Combining steady-state with frequency and time domain data to quantitatively analyze charge transport in organic light-emitting diodes

Typically, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are characterized only in steady-state to determine and optimize their efficiency. Adding further electro-optical measurement techniques in frequency and time domain helps to analyze charge carrier and exciton dynamics and provides deeper insights into the device physics. We, therefore, first present an overview of frequently used OLED measurement techniques and analytical models. A multilayer OLED with a sky-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent dopant material is employed in this study without loss of generality. Combining the measurements with a full device simulation allows one to determine specific material parameters such as the charge carrier mobilities of all the layers. The main part of this tutorial focuses on how to systematically fit the measured OLED characteristics with microscopic device simulations based on a charge drift-diffusion and exciton migration model in 1D. Finally, we analyze the correlation and sensitivity of the determined material parameters and use the obtained device model to understand limitations of the specific OLED device

Una nota sobre el léxico del mozárabe sevillano. El andaluz cambuco 'barranco'

La raíz celta CAMBOS 'curvo' tuvo vitalidad no sólo en la parte septentrional de la Península, en cuyos romances ha dejado descendientes bien conocidos, sino que hubo de extenderse hasta el dialecto mozárabe del occidente andaluz. Prueba de ello son diversos vestigios léxicos conservados tanto en la toponimia de Andalucía Occidental como en sus hablas vivas, donde destaca especialmente cambuco 'barranco', 'terreno quebrado', apelativo de muy limitada difusión documentado por vez primera.The Celtic root *CAMBOS ‘curve’ not only had vitality in the northern part of the Peninsula –leaving some well known trails in folk ballads–but it extended itself into the Mozarabic dialect of Western Andalusian. This can be seen in several lexical traces preserved in place names of Western Andalusia and in its present speech registers, where “cambuco” (ravine, gully, cracked, uneven land) is especially highlighted, a name with a very limited coverage and documented for the first time.La racine celte *CAMBOS “curve” eut de la vitalité non seulement dans la partie septentrionale de la Péninsule, où elle a laissé des descendants bien connus dans les romances, mais elle dut s’étendre jusqu’au dialecte mozarabe de l’occident andalou. Preuve de cela sont les différents vestiges lexicaux conservés aussi bien dans la toponymie de l’Andalousie Occidentale que dans ses parlers vivants, où se détache spécialement cambuco “ravin”, “terrain accidenté”, appelatif de diffusion très limitée documenté pour la première fois

Bartolomé de las Casas y su copia del 'Diario de a Bordo' de Colón. Tipologia de las Apostillas

La transcripción más valiosa que se conserva del Diario del Primer Viaje colombino a América es la realizada por Bartolomé de las Casas. No obstante, la fidedignidad de esta transcripción es un problema muy discutido. Un elemento que puede ayudar a aproximarnos a esta cuestión son las apostillas, anotadas por el dominio, que acompañan en el manuscrito a los pasajes copiados y resumidos. A través de un análisis de los comentarios marginales se llega a una clasificación de éstos según la función (explicativa, moralizadora, de orientación y de crítica textual) que desempeñan dentro del texto y para la posterior reelaboración de la materia en la Historia de las Indias.La transcription la plus précieuse du Journal de Bord du premier voyage en Amérique de Christophe Colomb est celle qui fut réalisée par Bartolomé de Las Casas. Et pourtant, la fidélité de cette transcription est un problème très discuté. Il y a un élément qui peut aider à nous approcher de cette question: c'est les commentaires, notés par le dominicain dans le manuscrit, au bord des passages copiés et résumés. À travers une analyse des commentaires, j'ai établi une classification de ceux-ci selon la fonction (explicative, moralisatrice, d'orientation et de critique du texte) remplie à l'intérieur du texte et pour la réélaboration postérieure de la matière dans VHistoria de las Indias.The most valuable transcription of the Diary of Christopher Columbus' First Voyage to America is the one realised by Bartolomé de Las Casas. And yet, the fidelity of that transcription is a very controversial question. There is one element that may help us to solve this problem: the comments written by Las Casas at the margin of the manuscript. By means of these comments, we have established a classification according to their function (explanation, orientation, polemics, textual critics), as well within the text as for the reelaboration of the same matter in the Historia de las Indias

Aportaciones de la toponimia a la investigación de la historia del léxico hispánico

En la toponimia se conserva, de forma fosilizada, abundante información léxica que puede ser aprovechada para complementar la documentación histórica que ofrece la lengua viva reflejada en los textos. Los aspectos de la historia del léxico que pueden ser investigados gracias al estudio toponímico son diversos: detalles cronológicos de la evolución, la existencia de variantes fonéticas y de derivados, cambios en la difusión geográfica, entre otros; a veces incluso se atestiguan a través de los nombres formas nunca documentadas como apelativos. Para poner de relieve el procedimiento de análisis en que debe basarse este tipo de investigación estudiaremos una serie de casos concretos de formas toponímicas basadas en el castellano, destacando (no sin advertir de las dificultades que encierra el tema) la aportación del material examinado a la lexicología histórica y la etimología de esta lengua. Palabras clave: Lexicología histórica; etimología; lexicografía; léxico castellano.Place names contain, in fossilized form, abundant lexical information that can be used to supplement the historical record of the living language reflected in texts. By studying place names specific aspects of the history of lexicon can be investigated, such as chronological details of the historical development of words, the existence of phonetic variants and derivatives, changes in the geographic distribution, among others. Sometimes proper names even attest lexical items never documented as common nouns. In order to explain the principles on which this research should be based we will study a number of cases of place names based on Castilian, highlighting (not without warning of the difficulties involved in the subject) the contribution of the material examined to the history of Spanish lexicon and to etymology. Keywords: Historical lexicology; etymology; lexicography; Spanish lexicon

AUTOMATED SCHEDULING OF AN INTERNET CONNECTED DEVICE

An automatic scheduling system can be used to adjust behaviour of a user’s Internet connected device based on a schedule of the user. The system identifies the schedule of the user from their client device such as an electronic communication device. The schedule may include information such as user’s calendar appointments, alarms, meetings, reminders, etc. The system determines the user’s physical location based on the identified schedule. The system modifies the behaviour of the user’s Internet connected device based on the user’s physical location

Quantitative analysis of pixel crosstalk in AMOLED displays

The resolution of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays is increasing steadily as these displays are adopted for mobile and virtual reality (VR) devices. This leads to a stronger pixel crosstalk effect, where the neighbors of active pixels unintentionally emit light due to a lateral electric current between the pixels. Recently, the crosstalk was quantified by measuring the current flowing through the common hole transport layer between the neighboring pixels and comparing it to the current through the active pixel diode. The measurements showed that the crosstalk is more crucial for low light levels. In such cases, the intended and parasitic currents are similar. The simulations performed in this study validated these measurement results. By simulations, we quantify the crosstalk current through the diode. The luminous intensity can be calculated with the measured current efficiency of the diodes. For low light levels, the unintended luminance can reach up to 40% of the intended luminance. The luminance due to pixel crosstalk is perceivable by humans. This effect should be considered for OLED displays with resolutions higher than 300 PPI

Automated Capturing And Reporting Of Real World Data From Autonomous/Automated Vehicles

A system and method are disclosed that automatically captures and reports real world data from autonomous/automated vehicles. The system includes sensors such as camera, GPS, microphone, accelerometer etc. that provide real-world tracking features in an automobile. The system may report the data to a reporting station to act on the reported data for a wide variety of applications. Cameras may detect billboards on a given route, which may provide information on ad impressions in the real world to ad buyers. The system might detect a pothole and relay its location, dimensions etc. to local authority who may take action to remove the hazard. The system may report a collision between other vehicles to ensure that emergency responders are notified. The system for automated capturing and reporting of real world data from autonomous/automated vehicles may provide feedback to businesses about the reach of their advertising or improve road safety

Analysis of self-heating and negative capacitance in organic semiconductors devices

A numerical model for charge transport in organic semiconductor devices that accounts for self-heating is presented. In admittance spectroscopy this model reproduces the negative capacitance in bipolar, and more importantly, in single carrier devices. We show that self-heating is crucial not only in large-area OLEDs, but also in small-area devices