Unha enxeñeira ou científica en cada cole

Póster presentado na V XORNADA UNIVERSITARIA GALEGA EN XÉNERO. TRANSFORMANDO DENDE A UNIVERSIDADE. Vigo, 7 Xullo 2017Nesta comunicación, presentamos o proxecto Unha enxeñeira ou científica en cada cole organizado pola Oficina de Igualdade de Xénero da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) en colaboración co Concello de Santiago de Compostela. Esta iniciativa pretende incentivar a presenza de rapazas en carreiras relacionadas coas disciplinas STEM (ciencia, enxeñería, tecnoloxía e matemáticas), mediante actividades didácticas nos centros educativos que rachen cos estereotipos sexistas da nosa sociedade. A actividade didáctica consistiu na realización de dezanove obradoiros, dirixidos a nenas e nenos de 5º ou 6º de primaria e realizados nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2016. Os obradoiros foron impartidos por profesoras ou investigadoras da USC e do Centro de Supercomputación de Galicia (CESGA) para crear referentes femininos e incentivar a presenza de rapazas no ámbito científico tecnolóxico. Ademais, estes obradoiros amosaron a relación da ciencia e da tecnoloxía coa nosa vida cotiá e serviron para achegar ao alumnado a estas disciplinas dun xeito lúdicoConcello de Santiago de Compostel

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

AstrónomAs: un viaje a través del Universo de la mano de centenares de mujeres

“AstrónomAs” es una exposición virtual que se centra en las mujeres dedicadas al estudio de la Astronomía y la Astrofísica. Alojada en la web www.astronomas.org, incluye información de más de trescientas astrónomas que trabajan o han trabajado en uno o varios de los catorce temas en los que se estructura la muestra. Recoge los más variados acentos de etnias, ámbitos geográficos, categorías profesionales o diversidad funcional.Peer reviewe

IAA : Información y actualidad astronómica (41)

Sumario : El ALMA de lo invisible ...3 El Mundo Evitado por el Protocolo de Montreal ...7 Otra visión del Camino de Santiago ...10 DECONSTRUCCIÓN Y otros ENSAYOS. Plasmas ...12 EL “MOBY DICK” DE... Jesús Maíz Apellániz (IAA-CSIC)...14 CIENCIA EN HISTORIAS... Antonia Ferrín Moreiras... 15 ACTUALIDAD ...16 ENTRE BASTIDORES ...20 SALA LIMPIA ...21 CIENCIA: PILARES E INCERTIDUMBRES. La atmósfera terrestre ...22N

Measurements of visual binaries with EMCCD cameras and the Nice 76-cm refractor in 2009-2010

International audienceWe present relative astrometric and photometric measurements of visual binaries made in 2009-2010 with the 76-cm refractor of Côte d'Azur Observatory and a pair of sensitive EMCCD ANDOR cameras. Our observing list includes optical pairs and binaries whose orbital motion is still uncertain. Three different techniques were used for obtaining measurements: Lucky Imaging, Speckle Interferometry, and the Direct Vector Autocorrelation method. From our 2,050 observations of double stars, we obtained 1,652 new measurements of the relative position of 1,792 objects, with angular separations in the range 0".1-14".1. The average accuracy is estimated at 0".02 for the angular separations and 0°.6 for the position angles. We managed to observe faint systems (mV ≈ 12) with a large magnitude difference (up to ΔmV ≈ 5). We have thus been able to measure many systems containing red dwarf stars that had been poorly monitored since their discovery. We also measured the difference of magnitude of the two components of 1,143 objects with an estimated error of 0.2 mag

Measurements of visual double stars with PISCO2 at the Nice 76-cm refractor in 2013-2014

International audienceWe present relative astrometric and photometric measurements of visual double stars made in 2013-2014 with PISCO2 installed at the 76-cm refractor of the Côte d'Azur Observatory in Nice (France). Our observation list contains orbital couples as well as double stars whose motion is still uncertain. Three different techniques were used for obtaining measurements: Lucky Imaging, Speckle Interferometry, and the Direct Vector Autocorrelation method. From our observations of 4,864 multiple stars, we obtained 4,952 new measurements with angular separations in the range 0″.1-14″ and an average accuracy of 0″.015. The mean error on the position angles is 1°.0. Most of the position angles were determined without the usual 180° ambiguity with the application of the direct vector autocorrelation technique and/or by inspection of the Lucky images or the long integration files. We managed to routinely monitor faint systems (mV ≈ 9-11) with large magnitude differences (up to ΔmV ≈ 5). We have thus been able to measure 49 systems containing red dwarf stars that had been poorly monitored since their discovery, from which we estimated the stellar masses thanks to Gaia measurements. We also measured the magnitude difference of the two components of 318 double stars with an estimated error of 0.2 mag. Except for a few objects that have been discussed, our measurements are in good agreement with the ephemerides computed with published orbital elements, even for the double stars whose separation is smaller than the diffraction limit. Thanks to good seeing images and with the use of high-contrast numerical filters, we have also been able to obtain 455 measurements with an angular separation smaller than the diffraction limit of our instrumentation, and consistent with those obtained with larger telescopes. Finally, we report 378 measurements of the 296 new double stars that we found in the files obtained during the observations

Accurate whole human genome sequencing using reversible terminator chemistry

DNA sequence information underpins genetic research, enabling discoveries of important biological or medical benefit. Sequencing projects have traditionally used long (400-800 base pair) reads, but the existence of reference sequences for the human and many other genomes makes it possible to develop new, fast approaches to re-sequencing, whereby shorter reads are compared to a reference to identify intraspecies genetic variation. Here we report an approach that generates several billion bases of accurate nucleotide sequence per experiment at low cost. Single molecules of DNA are attached to a flat surface, amplified in situ and used as templates for synthetic sequencing with fluorescent reversible terminator deoxyribonucleotides. Images of the surface are analysed to generate high-quality sequence. We demonstrate application of this approach to human genome sequencing on flow-sorted X chromosomes and then scale the approach to determine the genome sequence of a male Yoruba from Ibadan, Nigeria. We build an accurate consensus sequence from >30x average depth of paired 35-base reads. We characterize four million single-nucleotide polymorphisms and four hundred thousand structural variants, many of which were previously unknown. Our approach is effective for accurate, rapid and economical whole-genome re-sequencing and many other biomedical applications

Clinical effectiveness and safety of olaparib in BRCA-mutated, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer in a real-world setting: final analysis of LUCY

PurposeThe interim analysis of the phase IIIb LUCY trial demonstrated the clinical effectiveness of olaparib in patients with germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC), with median progression-free survival (PFS) of 8.11 months, which was similar to that in the olaparib arm of the phase III OlympiAD trial (7.03 months). This prespecified analysis provides final overall survival (OS) and safety data.MethodsThe open-label, single-arm LUCY trial of olaparib (300 mg, twice daily) enrolled adults with gBRCAm or somatic BRCA-mutated (sBRCAm), HER2-negative mBC. Patients had previously received a taxane or anthracycline for neoadjuvant/adjuvant or metastatic disease and up to two lines of chemotherapy for mBC.ResultsOf 563 patients screened, 256 (gBRCAm, n = 253; sBRCAm, n = 3) were enrolled. In the gBRCAm cohort, median investigator-assessed PFS (primary endpoint) was 8.18 months and median OS was 24.94 months. Olaparib was clinically effective in all prespecified subgroups: hormone receptor status, previous chemotherapy for mBC, previous platinum-based chemotherapy (including by line of therapy), and previous cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor use. The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were nausea (55.3%) and anemia (39.2%). Few patients (6.3%) discontinued olaparib owing to a TEAE. No deaths associated with AEs occurred during the study treatment or 30-day follow-up.ConclusionThe LUCY patient population reflects a real-world population in line with the licensed indication of olaparib in mBC. These findings support the clinical effectiveness and safety of olaparib in patients with gBRCAm, HER2-negative mBC.Clinical trial registrationClinical trials registration number: NCT0328684