9 research outputs found
31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two
- Author
- Abassi Yama
- Abelin Jennifer G
- Abolhalaj Milad
- Abraham Tara S
- Adam Ammar
- Adams David
- Adams Homer
- Adams Sarah F
- Adamus Tomasz
- Addepalli Murali
- Addepalli Murali
- Adjei Alex A
- Agapova Larissa
- Agarwala Sanjiv
- Ager Casey
- Aggarwal Charu
- Agnello Giulia
- Agudo Judith
- Aguilar Ethan G
- Aguilera Todd
- Ahamadi Malidi
- Ahn Yong-Oon
- Ahrens Eric T
- Aizer Ayal
- Ajina Reham
- Akerley Wallace
- Al-Muftah Mariam
- Albershardt Tina C
- Albershardt Tina C
- Albrekt Ann-Sofie
- Alekar Shilpa
- Alemany Ramon
- Alemany Ramon
- Alexander Brian
- Allbritton Omaira
- Allen Clint T
- Alley Evan W
- Allison James
- Allison James
- Allison James
- Alston Tesha
- Alt Jürgen
- Alters Susan
- Amatulli Michael
- Anand Snjezana
- Anand Snjezana
- Anand Snjezana
- Anderson Clark
- Anderson Mark
- Andersson Bengt
- Andre Pascale
- Andtbacka Robert H I
- Andtbacka Robert H I
- Angiuoli Sam
- Ansari Tameem
- Anthony Scott
- Antonarakis Emmanuel S
- Antonia Scott J
- Anwar Firoz
- Aquino-Michaels Keston
- Archer Jacob F
- Arina Ainhoa
- Armand Philippe
- Armenta Paul
- Armet Caroline M
- Arnoux Thomas
- Ascarateil Stephane
- Askmyr David
- Atkins Michael
- Atkins Michael B
- Atkinson Victoria
- Au Katrina
- Autio Karen A
- Awad Mark
- Bagarazzi Mark
- Bai Dina
- Baia Gilson
- Baird Jason
- Bajaj Anshika
- Balatoni Timea
- Balboni Tracy
- Balch Leslie
- Bang Andrew
- Bao Riyue
- Bao Yangyi
- Bao Yangyi
- Barakat David
- Barberi Theresa
- Barker Christopher A
- Barnea Eytan
- Barras David
- Bartkowiak Todd
- Bartlett David
- Bartlett David
- Bartlett David
- Bartlett David
- Barton Sunjay M
- Barve Minal
- Bauer Todd
- Bauer Todd W
- Bauman Julie
- Baumgaertner Petra
- Bauml Joshua
- Beceren-Braun Figen
- Beck Kristen
- Becker Annette
- Beckers Johannes
- Beckett Michael A
- Bedognetti Davide
- Bedognetti Davide
- Bedognetti Davide
- Bell Bryan
- Bell Charles J M
- Bell Peter
- Beltran Pedro
- Bender Lewis H
- Bender Steven
- Bennett Mark K
- Benz Steven
- Bera Tapan
- Berglund Peter
- Berglund Peter
- Berkey Sara
- Bernatchez Chantale
- Berry John S
- Berzofsky Jay A
- Bhardwaj Nina
- Bian Zhen
- Bianco Alberto
- Biediger Ronald J
- Bifulco Carlo
- Bigley Alison
- Bingham Patrick
- Biniszkiewicz Detlev M
- Bischoff Helge
- Blake Zoe
- Blake Zoe
- Blakely Collin
- Blazar Bruce R
- Blogowski Wojciech
- Bloom Anja C
- Boehm Jesse
- Bokovanov Vladimir
- Bommareddy Praveen K
- Bommareddy Praveen K
- Bommareddy Praveen K
- Bommareddy Praveen K
- Booth Jamie
- Bornschlegl Svetlana
- Bose Nandita
- Bossenmaier Birgit
- Boughorbel Sabri
- Boyer Jean
- Bramante Simona
- Branstetter Daniel
- Brech Dorothee
- Brenin David
- Broaddus V. C
- Brockstedt Dirk G
- Brockstedt Dirk G
- Brody Joshua
- Bronson Roderick
- Brooks Alan
- Brooks Alan D
- Broucek Joseph
- Brown Alice
- Brown Brian
- Brown Brittany
- Brown Gail L
- Brown Sheila
- Bruce Jeffrey N
- Brunet Laura R
- Bruno Tullia C
- Bryan Jennifer
- Bryant Richard
- Buchbinder Elizabeth
- Bucsek Mark
- Budhu Sadna
- Budhu Sadna
- Budkowska Marta
- Bueno Raphael
- Buettner Florian
- Buettner Nico
- Bullock Kim
- Bullock Kim
- Burova Elena
- Burrill Joel
- Bussler Holm
- Butterfield Lisa H
- Butterfield Lisa H
- Byrne-Steele Miranda
- Cagney Daniel
- Calderon Hugo
- Callahan Margaret K
- Campesato Luis F
- Campogan Dwayne
- Cao Felicia
- Capasso Cristian
- Capasso Cristian
- Caplazi Patrick
- Cappuccini Federica
- Carcaboso Angel M
- Carlino Matteo S
- Carpi Sara
- Carrasco Ruben
- Carrera Diego A
- Carrero Rosa M S
- Carson Dennis A
- Castellini Laura
- Cathomas Richard
- Cauvin Annick
- Cauwenberghs Sandra
- Caux Christophe
- Cebon Jonathan S
- Ceccarelli Michele
- Celis Esteban
- Cerignoli Fabio
- Cerullo Vincenzo
- Cerullo Vincenzo
- Cervera-Carrascón Víctor
- Cesareni Gianni
- Cha John
- Cha John
- Cha John
- Champion Brian
- Chan Anissa S H
- Chan Chanty
- Chan Chanty
- Chan Ivan
- Chan Leo
- Chan Timothy A
- Chang Alfred E
- Chang Alfred E
- Chang Joe
- Chang Nancy N
- Chang Thomas
- Chanuc Fabien
- Chapelin Fanny
- Chaplin Jenny
- Chappel Scott C
- Charych Deborah H
- Charych Deborah H
- Chaudhuri Amitabha
- Chaussabel Damien
- Chen Ada
- Chen Ada
- Chen Gang
- Chen Jason
- Chen Jason
- Chen Xiaomu
- Chen Xin
- Chen Xiufen
- Chen Yu
- Chen Yu
- Chenchik Alex
- Chheda Zinal
- Chiang Eugene
- Chikina Maria
- Chittenden Thomas
- Chiu Hsiling
- Cho Charles
- Chongyung Fang
- Chou Margaret
- Choueiri Toni K
- Choy Carmen
- Clark Joseph I
- Clavijo Paul E
- Clifton Guy T
- Clynes Raphael
- Cobbold Mark
- Cobbold Mark
- Cobbold Mark
- Coder Brandon
- Coffman Robert L
- Cohen Cyrille
- Cohen Ezra E W
- Cohen Roger
- Colen Rivka
- Colevas A. D
- Collins Natalie
- Colrain Jillian
- Coltharp Carla
- Concha-Benavente Fernando
- Connolly Eileen P
- Conwell Darwin
- Conwell Darwin
- Corrales Leticia P
- Corrales Leticia P
- Coukos George
- Coukos George
- Coussens Lisa M
- Coussens Lisa M
- Craggs Graham
- Craig Andrew
- Crittenden Marka
- Cron Kyle R
- Cronstein Bruce N
- Crooks James
- Crosby Andrea
- Crosignani Stefano
- Crowder Robert
- Cruickshank Scott
- Csuka Orsolya
- Curbishley Stuart
- Curiel Tyler
- Curran Emily
- Curran Michael
- Curti Brendan
- Curti Brendan
- Da Costa Andre
- Dai Fu
- Dai Jie
- Dai Peihong
- Dalgleish Angus
- Dalvie Deepak
- Daniels Gregory A
- Daud Adil
- David Justin M
- Davies Bronwyn
- de Boisferon Marc H
- de Groot Patricia
- de Gruijl Tanja
- De Henau Olivier
- de Leon Laura
- De Maeseneire Coraline
- De Sanctis Francesco
- de Silva Suresh
- Deacon Donna
- Deacon Donna H
- DeBenedette Mark
- DeBenedette Mark
- Declerck Paul
- Decock Julie
- Decock Julie
- DeFalco Jeff
- Dela Cruz Filemon
- Delgoffe Greg
- Delgoffe Greg M
- Delgoffe Greg M
- Delgoffe Greg M
- Delogu Lucia
- Delorenzi Mauro
- Demaria Sandra
- Demaria Sandra
- Deng Liang
- Deng Weiwen
- Deng Wentao
- Denies Sofie
- Denis Caroline
- Desbien Anthony L
- deVries Michele
- Dhupkar Pooja
- Diab Adi
- Diab Adi
- Diab Adi
- Diaz Luis
- DiCostanzo AriCeli
- Diede Scott J
- Dietz Allan B
- Dillhoff Mary
- Dillon Patrick
- Dilworth Ryan
- Dimberg Anna
- Ding Yueyun
- Doberstein Stephen K
- Dobkin Julie
- Doener Fatma
- Dolegowska Barbara
- Doleschall Zoltan
- Doman Thompson
- Dominguez George
- Donahue Renee
- Donahue Renee
- Dorsey Frank C
- Dovedi Simon
- Downs-Canner Stephanie
- Drake Charles
- Drake Charles G
- Drake Charles G
- Driessens Gregory
- Driscoll Kyla
- Druker Brian J
- Dubensky Thomas W
- Dubensky Thomas W
- Dudimah Duafalia
- Duff Susan
- Dumontet Charles
- Dunai Cordelia
- Dunai Cordelia
- Dutcher Janice P
- Duttagupta Priyanka
- Duvvuri Uma
- Dyson Mike
- D’Apuzzo Massimo
- Ebner Peggy
- Edwards Robert
- Edwards Robert P
- Edwards Robert P
- Eickhoff Jens
- Eisenhower Mary
- El Alaoui Meddy
- El Alaoui Said
- Eles Klara
- Ellies Lesley
- Elnaggar Omar
- Elvecrog James
- Emberley Ethan
- Emerling Daniel
- Eng Charis
- Engelhard Victor H
- English Jessie
- Enstrom Amanda
- Eremeev Artem
- Eriksson Emma
- Eriksson Emma
- Eriksson Emma
- Ertelt Kathleen
- Eswarappa Rajesh
- Evans Elizabeth
- Evans Kathy
- Facciabene Andrea
- Facciabene Andrea
- Facciabene Andrea
- Facciponte John
- Facciponte John
- Falchook Gerald
- Fantini Massimo
- Fantini Massimo
- Fantini Massimo
- Farkas Emil
- Farren Matthew
- Faustman Denise
- Fa’ak Faisal
- Fa’ak Faisal
- Femel Julia
- Feng JunLi
- Feng Yan
- Feng Zipei
- Feola Sara
- Fernandez Christian
- Fernando Ingrid
- Ferris Robert L
- Ferris Robert L
- Ferris Robert L
- Ferris Robert L
- Fesenkova Valentyna
- Field Jessica J
- Fisher Kerry
- Fisher Terry
- Fitzharris Bernie
- Flano Emilio
- Flechtner Jessica B
- Flies Dallas B
- Flynn Patrick
- Fogler William
- Fong Lawrence
- Formenti Silvia C
- Formenti Silvia C
- Foster Cathie
- Foster Rosemary
- Fotin-Mleczek Mariola
- Fox Bernard
- Francica Brian
- Francis Julie-Ann
- Frangou Costa
- Franklin Marilyn
- Franklin Wilbur
- Frascaro Federica
- Fraser Kathryn
- Frederix Kim
- Freimark Bruce
- Freimark Bruce
- Freimark Bruce
- Frey Alan
- Fridman Leticia
- Friedman Alan
- Friedman David
- Fromm George
- Früh Martin
- Fu Yang-Xin
- Fu Yichun
- Fu Yichun
- Fuertes Marraco Silvia A
- Fugle Caroline W
- Fuhrmann Steven
- Fukaya Satoshi
- Fulton Noreen
- Fuoco Claudia
- Fusciello Manlio
- Fuseri Nicolas
- Gabitzsch Elizabeth
- Gabrail Nashat
- Gabrilovich Dmitry
- Gajewski Thomas
- Gajewski Thomas F
- Gajewski Thomas F
- Gajewski Thomas F
- Gajewski Thomas F
- Gajewski Thomas F
- Gajewski Thomas F
- Galeassi Nadejda
- Gamble Alicia
- Gamble Alicia
- Gameiro Sofia
- Gameiro Sofia R
- Gandhi Anita
- Gao Chan
- Gardai Shyra J
- Gardner Kellie
- Gartrell Robyn
- Gartrell Robyn
- Gartrell Robyn
- Gasmi Billel
- Gastineau Dennis A
- Gaughan Elizabeth
- Gauthier Audrey
- Gauthier Kelsey S
- Geissler Michael
- Gergel Ivan
- Geukens Nick
- Gfeller David
- Ghadially Hormas
- Ghamsari Lila
- Ghandi Leena
- Ghisoli Maurizio
- Giaccia Amato
- Gibney Geoffrey
- Giffin Louise
- Gillies Stephen D
- Giri Sanjeev
- Gladstone Douglas
- Glickman Laura H
- Gnad-Vogt Ulrike
- Godwin John
- Gomes Bruno
- Gong Jian
- Gong Jian
- Gonzales Rodney J M
- Gooding William
- Gooding William
- Goodman Reid
- Gopal Ajay
- Gordon Keith
- Gordon Nancy
- Gottschalk Stephen
- Gough Michael
- Gowda Nagaraj
- Goyal Sharad
- Graff Jeremy
- Graham Charles
- Graves Edward
- Gray Michael
- Gray Michael
- Greasley Samantha
- Greenberg Norman
- Greiff Lennart
- Greiner John W
- Grenga Italia
- Grenga Italia
- Gressett Monica M
- Griesinger Frank
- Grigoryeva Olga
- Grigsby Iwen
- Grivas Petros
- Grogan Elizabeth W
- Grogan Jane
- Grose Mark
- Grose Mark
- Grose Mark
- Grosh William
- Gross Matt
- Gross Matt
- Grossenbacher Steven K
- Grossmann Kenneth
- Gruber Harry
- Gu Xuemin
- Guenther Garret
- Guerriero Jennifer
- Gugel Elena G
- Guiducci Cristina
- Guirado Elizabeth
- Gulley James L
- Gunatilaka Leslie A A
- Guo Jie
- Guo Zeng-qing
- Gupta Ravi
- Gupta Sachin
- Gupta Sumati
- Gustafson Michael P
- Gutierrez Andres A
- Guttridge Denis
- Guy Emily I
- Guzman Wilson
- Hagihara Katsunobu
- Hagner Patrick
- Hailemichael Yared
- Hailemichael Yared
- Haining W. N
- Hale Diane F
- Hall Gerald
- Hallmeyer Sigrun
- Hamdy Freddie
- Hammond Scott A
- Han Jian
- Han Yanyan
- Hank Jacquelyn A
- Hanks Brent A
- Hanson Bill
- Harari Paul M
- Harbell Michael
- Hardin Mark O
- Hardwick James
- Harrington Kevin
- Harris Jaryse
- Harris-Bookman Sarah
- Hart Philip
- Hasapidis Jeannette
- Hassan Raffit
- Havel Jonathan
- Havunen Riikka
- Havunen Riikka
- Hayashi Tomoko
- Haymaker Cara
- Haynes Heather
- Heinze Clinton
- Hellmann Matthew D
- Hellmann Matthew D
- Hellmann Matthew D
- Hellström Ann-Charlotte
- Helming Laura
- Hemmi Silvio
- Hemminki Akseli
- Hemminki Akseli
- Hemminki Otto
- Hendrickx Wouter
- Hendrickx Wouter
- Hendrickx Wouter
- Henrich Ian
- Heo Dae S
- Herbert Garth S
- Herbst Ronald
- Heron Dwight
- Herranz Mireia U
- Hess Kenneth R
- Heymach John
- Higuchi Tomoe
- Hilbe Wolfgang
- Hill Adrian
- Hill Andrew G
- Hill Jonathan A
- Hillringhaus Lars
- Hipp Madeleine
- Hirschhorhn-Cymerman Daniel
- Ho Po
- Hoch Ute
- Hoch Ute
- Hoch Ute
- Hodge James
- Hodge James
- Hodge James W
- Hodi F. S
- Hodi F. S
- Hodi F. S
- Hofmeister Robert
- Holland Pamela M
- Hollevoet Kevin
- Hollingsworth Robert E
- Hollingsworth Robert E
- Holmgaard Rikke
- Holtzhausen Alisha
- Honarmand Somayeh
- Hong Bang-Xing
- Hong David
- Hong Henoch S
- Hong Peter
- Horst Basil
- Horton Brendan
- Horvath Szabolcs
- Hotson Andrew
- Hou Jinlin
- Hou Xiaohong
- Hou Yafei
- Howell Alan
- Hu Yangyang
- Hu Yangyang
- Hu-Lieskovan Siwen
- Hua Hong
- Huang Fei
- Huang Jing
- Huang Shiang
- Huang Shiang
- Huang Tony
- Huang Yuanhiu
- Huang Yuanhiu
- Hudson Thomas E
- Huelsmann Erica
- Huffman Austin P
- Humeau Laurent
- Hunt Donald F
- Hunt Donald F
- Hurt Elaine
- Hurt Elaine
- Hurwitz Michael
- Hutchins Jeff
- Hutchins Jeff
- Hutchins Jeff
- Hwu Patrick
- Hwu Wen-Jen
- Hylander Bonnie
- Ibrahim Nageatte
- Illingworth Sam
- Infante Jeffrey
- Ioffe Ella
- Irmler Martin
- Irving Bryan A
- Irving Bryan A
- Izaki Daisuke
- Jablons David
- Jablonski Sandra
- Jackson Doreen O
- Jackson Natalie
- Jacobson Caron
- Jacques Judy
- Jaen Juan C
- Jaen Juan C
- Jahan Naznin
- Jahan Thierry
- Jaini Ritika
- Jaiswal Ashvin
- Jameson Michael B
- Jang Dadi
- Janku Filip
- Janne Pasi A
- Janssen Louise
- Jarblad-Leja Justyna
- Jeraj Robert
- Jessen Katti
- Jhawar Sachin
- Jhawar Sachin
- Jia Dan T
- Jin Ming
- Johnson Brian
- Johnson Bruce D
- Johnson Karen
- Johnson Melissa L
- Jolly Douglas
- Joly Nathalie
- Jonas Adria
- Jones Frank
- Jones Jeremy
- Jones Sian
- Joshi Bharat H
- Ju Xiaoming
- Kadenhe-Chiweshe Angela
- Kaiser Stephen
- Kalinski Pawel
- Kalinski Pawel
- Kalinski Pawel
- Kalinski Pawel
- Kallen Karl-Josef
- Kalos Michael
- Kane Lawrence P
- Kanerva Anna
- Kang Kai
- Kangas Takashi O
- Kanne David B
- Kantrowitz Joel
- Kapp Kerstin
- Kapralova Marina
- Kariolis Mihalis
- Karlsson-Parra Alex
- Karpathy Roberta
- Karpov Andrey
- Kasibhatla Shailaja
- Kasler Miklos
- Katibah George
- Katibah George
- Kaufman David R
- Kaufman Howard L
- Kaufman Howard L
- Kaufman Howard L
- Kaufman Howard L
- Kaufman Howard L
- Kaufman Howard L
- Kaufman Howard L
- Kauh John S
- Kavanaugh W. M
- Kavanaugh W. M
- Keam Bhumsuk
- Kern Jeffrey
- Khalil Danny N
- Khong Hiep
- Khong Hung
- Khuat Lam T
- Khuat Lam T
- Kibel Adam S
- Kidder Koby
- Kim Chul-Ho
- Kim Dong-Wan
- Kim Dongkyoon
- Kim Seulki
- Kim Seungwon
- Kim Soyeon
- Kim Tae M
- Kindler Hedy L
- Kindt Erick
- Kirk Peter
- Kirksey Yolanda
- Kitaura Kazutaka
- Kleinerman Eugenie S
- Kler Jasdeep
- Kline Justin
- Klinke David J
- Klinkhardt Ute
- Klippel Anke
- Kluger Harriet
- Knapp Alyssa
- Knudson Karin M
- Knudson Karin M
- Koch Sven D
- Kodumudi Krithika
- Kohanbash Gary
- Kohlhapp Frederick
- Kohlhapp Frederick
- Kolarkar Shalini
- Kollmeier Jens
- Komar Hannah
- Komar Hannah M
- Komarov Andrey
- Konakova Marina
- Koong Albert
- Korman Alan J
- Kornbluth Richard S
- Kortylewski Marcin
- Kortylewski Marcin
- Kosaka Yoko
- Kosoff Rachelle
- Kostarelos Kostas
- Koti Madhuri
- Kotlan Beatrix
- Koziol Marie E
- Kradjian Giorgio
- Krasovskaia Liudmila
- Kraus Manfred
- Kraynyak Kim
- Krejsa Cecile M
- Krishnan Monica
- Krishnan Suba
- Krisko John
- Kuai Rui
- Kumai Takumi
- Kumar Sushil
- Kumar Sushil
- Kumar Vikas
- Kumar Vikas
- Kung Andrew L
- Kunk Paul R
- Kuo Peiwen
- Kuppen Peter
- Kyruk Lukasz
- Laderas Ted
- Lai Venus
- Lake Andrew C
- Lamble Adam
- Lan Yan
- Lane Ryan
- Langowski John L
- Laport Ginna
- Lauer Peter
- Law Che-Leung
- Lazo Suzan
- Lazorchak Adam S
- Le Dung T
- Lee Dean
- Lee Jessica
- Lee Yu S
- Lehmann Paul
- Leidner Rom
- Leland Pamela
- Leleti Manmohan R
- Leleux Jardin
- Lemmens Edward E
- Lemmens Edward E
- Leonard John E
- Leonard John P
- Leonardo Steven
- Leong Justin L
- Leong Meredith L
- Leong Meredith L
- Lepone Lauren
- Lepone Lauren
- Leshem Jasmin
- Lesinski Gregory B
- Lesinski Gregory B
- Lesinski Gregory B
- Lessey-Morillon Elizabeth
- Letai Anthony
- Letellier Marie-Claire
- Levy Laurent
- Levy Ronald
- Lewis Whitney
- Li Jin
- Li Qiao
- Li Qiao
- Li Weiqun
- Li Wenlin
- Li Yanxia
- Li Yanyun
- Li Yanyun
- Li Zihai
- Liang Xiaoling
- Lieber Andre
- Lifke Alexander
- Lifke Valeria
- Lin Jing
- Lind Evan F
- Lindstedt Malin
- Lipson Evan
- Liszkay Gabriella
- Litton Jennifer
- Liu Bei
- Liu Biao
- Liu Cailian
- Liu Glenn
- Liu Hao
- Liu Hongtao
- Liu Linying
- Liu Matt
- Liu Shouchun
- Liu Shouchun
- Liu Shuming
- Liu Weiqun
- Liu Xiu-fen
- Liu Yuan
- Liu Zhuqing
- Liu Zhuqing
- Lo Kin-Ming
- Loibner Hans
- Long Georgina V
- Longo Dan
- Loriaux Marc
- Loskog Angelica
- Loskog Angelica
- Loskog Angelica
- Lossos Izidore S
- Lowe David
- Loya Matthew
- Lu Bo
- Lu Shanhong
- Lu Shanhong
- Lu Yan
- Lu Yan
- Lu Yan
- Ludwig Dale
- Ludwug Thomas
- Luke Jason
- Lum Lawrence G
- Lund Amanda W
- Lundberg Kristina
- Lykov Maxim
- López Fernando
- MacDonald Andrew
- MacDonald Cameron
- MacDonald Douglas
- Mace Thomas
- Mace Thomas
- Mace Thomas
- MacKinnon Andy
- MacKinnon Andy
- Maegley Karen
- Magee Michael S
- Magnani John L
- Makarov Vladimir
- Makhanov Michael
- Makhijani Neil
- Makkouk Amani
- Malaker Stacy A
- Malaker Stacy A
- Mallon Zach
- Mallow Crystal
- Malnassy Gregory
- Mandloi Nitin
- Mangin Eric
- Mangrolia Drishty
- Manguso Robert
- Manieri Nicholas
- Manning Luisa
- Manning-Bog Amy
- Manoharan Malini
- Manro Jason
- Mansfield David
- Marabelle Aurelien
- Marathi Upendra K
- Marelli Bo
- Marguier Gisele
- Marguier Gisele
- Maric Dragan
- Marillier Reece
- Marincola Francesco
- Marincola Franco M
- Marincola Franco M
- Market Robert V
- Marks Douglas
- Marron Thomas U
- Marshall Netonia
- Martin Allison
- Martins Beatriz
- Mason Sean
- Mastro Andrea
- Matsutani Takaji
- Mauceri Helena J
- Mauldin Ileana
- Maurer Matthew
- Mazzeo Christopher F
- McCafferty John
- McCaffery Ian
- McCarter Martin
- McCulley Kelsey
- McDaniel Amanda
- McDaniel Amanda
- McDaniel Amanda
- McDermott David F
- McDermott David F
- McIntosh Laura
- McKenna Jeffery M
- McNeel Douglas G
- McNeil Catriona
- McQuinn Christopher
- McWeeney Shannon
- McWhirter Sarah M
- Mediero Aranzazu
- Medina Daniel
- Meek Stephanie M
- Mehnert Janice
- Meier Roland
- Melcher Alan
- Melero Ignacio
- Melssen Marit
- Melssen Marit
- Mendoza Daniel
- Menk Ashley V
- Menk Ashley V
- Menk Ashley V
- Mennel Robert
- Mera Toshi
- Merghoub Taha
- Merghoub Taha
- Merghoub Taha
- Merghoub Taha
- Merghoub Taha
- Merrick Daniel
- Metchette Ken
- Metelli Alessandra
- Meyer Christina
- Meyers Michael L
- Milenova Ioanna
- Milenova Ioanna
- Millar David
- Miller Lance
- Miller Nichol
- Miller Peter
- Miller Richard
- Mitchell John
- Mitchell Leah
- Mitra Priyam
- Mittendorf Elizabeth A
- Moeckly Craig
- Mogundo Frances-Mary
- Mohan Aparna
- Mohr Ian
- Mohrs Markus
- Monjazeb Arta
- Moon James
- Moore Brandon
- Moore Kathleen M
- Moreira Dayson
- Morel Yannis
- Moreno Rafael
- Moreno Rafael
- Morillon Y. M
- Morris Zachary S
- Morrow Matthew
- Morse Jennifer
- Morse Michael
- Mudan Satvinder
- Mueller Sabine
- Muir Lincoln
- Mullinax John
- Mullins Stefanie
- Mulvey Matthew
- Mumm John
- Munday Anthony
- Muniz Luciana
- Munk Adiel
- Murphy Aimee L
- Murphy Aimee L
- Murphy William J
- Murphy William J
- Murray Brion
- Muthuswamy Ravi
- Muthuswamy Ravikumar
- Myers Paisley T
- Myers Paisley T
- Myers Paisley T
- Nagasaka Misako
- Nail Carmel
- Naing Aung
- Naing Aung
- Nair Nitya
- Nakamura Yusuke
- Nath Pulak R
- Nath Pulak R
- Ndubaku Chudi
- Nechaev Sergey
- Neelapu Sattva S
- Neelapu Sattva S
- Neely Jaclyn
- Nemunaitis John
- Neou Silinda
- Neubert Natalie J
- Neves Rogerio
- Newcomb Eric
- Newman Jenna
- Newman Jenna
- Ngo Lisa Y
- Nguyen Andrew
- Nguyen Ngan
- Niazi Kayvan
- Nicholas Courtney
- Nicolette Charles
- Nicolette Charles
- Nicolette Charles
- Niederfellner Gerhard
- Nielsen Michael
- Noessner Elfriede
- Normant Emmanuel
- Novosiadly Ruslan
- Nuccitelli Richard
- Nuccitelli Richard
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- Zeng Xue
- Zha Yuanyuan
- Zhang Danhui
- Zhang Jing
- Zhang Ping
- Zhang Qifang
- Zhang Shannon S
- Zhang Theresa
- Zhang Winter
- Zhang Yanping
- Zhao Fei
- Zhao Leyna
- Zhao Xingli
- Zheng Lianxing
- Zheng Wenxin
- Zheng Xianxian
- Zheng Yi
- Zhong Hong
- Zhou Li
- Zhou Xiangjun
- Zippelius Alfred
- Zloza Andrew
- Zloza Andrew
- Zloza Andrew
- Zloza Andrew
- Zloza Andrew
- Zou Jun
- Zuba-Surma Ewa
- Zubkova Olga
- Zureikat Amer
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2016
- Field of study
Background
The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd.
Methods
We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background.
Results
First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival
Conservation beyond the existing protected area network is required to improve species and habitat representation in a global biodiversity hotspot
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/05/2021
- Field of study
10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109105Biological Conservation25710910
Recommended from our members
31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016): part two: National Harbor, MD, USA. 9-13 November 2016
- Author
- Abassi Yama
- Abelin Jennifer G.
- Abolhalaj Milad
- Abraham Tara S.
- Adam Ammar
- Adams David
- Adams Homer
- Adams Sarah F.
- Adamus Tomasz
- Addepalli Murali
- Adjei Alex A.
- Agapova Larissa
- Agarwala Sanjiv
- Ager Casey
- Aggarwal Charu
- Agnello Giulia
- Agudo Judith
- Aguilar Ethan G.
- Aguilera Todd
- Ahamadi Malidi
- Ahn Yong-Oon
- Ahrens Eric T.
- Aizer Ayal
- Ajina Reham
- Akerley Wallace
- Al-Muftah Mariam
- Albershardt Tina C.
- Albrekt Ann-Sofie
- Alekar Shilpa
- Alemany Ramon
- Alexander Brian
- Allbritton Omaira
- Allen Clint T.
- Alley Evan W.
- Allison James
- Alston Tesha
- Alt Jürgen
- Alters Susan
- Amatulli Michael
- Anand Snjezana
- Anderson Clark
- Anderson Mark
- Andersson Bengt
- Andre Pascale
- Andtbacka Robert H. I.
- Angiuoli Sam
- Ansari Tameem
- Anthony Scott
- Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
- Antonia Scott J.
- Anwar Firoz
- Aquino-Michaels Keston
- Archer Jacob F.
- Arina Ainhoa
- Armand Philippe
- Armenta Paul
- Armet Caroline M.
- Arnoux Thomas
- Ascarateil Stephane
- Askmyr David
- Atkins Michael
- Atkins Michael B.
- Atkinson Victoria
- Au Katrina
- Autio Karen A.
- Awad Mark
- Bagarazzi Mark
- Bai Dina
- Baia Gilson
- Baird Jason
- Bajaj Anshika
- Balatoni Timea
- Balboni Tracy
- Balch Leslie
- Bang Andrew
- Bao Riyue
- Bao Yangyi
- Barakat David
- Barberi Theresa
- Barker Christopher A.
- Barnea Eytan
- Barras David
- Bartkowiak Todd
- Bartlett David
- Barton Sunjay M.
- Barve Minal
- Bauer Todd
- Bauer Todd W.
- Bauman Julie
- Baumgaertner Petra
- Bauml Joshua
- Beceren-Braun Figen
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- Becker Annette
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- Beckett Michael A.
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- Blogowski Wojciech
- Bloom Anja C.
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- Bommareddy Praveen K.
- Booth Jamie
- Bornschlegl Svetlana
- Bose Nandita
- Bossenmaier Birgit
- Boughorbel Sabri
- Boyer Jean
- Bramante Simona
- Branstetter Daniel
- Brech Dorothee
- Brenin David
- Broaddus V. Courtney
- Brockstedt Dirk G.
- Brody Joshua
- Bronson Roderick
- Brooks Alan
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- Broucek Joseph
- Brown Alice
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- Brown Brittany
- Brown Gail L.
- Brown Sheila
- Bruce Jeffrey N.
- Brunet Laura Rosa
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- Bryant Richard
- Buchbinder Elizabeth
- Bucsek Mark
- Budhu Sadna
- Budkowska Marta
- Bueno Raphael
- Buettner Florian
- Buettner Nico
- Bullock Kim
- Burova Elena
- Burrill Joel
- Bussler Holm
- Butterfield Lisa H.
- Byrne-Steele Miranda
- Cagney Daniel
- Calderon Hugo
- Callahan Margaret K.
- Campesato Luis Felipe
- Campogan Dwayne
- Cao Felicia
- Capasso Cristian
- Caplazi Patrick
- Cappuccini Federica
- Carcaboso Angel M.
- Carlino Matteo S.
- Carpi Sara
- Carrasco Ruben
- Carrera Diego A.
- Carrero Rosa M. Santana
- Carson Dennis A.
- Castellini Laura
- Cathomas Richard
- Cauvin Annick
- Cauwenberghs Sandra
- Caux Christophe
- Cebon Jonathan S.
- Ceccarelli Michele
- Celis Esteban
- Cerignoli Fabio
- Cerullo Vincenzo
- Cervera-Carrascón Víctor
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- Chheda Zinal
- Chiang Eugene
- Chikina Maria
- Chittenden Thomas
- Chiu Hsiling
- Cho Charles
- Chongyung Fang
- Chou Margaret
- Choueiri Toni K.
- Choy Carmen
- Clark Joseph I.
- Clavijo Paul E.
- Clifton Guy T.
- Clynes Raphael
- Cobbold Mark
- Coder Brandon
- Coffman Robert L.
- Cohen Cyrille
- Cohen Ezra E. W.
- Cohen Roger
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- Collins Natalie
- Colrain Jillian
- Coltharp Carla
- Concha-Benavente Fernando
- Connolly Eileen P.
- Conwell Darwin
- Corrales Leticia P.
- Coukos George
- Coussens Lisa M.
- Craggs Graham
- Craig Andrew
- Crittenden Marka
- Cron Kyle R.
- Cronstein Bruce N.
- Crooks James
- Crosby Andrea
- Crosignani Stefano
- Crowder Robert
- Cruickshank Scott
- Csuka Orsolya
- Curbishley Stuart
- Curiel Tyler
- Curran Emily
- Curran Michael
- Curti Brendan
- Da Costa Andre
- Dai Fu
- Dai Jie
- Dai Peihong
- Dalgleish Angus
- Dalvie Deepak
- Daniels Gregory A.
- Daud Adil
- David Justin M.
- Davies Bronwyn
- de Boisferon Marc Hillairet
- de Groot Patricia
- de Gruijl Tanja
- De Henau Olivier
- de Leon Laura
- De Maeseneire Coraline
- De Sanctis Francesco
- de Silva Suresh
- Deacon Donna
- Deacon Donna H.
- DeBenedette Mark
- Declerck Paul
- Decock Julie
- DeFalco Jeff
- Dela Cruz Filemon
- Delgoffe Greg
- Delgoffe Greg M.
- Delogu Lucia
- Delorenzi Mauro
- Demaria Sandra
- Deng Liang
- Deng Weiwen
- Deng Wentao
- Denies Sofie
- Denis Caroline
- Desbien Anthony L.
- deVries Michele
- Dhupkar Pooja
- Diab Adi
- Diaz Luis
- DiCostanzo AriCeli
- Diede Scott J.
- Dietz Allan B.
- Dillhoff Mary
- Dillon Patrick
- Dilworth Ryan
- Dimberg Anna
- Ding Yueyun
- Doberstein Stephen K.
- Dobkin Julie
- Doener Fatma
- Dolegowska Barbara
- Doleschall Zoltan
- Doman Thompson
- Dominguez George
- Donahue Renee
- Dorsey Frank Charles
- Dovedi Simon
- Downs-Canner Stephanie
- Drake Charles
- Drake Charles G.
- Driessens Gregory
- Driscoll Kyla
- Druker Brian J.
- Dubensky Thomas W.
- Dudimah Duafalia
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- Whetstone Ryan
- White James
- White-Stern Ashley
- Whiteside Melinda
- Whiting Chan C.
- Wicha Max S.
- Wieckowski Eva
- Wijeratne Kithsiri
- Wilhite Tyler
- Wilkinson Robert W.
- Williams Matthew
- Williamson Kevin
- Willingham Stephen
- Wilson James M.
- Wilson Nicholas
- Winters Kevin
- Withers Sita
- Wittig Burghardt
- Wolchok Jedd D.
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- Won Haejung
- Wong Chihunt
- Wong Deborah J.
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- Wong Kenneth R.
- Wong Michael KK
- Wood Laura
- Woodside Darren G.
- Workman Creg
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- Wu Dongyun
- Wu Jennifer
- Wu Yeting
- Wyant Timothy
- Wythes Martin
- Xi Biao
- Xia Leiming
- Xia Yang
- Xiang Bo
- Xiao Christine
- Xiao Hong
- Xiao Zhilan
- Xu Chun-wei
- Xu Chunxiao
- Xu Guifen
- Xu Xiaomei
- Xu Xin
- Xu Ya-Ming
- Xu Yitong
- Yadav Mahesh
- Yagiz Kader
- Yamashiro Darrell J.
- Yan Jian
- Yang Chou
- Yang Ning
- Yang Zane
- Yano Hiroshi
- Yao Shiyin
- Ye Yun-bin
- Yin Catherine
- Ylösmäki Erkko
- Young Gregory
- Young Kristina
- Young Rob
- Young Steve W.
- Youssoufian Hagop
- Yu Huakui
- Yu Ling
- Yu Naichen
- Zafar Sadia
- Zalevsky Jonathan
- Zappasodi Roberta
- Zauderer Maurice
- Zeh Herbert
- Zelenetz Andrew D.
- Zeng Weiping
- Zeng Xue
- Zha Yuanyuan
- Zhang Danhui
- Zhang Jing
- Zhang Ping
- Zhang Qifang
- Zhang Shannon S.
- Zhang Theresa
- Zhang Winter
- Zhang Yanping
- Zhao Fei
- Zhao Leyna
- Zhao Xingli
- Zheng Lianxing
- Zheng Wenxin
- Zheng Xianxian
- Zheng Yi
- Zhong Hong
- Zhou Li
- Zhou Xiangjun
- Zippelius Alfred
- Zloza Andrew
- Zou Jun
- Zuba-Surma Ewa
- Zubkova Olga
- Zureikat Amer
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 03/01/2017
- Field of study
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdelhaq Rami
- Abhinav Diwan
- Abraham Acevedo-Arozena
- Adalberto Merighi
- Adi Kimchi
- Adrian L. Harris
- Agnieszka Sirko
- Ahlberg J
- Ai Yamamoto
- Aimable Nahimana
- Aimee L. Edinger
- Aimin Wang
- Akiko Iwasaki
- Akio Kihara
- Akitsugu Yamamoto
- Aksam EB
- Alan Cheng
- Albert R. La Spada
- Alberto Jiménez
- Alec C. Kimmelman
- Ales Gregorc
- Alessandro Fanzani
- Alexander J. Whitworth
- Alexandra N. Giatromanolaki
- Alexandru Almasan
- Alexei Degterev
- Alexei Terman
- Alfred J. Meijer
- Alicia Meléndez
- Alison Simmons
- Allan B. Caplan
- Allan Tsung
- Allen Kaasik
- Alvin J.X. Lee
- Amal O. Amer
- Amber N. Hale
- Ameeta Kelekar
- Amy A. Kiger
- Ana Brennand
- Ana Coto-Montes
- Ana Maria Cuervo
- Ana Milojkovic
- Anas Younes
- Anastasis Stephanou
- Anders H. Lund
- Andrea Ballabio
- Andreas Brech
- Andreas Mayer
- Andreas S. Reichert
- Andreas Wyttenbach
- Andrei L. Gartel
- Andrew J. Halayko
- Andrew Lieberman
- Andrew Thorburn
- Andriy A. Sibirny
- Andriy Nemchenko
- Angelika A. Noegel
- Angelo De Milito
- Angelo Poletti
- Anil K. Sood
- Anil Prasad
- Ann Progulske-Fox
- Anna Katharina Simon
- Anna M. Giammarioli
- Anna M. Krichevsky
- Anna Nogalska
- Anna S. Gukovskaya
- Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
- Anne Simonsen
- Annie M. Joubert
- Anthony H.V. Schapira
- Anthony M.J. Sanchez
- Antoinette Lemoine
- Antonio Musarò
- Antonio Piras
- Antonio Zorzano
- Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
- Arthi Kanthasamy
- Ashok Kumar
- Assaf Rudich
- Atsuhiro Ichihara
- Atsuo Amano
- Attila L. Kovács
- Audrey Esclatine
- Augustine M.K. Choi
- Ausra Sasnauskiene
- Aviva M. Tolkovsky
- Baharia Mograbi
- Bakhos A. Tannous
- Barry Ganetzky
- Bassam Janji
- Beat C. Bornhauser
- Beat Nyfeler
- Beata Sikorska
- Behzad Yeganeh
- Ben A. Bahr
- Ben C.B. Ko
- Benjamin Dehay
- Benjamin Loos
- Berger B
- Bertrand Joseph
- Bertrand Mollereau
- Beth Levine
- BethAnn McLaughlin
- Biederbick A
- Binfeng Lu
- Bingren Hu
- Bingwei Lu
- Biolo G
- Birmingham CL
- Birmingham CL
- Björn Stork
- Bjørkøy G
- Bo Liu
- Bo Lu
- Boon-Huat Bay
- Boris Turk
- Boris Zhivotovsky
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- Brown CR
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- Bruce H. Reed
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- Bryan Bellaire
- Bulent Ozpolat
- Byung-Wan Lee
- Bärbel Rohrer
- Bélanger M
- Cam Patterson
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- Carmine Settembre
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- Caroline A. Whitehouse
- Catherine McDermott
- Cathleen R. Carlin
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- Chan EY
- Chang Hwa Jung
- Changlian Zhu
- Chanhee Kang
- Chao-Yu Miao
- Charbel E.-H. Moussa
- Charleen T. Chu
- Charles Grose
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- Charles Swanton
- Chee-Yin Chai
- Chenghan Wu
- Chenguang Wang
- Chengyu Liang
- Cheol O. Joe
- Cheol-Heui Yun
- Chera S
- Cheryl L. Walker
- Chi Hin Cho
- Chi-Ming Che
- Chia-Yi Kuan
- Chiara Di Pietro
- Chien-an A. Hu
- Chihiro Sasakawa
- Ching-Chow Chen
- Chiou-Feng Lin
- Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Christian Behl
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- Colombo MI
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- Congcong He
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- Corey Nislow
- Cornelis A.M. de Haan
- Craig B. Thompson
- Craig M. Walsh
- Cristiano Simone
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- Cuervo AM
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- Dalibor Mijaljica
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- Patrick Legembre
- Patrizia Agostinis
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- Paul B. Fisher
- Paul Dent
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- Peter Strålfors
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- Qiuhong Duan
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- Ralph A. Nixon
- Ralph Feuer
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- Ramon Corbalan
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- Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Regine Schneider-Stock
- Rejko Krüger
- Renaud Legouis
- Reuben J. Shaw
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- Richard A. Lockshin
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- Richard D. Vierstra
- Richard J. Youle
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- Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
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- Scott J. Bultman
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- Stephan T. Stern
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- Zahra Zakeri
- Zelda H. Cheung
- Zhang H
- Zhen Fan
- Zhen Lu
- Zhen-Bo Wang
- Zheng Dong
- Zheng-Hong Qin
- Zhenyu Yue
- Zhi-Jun Sun
- Zhi-Min Yuan
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- Zhiping Xie
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- Åsa B. Gustafsson
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- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T
- Acevedo Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre Ghiso Julio A
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait Si Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al Younes Hesham M
- Al Zeer Munir A
- Albert Matthew L
- Albin Roger L
- Alegre Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K
- Anoopkumar Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y. O
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- B\ue1nhegyi G\ue1bor
- B\ue9chet Daniel M
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K
- Baehrecke Eric H
- Bahr Ben A
- Bai Xue Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A
- Bampton Edward T. W
- Bartholomew Clinton R
- Bassham Diane C
- Bast Robert C
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro S\ue9bastien
- Bhatia Kissova Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S
- Boise Lawrence H
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C
- Bortoluci Karina R
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Bourquin Jean Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer Guittaut Micha\uebl
- Bozhkov Peter V
- Brady Nathan R
- BRANCOLINI Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L
- Brookes Paul S
- Brown Eric J
- Brumell John H
- Brunetti Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T
- Bulman Dennis E
- Bultman Scott J
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahov\ue1 Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B
- Carding Simon R
- Cardoso Sandra M
- Carew Jennifer S
- Carlin Cathleen R
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A. M
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han Jung
- Chai Chee Yin
- Chan David C
- Chan Edmond Y
- Chang Raymond Chuen Chung
- Che Chi Ming
- Chen Ching Chow
- Chen Guang Chao
- Chen Guo Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S. L
- Chen Wenli
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H. K
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih Shen
- Chiou Shih Hwa
- Chisari Francis V
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong Hyung
- Choi Augustine M. K
- Choi Dooseok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung Hsien
- Chueh Sheau Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong Joon
- Chye Mee Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R
- Clague Michael J
- Clark Robert S. B
- Clarke Peter G. H
- Clarke Robert
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A
- Colombo Mar\ueda I
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
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- Coto Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P
- Cregg James M
- Crespo Jos\ue9 L
- Cronj\ue9 Marianne J
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J
- Czaja Mark J
- D'Amelio Marcello
- D\uedaz Araya Guillermo
- D\uedaz Laviada In\ue9s
- Darfeuille Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M
- Davies Faith E
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F
- de Haan Cornelis A. M
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M. D
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel J\uf6rn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D
- Devenish Rodney J
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz Meco Maria T
- Diaz Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh Kumar Savithramma P
- Ding Wen Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marl\ue8ne
- Drew Mark E
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Edelstein Charles L
- Edinger Aimee L
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El Deiry Wafik S
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- F\ue9s\ufcs L\ue1szl\uf3
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farr\ue9 Jean Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo Pereira Maria E
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A
- Fisher Paul B
- Flajolet Marc
- Florez McClure Maria L
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
- Fowler Daniel H
- Fox Howard S
- Franco Rodrigo
- Frankel Lisa B
- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes Jos\ue9 M
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G
- Gao Fen Biao
- Gao George F
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Manero Guillermo
- Garcia Marcos Mikel
- Garcia Lorena
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R
- Gegg Matthew E
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N
- Gibson Spencer B
- Gilkerson Robert W
- Ginger Michael L
- Ginsberg Henry N
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora C\ue9line
- Gonz\ue1lez Est\ue9vez Cristina
- Gonz\ue1lez Polo Rosa Ana
- Gonzalez Rey Elena
- Gonzalez Claudio D
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gorbunov Nikolai V
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D
- Green Kim N
- Gregorc Ale\u161
- Gros Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun Lin
- Guan Kun Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M
- Gukovskaya Anna S
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Asa B
- H\ue9bert Marie Jose\ue9
- H\uf6hfeld J\uf6rg
- H\uf8yer Hansen Maria
- Halayko Andrew J
- Hale Amber N
- Halonen Sandra K
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E
- Harper J. Wade
- Harris Adrian L
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A
- Hayashi Shin ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A
- He Congcong
- He You Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A
- Helfrich Miep H
- Helgason Gudmundur V
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- Herman Brian
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- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G
- Holyoake Tessa L
- Hong Ming Huang
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- Hotamisligil G\uf6khan S
- Houwerzijl Ewout J
- Hu Bingren
- Hu Chien An A
- Hu Hong Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei Pang
- Huber Tobias B
- Huh Won Ki
- Hung Tai Ho
- Hupp Ted R
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B
- Hussain Sabah N. A
- Hussey Patrick J
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L
- Ip Nancy Y
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- J\ue4\ue4ttel\ue4 Marja
- Jaakkola Panu M
- Jackson George R
- Jackson William T
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju Hong
- Jeung Eui Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jim\ue9nez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan
- Joe Cheol O
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E
- Johnson Gail V. W
- Jones Nicola L
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K
- Joubert Annie M
- Juh\ue1sz G\ue1bor
- Juillerat Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong Keun
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kagedal Katarina
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O
- Kampinga Harm H
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
- Kang Khong Bee
- Kang Kwang Il
- Kang Rui
- Kang Yoon A
- Kanki Tomotake
- Kanneganti Thirumala Devi
- Kanno Haruo
- Kanthasamy Anumantha G
- Kanthasamy Arthi
- Karantza Vassiliki
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- Kiel Jan A. K. W
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- Kim Deok Ryong
- Kim Do Hyung
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- Kim Eun Kyoung
- Kim Hyung Ryong
- Kim Jae Sung
- Kim Jeong Hun
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- Kim Yong Sun
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- Klimecki Walter T
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- Kominami Eiki
- Kong Hee Jeong
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- Kotake Yaichiro
- Koukourakis Michael I
- Kouri Flores Juan B
- Kov\ue1cs Attila L
- Kr\ue4mer Helmut
- Kr\ufcger Rejko
- Kraft Claudine
- Krainc Dimitri
- Kretz Remy Carole
- Krichevsky Anna M
- Kroemer Guido
- Krut Oleg
- Ktistakis Nicholas T
- Kuan Chia Yi
- Kucharczyk Roza
- Kumar Ashok
- Kumar Raj
- Kumar Sharad
- Kundu Mondira
- Kung Hsing Jien
- Kurz Tino
- Kwon Ho Jeong
- L\u151w Peter
- L\ue1szl\uf3 Lajos
- L\uf3pez Ot\uedn Carlos
- La Spada Albert R
- Lafont Frank
- Lamark Trond
- Landry Jacques
- Lane Jon D
- Lapaquette Pierre
- Laporte Jocelyn F
- Lavandero Sergio
- Lavoie Jos\ue9e N
- Layfield Robert
- Lazo Pedro A
- Le Cam Laurent
- Le Weidong
- Ledbetter Daniel J
- Lee Alvin J. X
- Lee Byung Wan
- Lee Gyun Min
- Lee Jongdae
- Lee Ju Hyun
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- Lee Sug Hyung
- Leeuwenburgh Christiaan
- Legembre Patrick
- Legouis Renaud
- Lehmann Michael
- Lei Huan Yao
- Lei Qun Ying
- Leib David A
- Leiro Jos\ue9
- Lemasters John J
- Lemoine Antoinette
- Lesniak Maciej S
- Lev Dina
- Levenson Victor V
- Levine Beth
- Levy Efrat
- Li Faqiang
- Li Jun Lin
- Li Lian
- Li Sheng
- Li Weijie
- Li Xue Jun
- Li Yan bo
- Li Yi Ping
- Liang Chengyu
- Liang Qiangrong
- Liao Yung Feng
- Liberski Pawel P
- Lieberman Andrew
- Lim Hyunjung J
- Lim Kah Leong
- Lim Kyu
- Lin Chiou Feng
- Lin Fu Cheng
- Lin Jian
- Lin Jiandie D
- Lin Kui
- Lin Wan Wan
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- Lingor Paul
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- Liu Bo
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- Liu Yule
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- Lonial Sagar
- Loos Benjamin
- Lopez Berestein Gabriel
- Lossi Laura
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- Lu Binfeng
- Lu Bingwei
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- Lu Zhen
- Luciano Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Lukacs Nicholas W
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- M\ufcnger Karl
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- Motyl Tomasz
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- Muller Sylviane
- Murphy Leon O
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- Musar\uf2 Antonio
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- Nagata Eiichiro
- Nagata Kazuhiro
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- Nair Usha
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- Nakahira Kiichi
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- Nanjundan Meera
- Naqvi Naweed I
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- Ozpolat Bulent
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- S\ue1nchez Prieto Ricardo
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- Sadoshima Junichi
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- Sakagami Hiroshi
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- Sass Mikl\uf3s
- Sato Ken
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- Sch\ue4tzl Hermann M
- Sch\ufcller Christoph
- Schapira Anthony H. V
- Scharl Michael
- Scheper Wiep
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- Schneider Marion E
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- Stendel Ruediger
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- Sternberg Cinthya
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- Subauste Carlos S
- Sui Xinbing
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- Sun Jiaren
- Sun Shi Yong
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- Suzuki Kuninori
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- Swanton Charles
- Sweeney Sean T
- Sy Lai King
- Szabadkai Gyorgy
- T\uf6nges Lars
- Tabas Ira
- Taegtmeyer Heinrich
- Tafani Marco
- Tak\ue1cs Vellai Krisztina
- Takano Yoshitaka
- Takegawa Kaoru
- Takemura Genzou
- Takeshita Fumihiko
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- Tan Kevin S. W
- Tanaka Keiji
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- Viscomi Maria Teresa
- Voitsekhovskaja Olga V
- von Haefen Clarissa
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- Wada Keiji
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- Wang Jin
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- Wang Mei
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- Yamamoto Ai
- Yamamoto Akitsugu
- Yamashina Shunhei
- Yamashita Michiaki
- Yan Xianghua
- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng Chao
- Yao Tso Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei Lien
- Yin Jia jing
- Yin Xiao Ming
- Yoo Ook Joon
- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
- Youle Richard J
- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh Herbert J
- Zeitlin Scott O
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing Pu
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei Guo
- Zhu Xiao Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke J\ufcrgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C.
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T.
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M.
- Al-Zeer Munir A.
- Albert Matthew L.
- Albin Roger L.
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi K.
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O.
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P.
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y.O.
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K.
- Baehrecke Eric H.
- Bahr Ben A.
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A.
- Bampton Edward T.W.
- Bartholomew Clinton R.
- Bassham Diane C.
- Bast Robert C.
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J.
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J.
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro Sébastien
- Bhatia-Kiššová Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S.
- Boise Lawrence H.
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C.
- Bortoluci Karina R.
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Frédéric
- Bourquin Jean-Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer-Guittaut Michaël
- Bozhkov Peter V.
- Brady Nathan R
- Brancolini Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E.
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H.
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L.
- Brookes Paul S.
- Brown Eric J.
- Brumell John H.
- Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T.
- Bulman Dennis E.
- Bultman Scott J.
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F.
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P.
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P.
- Béchet Daniel M.
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahová Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo-Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos-Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B.
- Carding Simon R.
- Cardoso Sandra M.
- Carew Jennifer S.
- Carlin Cathleen R.
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A.M.
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A.
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han-Jung
- Chai Chee-Yin
- Chan David C.
- Chan Edmond Y.
- Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung
- Che Chi-Ming
- Chen Ching-Chow
- Chen Guang-Chao
- Chen Guo-Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S.-L.
- Chen WenLi
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye-Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu-Jen
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- Wang Aimin
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Dawei
- Wang Fan
- Wang Guanghui
- Wang Haichao
- Wang Hong-Gang
- Wang Horng-Dar
- Wang Jin
- Wang Ke
- Wang Mei
- Wang Richard C.
- Wang Xinglong
- Wang Xiujie J.
- Wang Ying-Jan
- Wang Yipeng
- Wang Zhen-Bo
- Wang Zhigang Charles
- Wang Zhinong
- Wansink Derick G.
- Ward Diane M.
- Watada Hirotaka
- Waters Sarah L.
- Webster Paul
- Wei Lixin
- Weihl Conrad C.
- Weiss William A
- Welford Scott M.
- Wen Long-Ping
- Whitehouse Caroline A.
- Whitton J. Lindsay
- Whitworth Alexander J.
- Wileman Tom
- Wiley John W.
- Wilkinson Simon
- Willbold Dieter
- Williams Roger L.
- Williamson Peter R.
- Wouters Bradly G.
- Wu Chenghan
- Wu Dao-Cheng
- Wu William K.K.
- Wyttenbach Andreas
- Xavier Ramnik J.
- Xi Zhijun
- Xia Pu
- Xiao Gengfu
- Xie Zhiping
- Xie Zhonglin
- Xu Da-zhi
- Xu Jianzhen
- Xu Liang
- Xu Xiaolei
- Yamamoto Ai
- Yamamoto Akitsugu
- Yamashina Shunhei
- Yamashita Michiaki
- Yan Xianghua
- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun-Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin-Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng-Chao
- Yao Tso-Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei-Lien
- Yin Jia-jing
- Yin Xiao-Ming
- Yoo Ook-Joon
- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung-Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
- Youle Richard J
- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong-Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi-Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol-Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh III Herbert J.
- Zeitlin Scott O.
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui-Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing-Pu
- Zhang Jue
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming-Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi-Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J.
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong-Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke Jürgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C.
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T.
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M.
- Al-Zeer Munir A.
- Albert Matthew L.
- Albin Roger L.
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi K.
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O.
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P.
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y.O.
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K.
- Baehrecke Eric H.
- Bahr Ben A.
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A.
- Bampton Edward T.W.
- Bartholomew Clinton R.
- Bassham Diane C.
- Bast Robert C.
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J.
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J.
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro Sébastien
- Bhatia-Kiššová Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S.
- Boise Lawrence H.
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C.
- Bortoluci Karina R.
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Frédéric
- Bourquin Jean-Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer-Guittaut Michaël
- Bozhkov Peter V.
- Brady Nathan R
- Brancolini Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E.
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H.
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L.
- Brookes Paul S.
- Brown Eric J.
- Brumell John H.
- Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T.
- Bulman Dennis E.
- Bultman Scott J.
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F.
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P.
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P.
- Béchet Daniel M.
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahová Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo-Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos-Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B.
- Carding Simon R.
- Cardoso Sandra M.
- Carew Jennifer S.
- Carlin Cathleen R.
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A.M.
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A.
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han-Jung
- Chai Chee-Yin
- Chan David C.
- Chan Edmond Y.
- Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung
- Che Chi-Ming
- Chen Ching-Chow
- Chen Guang-Chao
- Chen Guo-Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S.-L.
- Chen WenLi
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye-Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu-Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H.K.
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae-Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess-Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H.
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui-Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih-Shen
- Chiou Shih-Hwa
- Chisari Francis V.
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong-Hyung
- Choi Augustine MK
- Choi DooSeok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E.
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung-Hsien
- Chueh Sheau-Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong-Joon
- Chye Mee-Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R.
- Clague Michael J.
- Clark Robert S.B.
- Clarke Peter G.H.
- Clarke Robert B
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A.
- Colombo María I.
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R.
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto-Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P.
- Cregg James M.
- Crespo José L.
- Cronjé Marianne J.
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J.
- Czaja Mark J.
- D'Amelio Marcello
- Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M.
- Davies Faith E.
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F.
- de Haan Cornelis A.M.
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M.D.
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel Jörn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D.
- Devenish Rodney J.
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz-Meco Maria T.
- Diaz-Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh-Kumar Savithramma P.
- Ding Wen-Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W.
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri-Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C.
- Dosenko Victor
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- Dreux Marlène
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- Duan Qiuhong
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- Duff Karen E.
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Díaz-Araya Guillermo
- Díaz-Laviada Inés
- Edelstein Charles L.
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- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
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- Ellerby Lisa M.
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- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi-Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farre Jean-Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G.
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo-Pereira Maria E.
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C.
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D.
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A.
- Fisher Paul B.
- Flajolet Marc
- Flores Juan B. Kouri
- Florez-McClure Maria L.
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
- Fowler Daniel H.
- Fox Howard S.
- Franco Rodrigo
- Frankel Lisa B.
- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes José M.
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H.
- Fésüs László
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G.
- Gao Fen-Biao
- Gao George F.
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Lorena
- Garcia-Manero Guillermo
- Garcia-Marcos Mikel
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L.
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R.
- Gegg Matthew E.
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E.
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M.
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N.
- Gibson Spencer B.
- Gilkerson Robert W.
- Ginger Michael L.
- Ginsberg Henry N.
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S.
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez-Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora Céline
- Gonzalez Claudio D.
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gonzalez-Rey Elena
- González-Estévez Cristina
- González-Polo Rosa Ana
- Gorbunov Nikolai V.
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D.
- Green Kim N.
- Gregorc Ales
- Gros Frédéric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W.
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun-Lin
- Guan Kun-Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M.
- Gukovskaya Anna S.
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Åsa B.
- Halayko Andrew J.
- Hale Amber N.
- Halonen Sandra K.
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K.
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E.
- Harper J. Wade
- Harris Adrian L.
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D.
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A.
- Hayashi Shin-ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A.
- He Congcong
- He You-Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A.
- Helfrich Miep H.
- Helgason Gudmundur V.
- Henske Elizabeth P.
- Herman Brian
- Herman Paul K.
- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J.
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G.
- Holyoake Tessa L.
- Hong Ming-Huang
- Hood David A.
- Hotamisligil Gökhan S.
- Houwerzijl Ewout J.
- Hu Bingren
- Hu Chien-an A.
- Hu Hong-Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei-Pang
- Huber Tobias B.
- Huh Won-Ki
- Hung Tai-Ho
- Hupp Ted R.
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B.
- Hussain Sabah N.A.
- Hussey Patrick J.
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Hébert Marie-Josée
- Höhfeld Jörg
- Høyer-Hansen Maria
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L.
- Ip Nancy Y.
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken-ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- Jaakkola Panu M.
- Jackson George R.
- Jackson William T.
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju-Hong
- Jeung Eui-Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X.
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiménez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan V.
- Joe Cheol O.
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E.
- Johnson Gail V.W.
- Jones Nicola L.
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K.
- Joubert Annie M.
- Juhász Gábor
- Juillerat-Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong-Keun
- Jäättelä Marja
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O.
- Kampinga Harm H.
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
- Kang Khong Bee
- Kang Kwang Il
- Kang Rui
- Kang Yoon-A
- Kanki Tomotake
- Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi
- Kanno Haruo
- Kanthasamy Anumantha G.
- Kanthasamy Arthi
- Karantza Vassiliki
- Kaushal Gur P.
- Kaushik Susmita
- Kawazoe Yoshinori
- Ke Po-Yuan
- Kehrl John H.
- Kelekar Ameeta
- Kerkhoff Claus
- Kessel David H.
- Khalil Hany
- Kiel Jan A.K.W.
- Kiger Amy A.
- Kihara Akio
- Kim Deok Ryong
- Kim Do-Hyung
- Kim Dong-Hou
- Kim Eun-Kyoung
- Kim Hyung-Ryong
- Kim Jae-Sung
- Kim Jeong Hun
- Kim Jin Cheon
- Kim John K.
- Kim Peter K.
- Kim Seong Who
- Kim Yong-Sun
- Kim Yonghyun
- Kimchi Adi
- Kimmelman Alec C.
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- Kirkin Vladimir
- Kirshenbaum Lorrie A.
- Kitamoto Katsuhiko
- Kitazato Kaio
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- Klucken Jochen
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- Koch Jan C.
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- Kong Hee Jeong
- Kong Wei-Jia
- Korolchuk Viktor I.
- Kotake Yaichiro
- Koukourakis Michael I.
- Kovács Attila L
- Kraft Claudine
- Krainc Dimitri
- Kretz-Remy Carole
- Krichevsky Anna M.
- Kroemer Guido
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- Ktistakis Nicholas T.
- Kuan Chia-Yi
- Kucharczyk Roza
- Kumar Ashok
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- Kundu Mondira
- Kung Hsing-Jien
- Kurz Tino
- Kwon Ho Jeong
- Kågedal Katarina
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- Lee Myung-Shik
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- Lei Huan-Yao
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- Levy Efrat
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- Li Xue-Jun
- Li Yan-Bo
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- Liang Qiangrong
- Liao Yung-Feng
- Liberski Pawel P.
- Lieberman Andrew
- Lim Hyunjung J.
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- Lim Kyu
- Lin Chiou-Feng
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- Lin Kui
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- Lin Weei-Chin
- Lin Yi-Ling
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- Lingor Paul
- Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer
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- Liton Paloma B.
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- Liu Chun-Feng
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- Liu Wei
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- Lok Chun-Nam
- Lonial Sagar
- Loos Benjamin
- Lopez-Berestein Gabriel
- Lossi Laura
- Lotze Michael T.
- Low Peter
- Lu Binfeng
- Lu Bingwei
- Lu Bo
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- Luciano Fréderic
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- László Lajos
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- Ma Yong
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- Madeo Frank
- Maiuri Luigi
- Maiuri Maria Chiara
- Malagoli Davide
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- Malorni Walter
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- Manov Irena
- Mao Kai
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- Marchbank Katie
- Marchetti Piero
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- Marcondes Mateus
- Mardi Mohsen
- Marfe Gabriella
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- Martinet Wim
- Martinez-Vicente Marta
- Masini Matilde
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- Matsuo Saburo
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- Merry Diane E.
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- Miao Chao-Yu
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- Michiels Carine
- Mijaljica Dalibor
- Milojkovic Ana
- Minucci Saverio
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- Mitroulis Ioannis
- Miyazawa Keisuke
- Mizushima Noboru
- Mograbi Baharia
- Mohseni Simin
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- Moscat Jorge
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- Moussa Charbel E.-H.
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- Musarò Antonio
- Mysorekar Indira
- Müller Sylke
- Münger Karl
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- Nair Usha
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- Naqvi Naweed I
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- Tian Yuan
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- Tomino Yasuhiko
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- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun-Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin-Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng-Chao
- Yao Tso-Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei-Lien
- Yin Jia-jing
- Yin Xiao-Ming
- Yoo Ook-Joon
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- Yoon Seung-Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
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- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong-Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi-Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol-Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh III Herbert J.
- Zeitlin Scott O.
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui-Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing-Pu
- Zhang Jue
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming-Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi-Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J.
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong-Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke Jürgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2012
- Field of study
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M
- Al-Zeer Munir A
- Albert Matthew L
- Albin Roger L
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y O
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K
- Baehrecke Eric H
- Bahr Ben A
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A
- Bampton Edward T W
- Bartholomew Clinton R
- Bassham Diane C
- Bast Robert C
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro Sébastien
- Bhatia-Kissova Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S
- Boise Lawrence H
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C
- Bortoluci Karina R
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Frédéric
- Bourquin Jean-Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer-Guittaut Michaël
- Bozhkov Peter V
- Brady Nathan R
- Brancolini Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L
- Brookes Paul S
- Brown Eric J
- Brumell John H
- Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T
- Bulman Dennis E
- Bultman Scott J
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P
- Bánhegyi Gábor
- Béchet Daniel M
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahová Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo-Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos-Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B
- Carding Simon R
- Cardoso Sandra M
- Carew Jennifer S
- Carlin Cathleen R
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A M
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han-Jung
- Chai Chee-Yin
- Chan David C
- Chan Edmond Y
- Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung
- Che Chi-Ming
- Chen Ching-Chow
- Chen Guang-Chao
- Chen Guo-Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S-L
- Chen Wenli
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye-Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu-Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H K
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae-Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess-Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui-Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih-Shen
- Chiou Shih-Hwa
- Chisari Francis V
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong-Hyung
- Choi Augustine M K
- Choi Dooseok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung-Hsien
- Chueh Sheau-Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong-Joon
- Chye Mee-Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R
- Clague Michael J
- Clark Robert S B
- Clarke Peter G H
- Clarke Robert
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A
- Colombo María I
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto-Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P
- Cregg James M
- Crespo José L
- Cronjé Marianne J
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J
- Czaja Mark J
- D'Amelio Marcello
- Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M
- Davies Faith E
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F
- de Haan Cornelis A M
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M D
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel Jörn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D
- Devenish Rodney J
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz-Meco Maria T
- Diaz-Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh-Kumar Savithramma P
- Ding Wen-Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri-Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marlène
- Drew Mark E
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Díaz-Araya Guillermo
- Díaz-Laviada Inés
- Edelstein Charles L
- Edinger Aimee L
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El-Deiry Wafik S
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna-Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi-Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farré Jean-Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo-Pereira Maria E
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A
- Fisher Paul B
- Flajolet Marc
- Florez-McClure Maria L
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
- Fowler Daniel H
- Fox Howard S
- Franco Rodrigo
- Frankel Lisa B
- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes José M
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H
- Fésüs László
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G
- Gao Fen-Biao
- Gao George F
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Lorena
- Garcia-Manero Guillermo
- Garcia-Marcos Mikel
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R
- Gegg Matthew E
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N
- Gibson Spencer B
- Gilkerson Robert W
- Ginger Michael L
- Ginsberg Henry N
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez-Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora Céline
- Gonzalez Claudio D
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gonzalez-Rey Elena
- González-Estévez Cristina
- González-Polo Rosa Ana
- Gorbunov Nikolai V
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D
- Green Kim N
- Gregorc Aleš
- Gros Frédéric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun-Lin
- Guan Kun-Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M
- Gukovskaya Anna S
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Asa B
- Halayko Andrew J
- Hale Amber N
- Halonen Sandra K
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E
- Harper J Wade
- Harris Adrian L
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A
- Hayashi Shin-ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A
- He Congcong
- He You-Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A
- Helfrich Miep H
- Helgason Gudmundur V
- Henske Elizabeth P
- Herman Brian
- Herman Paul K
- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G
- Holyoake Tessa L
- Hong Ming-Huang
- Hood David A
- Hotamisligil Gökhan S
- Houwerzijl Ewout J
- Hu Bingren
- Hu Chien-An A
- Hu Hong-Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei-Pang
- Huber Tobias B
- Huh Won-Ki
- Hung Tai-Ho
- Hupp Ted R
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B
- Hussain Sabah N A
- Hussey Patrick J
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Hébert Marie-Joseé
- Höhfeld Jörg
- Høyer-Hansen Maria
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L
- Ip Nancy Y
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken-ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- Jaakkola Panu M
- Jackson George R
- Jackson William T
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju-Hong
- Jeung Eui-Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiménez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan
- Joe Cheol O
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E
- Johnson Gail V W
- Jones Nicola L
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K
- Joubert Annie M
- Juhász Gábor
- Juillerat-Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong-Keun
- Jäättelä Marja
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kagedal Katarina
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O
- Kampinga Harm H
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
- Kang Khong Bee
- Kang Kwang Il
- Kang Rui
- Kang Yoon-A
- Kanki Tomotake
- Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi
- Kanno Haruo
- Kanthasamy Anumantha G
- Kanthasamy Arthi
- Karantza Vassiliki
- Kaushal Gur P
- Kaushik Susmita
- Kawazoe Yoshinori
- Ke Po-Yuan
- Kehrl John H
- Kelekar Ameeta
- Kerkhoff Claus
- Kessel David H
- Khalil Hany
- Kiel Jan A K W
- Kiger Amy A
- Kihara Akio
- Kim Deok Ryong
- Kim Do-Hyung
- Kim Dong-Hou
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In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field