Nathalie Blanc, 2016, Les formes de l'environnement : manifeste pour une esthétique politique, Genève, MétisPresses, 232 pages

Le nouvel essai Les formes de l’environnement : manifeste pour une esthétique politique de Nathalie Blanc, directrice de recherche au CNRS, laboratoire LADYSS, s’inscrit dans la poursuite des travaux de la géographe portant sur les questions d’esthétique et de nature en ville, tels que Nouvelles esthétiques urbaines (Éditions Armand Colin, 2012) ou Vers une esthétique environnementale (Éditions Quæ, 2008). Le projet qu’elle propose met en avant l’articulation des questions esthétiques et envi..

An Evaluation of the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (Louisiana).

The purpose of this study was to determine behavioral changes in Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) participants in East Baton Rouge Parish. The categories studied included: (1) knowledge of nutrition, (2) food purchase, (3) food storage and sanitation, (4) food and meal planning, and (5) food preparation. A stratified sample of five nutrition aides was selected. The aides ranged from limited to exceptional ability to teach. Eighty EFNEP homemakers who had participated in the program for a minimum of six months were included. Sixteen homemakers were selected randomly from each aide\u27s list of homemakers. A food behavior checklist was the instrument used for the study. The Extension Service, USDA; seven State Cooperative Extension Services; and Synectics Corporation developed and validated the checklist. The pretest was the food behavior checklist the nutrition aide completed when each homemaker first enrolled in the program. The posttest was the checklist the researcher completed on the homemaker at the time of the study. The homemaker responded to the checklist in terms of NA (not applicable), DK (don\u27t know), yes, and no. The NA column was not included in the analysis of data. Values given on the response columns included: DK (3), Yes (2), and No (1). Both the pretests and posttests were scored by the researcher, and the data collected were classified into frequency distributions. Data were analyzed by the test for correlated groups, utilizing the single group method. The statement of the hypothesis was: there were no significant differences in food-nutrition behavioral changes of EFNEP homemakers in East Baton Rouge Parish. The null hypothesis was accepted or rejected at the .05 level. The results were as follows: (1) There have been no significant changes in recommended knowledge of nutrition behaviors. (2) There have been no significant changes in recommended food purchase behaviors. (3) There have been significant changes in recommended food storage and sanitation behaviors. (4) There have been no significant changes in recommended food and meal planning behaviors. (5) There have been significant changes in recommended food preparation behaviors. (6) There have been significant changes in the total food behavior scores

Le milieu permaculturel comme foyer d'émergence d'un soi mésologique

Ce qu’il est urgent de penser, c’est une manière d’être humain qui ne s’affirme plus dans le déni de son lien à la Terre – lui permettant ce faisant de saper aussi bien son milieu que celui d’autres êtres vivants – mais qui se déploie en résonance avec elle, en tant que son milieu et partie de son être. Alors seulement il deviendrait possible de penser une médiance qui soit durablement « l’appariement d’un être et de son milieu ». Nous abordons, par une enquête des pratiques de la permaculture, les modalités d’un tel ré-appariement, en vue d’esquisser un mode d’être et de trajecter correspondant

How empowering is hospital care for older people with advanced disease? Barriers and facilitators from a cross-national ethnography in England, Ireland and the USA

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)Background: Patient empowerment, through which patients become self-determining agents with some control over their health and healthcare, is a common theme across health policies globally. Most care for older people is in the acute setting, but there is little evidence to inform the delivery of empowering hospital care. Objective: We aimed to explore challenges to and facilitators of empowerment among older people with advanced disease in hospital, and the impact of palliative care. Methods: We conducted an ethnography in six hospitals in England, Ireland and the USA. The ethnography involved: interviews with patients aged ≥65, informal caregivers, specialist palliative care (SPC) staff and other clinicians who cared for older adults with advanced disease, and fieldwork. Data were analysed using directed thematic analysis. Results: Analysis of 91 interviews and 340 h of observational data revealed substantial challenges to empowerment: poor communication and information provision, combined with routinised and fragmented inpatient care, restricted patients’ self-efficacy, self-management, choice and decision-making. Information and knowledge were often necessary for empowerment, but not sufficient: empowerment depended on patient-centredness being enacted at an organisational and staff level. SPC facilitated empowerment by prioritising patient-centred care, tailored communication and information provision, and the support of other clinicians. Conclusions: Empowering older people in the acute setting requires changes throughout the health system. Facilitators of empowerment include excellent staff-patient communication, patient-centred, relational care, an organisational focus on patient experience rather than throughput, and appropriate access to SPC. Findings have relevance for many high- and middle-income countries with a growing population of older patients with advanced disease

Social and clinical determinants of preferences and their achievement at the end of life: Prospective cohort study of older adults receiving palliative care in three countries

© 2017 The Author(s). Background: Achieving choice is proposed as a quality marker. But little is known about what influences preferences especially among older adults. We aimed to determine and compare, across three countries, factors associated with preferences for place of death and treatment, and actual site of death. Methods: We recruited adults aged ≥65-years from hospital-based multiprofessional palliative care services in London, Dublin, New York, and followed them for >17 months. All services offered consultation on hospital wards, support for existing clinical teams, outpatient services and received funding from their National Health Service and/or relevant Insurance reimbursements. The New York service additionally had 10 inpatient beds. All worked with and referred patients to local hospices. Face-to-face interviews recorded most and least preferred place of death, treatment goal priorities, demographic and clinical information using validated questionnaires. Multivariable and multilevel analyses assessed associated factors. Results: One hundred and thirty eight older adults (64 London, 59 Dublin, 15 New York) were recruited, 110 died during follow-up. Home was the most preferred place of death (77/138, 56%) followed by inpatient palliative care/hospice units (22%). Hospital was least preferred (35/138, 25%), followed by nursing home (20%) and home (16%); hospice/palliative care unit was rarely least preferred (4%). Most respondents prioritised improving quality of life, either alone (54%), or equal with life extension (39%); few (3%) chose only life extension. There were no significant differences between countries. Main associates with home preference were: cancer diagnosis (OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.40-9.90) and living with someone (OR 2.19, 1.33-3.62). Adults with non-cancer diagnoses were more likely to prefer palliative care units (OR 2.39, 1.14-5.03). Conversely, functional independence (OR 1.05, 1.04-1.06) and valuing quality of life (OR 3.11, 2.89-3.36) were associated with dying at home. There was a mismatch between preferences and achievements - of 85 people who preferred home or a palliative care unit, 19 (25%) achieved their first preference. Conclusion: Although home is the most common first preference, it is polarising and for 16% it is the least preferred. Inpatient palliative care unit emerges as the second most preferred place, is rarely least preferred, and yet was often not achieved for those who wanted to die there. Factors affecting stated preferences and met preferences differ. Available services, notably community support and palliative care units, require expansion. Contrasting actual place of death with capacity for meeting patient and family needs may be a better quality indicator than simply 'achieved preferences'

LIM kinases are required for invasive path generation by tumor and tumor-associated stromal cells

Leading cells require LIMK for matrix degradation and invadopodia formation during collective cell migration

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014–2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V

L'esthétique environnementale comme cadre de pensée pour appréhender la « sensibilité paysagère » : perspectives historiques et débats contemporains

Qu’est-ce que la valeur esthétique d’un paysage et qu’est-ce que ce qui est en jeu lorsque nous lui attribuons une telle valeur ? L’esthétique environnementale, puisant ses fondements dans l’esthétique philosophique et dans l’environnementalisme anglo-saxon, s’est précisément penchée sur ces questions. Si ce courant se nomme esthétique environnementale plutôt qu’esthétique du paysage, ce n’est pas en faveur d’une approche s’occupant de « ce qui environne » ou de se concentrer sur la dimension écologique du paysage, mais plutôt pour situer leur opposition à l’approche dite pittoresque du XVIIIe siècle. Ainsi, si l’argument esthétique comme motif d’engagement à la protection de l’environnement s’est historiquement montré prépondérant (Hargrove, 1979), l’esthétique environnementale éclaire les ressorts et les modalités de justification de celui-ci

Simplicitaires et expériences esthétiques de la nature : pour une transition écologique et spirituelle des modes de vie

La transition écologique et spirituelle des modes de vie est discutée sous le prisme de la simplicité volontaire et plus particulièrement via la relation que ses représentants tissent avec la nature. Cette relation est appréhendée grâce une articulation théorique originale entre des expériences esthétiques de la nature, les représentations qu’elles insufflent et les comportements éthiques à son égard. Une enquête de terrain a permis de discuter et d’amender ce corpus théorique. Un tel cheminement heuristique éclaire les représentations de la nature qui habitent les simplicitaires, leurs spécificités et notamment le rôle crucial de l’identification phénoménologique à la nature pour développer une représentation emprunte d’humilité se traduisant dans l’élaboration de certaines valeurs morales