Preparation of a soft and interconnected macroporous hydroxypropyl cellulose methacrylate scaffold for adipose tissue engineering

This study describes the preparation and characterization of a biodegradable 3D hydrogel constructed from hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), modified with bifunctional methacrylic anhydride (MA) to form hydroxypropyl cellulose methacrylate (HPC-MA), for adipose tissue engineering applications. The hydrogels were prepared from three different concentrations (10 wt percent, 15 wt per cent and 20 wt percent) of HPC-MA with 0.35 degree of substitution. HPC-MA hydrogel scaffolds with open biphasic features were prepared by exploiting the thermal responsive phase behavior of HPC and temperature mediated phase separation of HPC-MA. The resulting scaffolds exhibited pore sizes ranging from 30 to 300 mm and an interconnected porosity ninety percent. The swelling ratio (SR) and storage modulus of HPC-MA scaffolds were in the range of 12.94 to 35.83 and 0.75 to 4.28 kPa, respectively. The swelling ratio and storage modulus suggested that the scaffold exhibits high water retention, allowing medium exchange during cell culturing and that it is suitable for adipose tissue regeneration. The HPC-MA scaffolds were found to be biocompatible to human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). ASCs were successfully differentiated into the adipocytes inside the scaffolds, and therefore demonstrated the potential application of these HPC-MA scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering

Mechanistic exploration of the palladium-catalysed process for the synthesis of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles

A convenient one-pot palladium-catalyzed cascade process for the prepn. of both benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles has been developed. While these reactions proceed to give similar compds. the mechanisms governing the processes are different as are the exptl. conditions employed