.This work was supported by Ministerio de EducaciĂłn y Ciencia under research Grant FPU12/02712 and MINECO/FEDER under research Project MAT2016-76892-C3-3-R, and the
Canada Research Chair program, NSERC ResEau strategic network and the NCE IC-IMPACTS
Characterization of Aerosol Deposited Cesium Lead Tribromide Perovskite Films on Interdigited ITO Electrodes
Aerosol deposition (AD) is a promising additive manufacturing method to fabricate low-cost, scalable ïŹlms at room temperature, but has not been considered for semiconductor processing, so far. The successful preparation of cesium lead tribromide (CsPbBr) perovskite ïŹlms on interdigitated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes by means of AD is reported here. The â ”m thick layers are dense and have good adhesion to the substrate. The orthorhombic Pnma crystal structure of the precursor powder was retained during the deposition process with no signs of defect formation. The formation of electronic defects by photoluminescence spectroscopy is investigated and found slightly increased carrier recombination from defect sites for AD ïŹlms compared to the powder. A nonuniform defect distribution across the layer, presumably induced by the impact of the semiconducting grains on the hard substrate surface, is revealed. The opto-electronic properties of AD processed semiconducting ïŹlms is further tested by electrical measurements and conïŹrmed good semiconducting properties and high responsivity for the ïŹlms. These results demonstrate that AD processing of metal halide perovskites is possible for opto-electronic device manufacturing on D surfaces. It is believed that this work paves the way for the fabrication of previously unimaginable opto-electronic devices by additive manufacturing
EvaluaciĂłn del ISTH-BAT en los trastornos plaquetarios congĂ©nitos: correlaciĂłn clĂnica, laboratorio y molecular
CO-153
IntroducciĂłn: Los trastornos plaquetarios congĂ©nitos (TPC) son un grupo heterogĂ©neo de enfermedades raras, que se clasifican en trombocitopenias hereditarias (THs) y en trombocitopatĂas hereditarias (TFPs). Su identificaciĂłn inicial y su diagnĂłstico final son complejos. Ăste, se basa en la la historia clĂnica, la exploraciĂłn fĂsica, pruebas de laboratorio fenotĂpicas y la confirmaciĂłn de la alteraciĂłn molecular subyacente. Por otra parte, la valoraciĂłn de la clĂnica hemorrĂĄgica suele ser subjetiva, por lo que la Sociedad Internacional de Trombosis y Hemostasia (ISTH) recomienda la utilizaciĂłn de escalas de sangrado (bleeding assessment tools, BAT). Los objetivos de nuestros estudios fueron a) evaluar la clĂnica hemorrĂĄgica con el ISTH-BAT en pacientes diagnosticados de TPC, b) su comparaciĂłn entre THs y TFPs y c) su relaciĂłn con las pruebas funcionales y moleculares.
MĂ©todos: Estudio retrospectivo de 138 pacientes con TPC incluidos en el proyecto nacional âCaracterizaciĂłn funcional y molecular de los TPCâ de la SETH. La clĂnica hemorrĂĄgica se evaluĂł mediante el ISTHBAT, obteniendo un score de sangrado (BS). El diagnĂłstico fenotĂpico se realizĂł mediante hemograma y frotis de sangre perifĂ©rica, la funciĂłn plaquetaria mediante agregometrĂa de transmisiĂłn de luz (LTA) y citometrĂa de flujo (CMF) y el diagnĂłstico molecular mediante secuenciaciĂłn ..
Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: a comparative risk assessment
Background High blood pressure, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and BMI are risk factors for cardiovascular
diseases and some of these factors also increase the risk of chronic kidney disease and diabetes. We estimated mortality from cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes that was attributable to these four
cardiometabolic risk factors for all countries and regions from 1980 to 2010.
Methods We used data for exposure to risk factors by country, age group, and sex from pooled analyses of populationbased health surveys. We obtained relative risks for the eff ects of risk factors on cause-specifi c mortality from metaanalyses
of large prospective studies. We calculated the population attributable fractions for- each risk factor alone,
and for the combination of all risk factors, accounting for multicausality and for mediation of the eff ects of BMI by the other three risks. We calculated attributable deaths by multiplying the cause-specifi c population attributable fractions by the number of disease-specifi c deaths. We obtained cause-specifi c mortality from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 Study. We propagated the uncertainties of all the inputs to the fi nal estimates.
Findings In 2010, high blood pressure was the leading risk factor for deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes in every region, causing more than 40% of worldwide deaths from these diseases; high BMI and glucose were each responsible for about 15% of deaths, and high cholesterol for more than 10%. After
accounting for multicausality, 63% (10\ub78 million deaths, 95% CI 10\ub71\u201311\ub75) of deaths from these diseases in 2010 were attributable to the combined eff ect of these four metabolic risk factors, compared with 67% (7\ub71 million deaths,
6\ub76\u20137\ub76) in 1980. The mortality burden of high BMI and glucose nearly doubled from 1980 to 2010. At the country
level, age-standardised death rates from these diseases attributable to the combined eff ects of these four risk factors
surpassed 925 deaths per 100 000 for men in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia, but were less than 130 deaths per 100 000 for women and less than 200 for men in some high-income countries including Australia, Canada, France,
Japan, the Netherlands, Singapore, South Korea, and Spain.
Interpretation The salient features of the cardiometabolic disease and risk factor epidemic at the beginning of
the 21st century are high blood pressure and an increasing eff ect of obesity and diabetes. The mortality burden
of cardiometabolic risk factors has shifted from high-income to low-income and middle-income countries. Lowering
cardiometabolic risks through dietary, behavioural, and pharmacological interventions should be a part of the globalresponse to non-communicable diseases
Systematic evaluation of immune regulation and modulation
Cancer immunotherapies are showing promising clinical results in a variety of malignancies. Monitoring the immune as well as the tumor response following these therapies has led to significant advancements in the field. Moreover, the identification and assessment of both predictive and prognostic biomarkers has become a key component to advancing these therapies. Thus, it is critical to develop systematic approaches to monitor the immune response and to interpret the data obtained from these assays. In order to address these issues and make recommendations to the field, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer reconvened the Immune Biomarkers Task Force. As a part of this Task Force, Working Group 3 (WG3) consisting of multidisciplinary experts from industry, academia, and government focused on the systematic assessment of immune regulation and modulation. In this review, the tumor microenvironment, microbiome, bone marrow, and adoptively transferred T cells will be used as examples to discuss the type and timing of sample collection. In addition, potential types of measurements, assays, and analyses will be discussed for each sample. Specifically, these recommendations will focus on the unique collection and assay requirements for the analysis of various samples as well as the high-throughput assays to evaluate potential biomarkers
Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]
Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: A comparative risk assessment
Background: High blood pressure, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and BMI are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and some of these factors also increase the risk of chronic kidney disease and diabetes. We estimated mortality from cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes that was attributable to these four cardiometabolic risk factors for all countries and regions from 1980 to 2010. Methods: We used data for exposure to risk factors by country, age group, and sex from pooled analyses of population-based health surveys. We obtained relative risks for the effects of risk factors on cause-specific mortality from meta-analyses of large prospective studies. We calculated the population attributable fractions for each risk factor alone, and for the combination of all risk factors, accounting for multicausality and for mediation of the effects of BMI by the other three risks. We calculated attributable deaths by multiplying the cause-specific population attributable fractions by the number of disease-specific deaths. We obtained cause-specific mortality from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 Study. We propagated the uncertainties of all the inputs to the final estimates. Findings: In 2010, high blood pressure was the leading risk factor for deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes in every region, causing more than 40% of worldwide deaths from these diseases; high BMI and glucose were each responsible for about 15% of deaths, and high cholesterol for more than 10%. After accounting for multicausality, 63% (10·8 million deaths, 95% CI 10·1-11·5) of deaths from these diseases in 2010 were attributable to the combined effect of these four metabolic risk factors, compared with 67% (7·1 million deaths, 6·6-7·6) in 1980. The mortality burden of high BMI and glucose nearly doubled from 1980 to 2010. At the country level, age-standardised death rates from these diseases attributable to the combined effects of these four risk factors surpassed 925 deaths per 100 000 for men in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia, but were less than 130 deaths per 100 000 for women and less than 200 for men in some high-income countries including Australia, Canada, France, Japan, the Netherlands, Singapore, South Korea, and Spain. Interpretation: The salient features of the cardiometabolic disease and risk factor epidemic at the beginning of the 21st century are high blood pressure and an increasing effect of obesity and diabetes. The mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors has shifted from high-income to low-income and middle-income countries. Lowering cardiometabolic risks through dietary, behavioural, and pharmacological interventions should be a part of the global response to non-communicable diseases. Funding: UK Medical Research Council, US National Institutes of Health. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd
Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU
Contains fulltext :
172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access
Measurements of photo-nuclear jet production in Pb plus Pb collisions with ATLAS
Ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions provide a unique opportunity to study the parton distributions in the colliding
nuclei via the measurement of photo-nuclear jet production. An analysis of jet production in ultra-peripheral Pb+Pb
collisions at âsNN = 5.02 TeV performed using data collected with the ATLAS detector in 2015 is described. The data
set corresponds to a total Pb+Pb integrated luminosity of 0.38 nbâ1. The ultra-peripheral collisions are selected using a
combination of forward neutron and rapidity gap requirements. The cross-sections, not unfolded for detector response,
are compared to results from Pythia Monte Carlo simulations re-weighted to match a photon spectrum obtained from
the STARlight model. Qualitative agreement between data and these simulations is observed over a broad kinematic
range suggesting that using these collisions to measure nuclear parton distributions is experimentally realisable
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