Influence of Perineurial Cells and Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 9 on Herpes simplex Type 1 Entry to the Central Nervous System in Rat Encephalitis

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a rare disease with high mortality and significant morbidity among survivors. We have previously shown that susceptibility to HSE was host-strain dependent, as severe, lethal HSE developed after injection of human Herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1) into the whiskers area of DA rats, whereas PVG rats remained completely asymptomatic. In the present study we investigated the early immunokinetics in these strains to address the underlying molecular mechanisms for the observed difference. The virus distribution and the immunological responses were compared in the whiskers area, trigeminal ganglia and brain stem after 12 hours and the first four days following infection using immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. A conspicuous immunopathological finding was a strain-dependent difference in the spread of the HSV-1 virus to the trigeminal ganglia, only seen in DA rats already from 12 hpi. In the whiskers area infected perineurial cells were abundant in the susceptible DA strain after 2 dpi, whereas in the resistant PVG rats HSV-1 spread was confined only to the epineurium. In both strains activation of Iba1+/ED1+ phagocytic cells followed the distribution pattern of HSV-1 staining, which was visible already at 12 hours after infection. Notably, in PVG rats higher mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors (Tlr) -2 and -9, together with increased staining for Iba1/ED1 was detected in the whiskers area. In contrast, all other Tlr-pathway markers were expressed at higher levels in the susceptible DA rats. Our data demonstrate the novel observation that genetically encoded properties of the host nerve and perineurial cells, recruitment of phagocyting cells together with the low expression of Tlr2 and -9 in the periphery define the susceptibility to HSV-1 entry into the nervous system

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Measurement of the top quark mass using charged particles in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe

Assessment of Knowledge and Practice to Control Nosocomial Infection, Among the Staff Nurses, Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar

Background: A nosocomial infection is that which is acquired in a hospital or other health care agency upto 48 hours after hospital admission, upto 3 days after discharge, upto 30 days after an operation or was admitted to hospital for other reasons other than the infection. Nurses have the major role to prevent the hospital acquired infection. Appropriate knowledge and practice in preventing nosocomial infection is important in their in their day to day patient care. Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice to control nosocomial infection & also to find out the association between knowledge and practice to control nosocomial infection with the selected demographic variables. Material & Methods: The study was conducted in different wards of Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, BBSR. The sample size was 122 and the universal sampling technique was used. After obtaining written informed consent from the study participants, data was collected using two standardized tool. Knowledge was assessed by a scoring key and practice was assessed by likert scale. The association of knowledge and practice with demographic variables was analysed using chi square test. Results: 89.4% of staff nurses were females, 39.3% were in the age group of 31-40 years. and majority (51.6%) were GNM. There was no significant association (p<0.05) found, neither with knowledge nor with practice, with different demographic variables.&nbsp

Assessment of Chronic Pain associated with Prolonged Standing and Effectiveness of Stretching Exercise on it among Security Personnel Working in an Educational Campus in Bhubaneswar

Introduction: Prolonged standing is defined as a standing working posture for over 50% of total working hours during a full work shift. Chronic pain is defined as any pain lasting for more than 12 weeks. Standing effectively reduces the blood supply to the muscles and this inefficient blood flow accelerates the onset of fatigue and causes pain in the muscles. Some research has shown that exercise is an essential aspect in the treatment of chronic pain and gradually over time help those with pain. Significant increase in fitness and pain tolerance was seen in an exercise group in a study. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of chronic pain associated with prolonged standing, to determine the risk factors, to find out the effectiveness of stretching exercise and to suggest remedial measures to the security personnel. Materials and Method: Type of study: Interventional, Study design: Quasi experimental study Study Area: Educational group of institutions, Health Park, Bhubaneswar. Study population: Security personnel, Sample size:74 Sampling: Universal Sampling; Selection Criteria: Who is willing to give written consent and Work experience of 1 year. Study Period: August - October 2019 Study Instruments: Pre-tested, pre-designed questionnaire and standard Visual Pain Scale. Methodology: After obtaining IEC approval ,a pre-tested, pre-designed questionnaire with a visual pain scale was used to obtain information about pain. Daily stretching exercises was performed. Statistical Analysis: Percentage, Chi-square, Mean,(ANOVA) and binary logistic regression. Result:28 had Chronic Back Pain that accounted to 37.83%.A statistical significant association between years of service and back Pain (Chi square 6.653, p = 0.010). On Binary logistic regression, Years of service (OR 1.1675, p 1.1675) and Distance travelled (OR1.0699, p 0.0489) had positive corelation. Significant difference in proportion in Extension positive test. Conclusion: Prolonged standing can lead to LBP and significant reduction in pain after intervention