Complete Annotated Genome Sequences of Four Klebsiella pneumoniae Phages Isolated from Sewage in Poland

Four lytic phages, vB_KpnP_BIS33, vB_KpnP_IL33, and vB_KpnP_PRA33 of the Podoviridae family and vB_KpnM_BIS47 of the Myoviridae family, which act against animal-pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, were isolated from sewage plants in Poland. They possess double-stranded DNA genomes of 41,697 bp, 41,335 bp, 40,605 bp, and 147,443 bp, respectively

Pendidikan Agama Islam pada anak di lingkungan pelacuran: Studi fenomenologi perspektif dramaturgi warga resosialisasi Suko, Kecamatan Sumberpucung Kabupaten Malang

ABSTRAK Pendidikan, pada hakikatnya adalah suatu upaya untuk menjadikan manusia lebih mengenal dirinya dan bermakna serta bermanfaat bagi yang lainnya. Setiap manusia berhak memperoleh pendidikan, tidak terkecuali siapapun, kapanpun, dan di manapun. Pendidikan yang baik akan menjadikan manusia lebih bermartabat, Namun, pada kenyataanya tidak semua manusia bisa mendapatkan pendidikan yang baik, terkadang perbedaan sosial menjadi sekat akan batasan-batasan manusia memperoleh pendidikan. Dalam lingkungan Resosialisasi Suko, Sumberpucung, Malang, anak yang berada di wilayah tersebut, sulit untuk tumbuh berkembang seperti kebanyakan anak pada biasanya, khususnya pada masalah agama atau spiritual, mereka cenderung mengikuti pola kebiasaan yang ada pada lingkungan sekitar mereka berada, yang mana hal tersebut tidak sesuai dengan tujuan pembentukan moral pada diri anak.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui; (1) bagaimana definisi agama menurut warga (2) bagaimana pelaksanaan pendidikan agama islam pada anak di resosialisasi Suko. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Tradisi fenomenologi perspektif dramaturgi. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam merumuskan hasil penelitian ini dengan mengunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan informasi dokumenter. Setelah data terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa agama menurut warga resosialisasi Suko penting namun ada beberapa faktor yang menjadikan aplikasi dari pemahaman agama tersebut kurang dilaksanakan. . Pendidikan agama Islam pada anak di resosialisasi Suko, rt 29 bahwa kondisi tersebut merupakan fenomena kehidupan yang terjadi pada anak didik kompleks pelacuran dihadapkan pada berbagai masalah yang bersumber dari lingkungan internal dan ekstrenal yang cukup memprihatinkan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan kepada pihak-pihak yang terkait terhadap masalah pendidikan anak, khususnya kepada para orang tua, masyarakat dan pemerintah setempat agar lebih berupaya dalam menciptakan tujuan tersebut. Jika negara mempunyai tujuan untuk mencerdaskan anak bangsa, seharusnya seluruh anak- anak yang berada di lingkungan kurang mendukung lebih diperhatikan lagi, karena itu merupakan tanggung jawab negara.Komisi perlindungan anak harus berupaya lebih keras dalam mendeteksi masalah-masalah yang kerap kali dibiarkan sehingga anak yang menjadi korban tindak laku amoral lebih mendapatkan keadilan. ABSTRACT Education, in essence is an attempt to make man more familiar with him and meaningful and beneficial for others. Every human being has the right to education, is no exception anyone, anytime, and anywhere. A good education will make more dignified human beings, however, the fact that not all humans can get a good education, sometimes the social differences will become bulkhead human limits to education. In an environment Resocialization Suko, Sumberpucung, Malang, children who are in the area, it is difficult for most children grow up like usual, especially in religious or spiritual problems, they tend to follow patterns that exist in the environment around them to be, which it incompatible with the purpose of moral formation in children . This study aims to determine: (1) how the definition of religion by citizens (2) how the implementation of Islamic religious education to children in the resocialization Suko. This study is a qualitative research. The tradition of phenomenology, dramaturgical perspective. Data collection methods used in formulating the results of this study by using interview techniques, observation and documentary information. After the data is collected and then analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results show that religion according to residents resocialization Suko important but there are several factors that make application of the understanding of religion is not implemented. Islamic religious education to children in the resocialization Suko, rt 29 that the condition of life is a phenomenon that occurs in complex prostitution students faced with various problems arising from the internal environment and ekstrenal are quite apprehensive. This study recommends that the parties related to the problem of children's education, especially to parents, communities and local governments to put more effort in creating the goal. If the state has the objective to educate the children of the nation, should all the children who are in an environment less supportive of more attention again, because it is the responsibility of child protection negara.Komisi should make greater efforts in detecting the problems that often are left so that children who become victims of unscrupulous behavior more to get justice

Quantifying the Confidence in fMRI-Based Language Lateralisation Through Laterality Index Deconstruction

Wegrzyn M, Mertens M, Bien C, Woermann FG, Labudda K. Quantifying the Confidence in fMRI-Based Language Lateralisation Through Laterality Index Deconstruction. Frontiers in Neurology. 2019;10: 655.In epilepsy patients, language lateralisation is an important part of the presurgical diagnostic process. Using task-based fMRI, language lateralisation can be determined by visual inspection of activity patterns or by quantifying the difference in left- and right-hemisphere activity using variations of a basic formula [(L-R)/(L+R)]. However, the values of this laterality index (LI) depend on the choice of activity thresholds and regions of interest. The diagnostic utility of the U also depends on how its continuous values are translated into categorical decisions about a patient's language lateralisation. Here, we analysed fMRI data from 712 epilepsy patients who performed a verbal fluency task. Each fMRI data set was evaluated by a trained human rater as depicting left-sided, right-sided, or bilateral lateralisation or as being inconclusive. We used data-driven methods to define the activity thresholds and regions of interest used for LI computation and to define a classification scheme that allowed us to translate the U values into categorical decisions. By deconstructing the LI into measures of laterality (L-R) and strength (L+R), we also modelled the relationship between activation strength and conclusiveness of a data set. In a held-out data set, predictions reached 91% correct when using only conclusive data and 82% when inconclusive data were included. Although only trained on human evaluations of fMRIs, the approach generalised to the prediction of language Wada test results, allowing for significant above-chance accuracies. Compared against different existing methods of U-computation, our approach improved the identification and exclusion of inconclusive cases and ensured that decisions for the remaining data could be made with consistently high accuracies. We discuss how this approach can support clinicians in assessing fMRI data on a single-case level, deciding whether lateralisation can be determined with sufficient certainty or whether additional information is needed

Novel Bradykinin Analogues Modified in the N-Terminal Part of the Molecule with a Variety of Acyl Substituents

In the current work we present some pharmacological characteristics of ten new analogues of bradykinin (Arg–Pro–Pro–Gly–Phe–Ser–Pro–Phe–Arg) modified in the N-terminal part of the molecule with a variety of acyl substituents. Of the many acylating agents used previously with B2 receptor antagonists, the following residues were chosen: 1-adamantaneacetic acid (Aaa), 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid (Aca), 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid (t-Bba), 4-aminobenzoic acid (Aba), 12-aminododecanoic acid (Adc), succinic acid (Sua), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. Biological activity of the compounds was assessed in the in vivo rat blood pressure test and the in vitro rat uterus test. Surprisingly, N-terminal substitution of the bradykinin peptide chain itself with aforementioned groups resulted in antagonists of bradykinin in the pressor test and suppressed agonistic potency in the uterotonic test. These interesting findings need further studies as they can be helpful for designing more potent B2 receptor blockers

The hidden identity of faces. A case of lifelong prosopagnosia

Wegrzyn M, Garlichs A, Heß RWK, Woermann FG, Labudda K. The hidden identity of faces. A case of lifelong prosopagnosia. BMC Psychology. 2019;7(1): 4.Background Not being able to recognize a person’s face is a highly debilitating condition from which people with developmental prosopagnosia (DP) suffer their entire life. Here we describe the case of J, a 30 year old woman who reports being unable to recognize her parents, her husband, or herself in the mirror. Case presentation We set out to assess the severity of J’s prosopagnosia using tests with unfamiliar as well as familiar faces and investigated whether impaired configural processing explains her deficit. To assess the specificity of the impairment, we tested J’s performance when evaluating emotions, intentions, and the attractiveness and likability of faces. Detailed testing revealed typical brain activity patterns for faces and normal object recognition skills, and no evidence of any brain injury. However, compared to a group of matched controls, J showed severe deficits in learning new faces, and in recognizing familiar faces when only inner features were available. Her recognition of uncropped faces with blurred features was within the normal range, indicating preserved configural processing when peripheral features are available. J was also unimpaired when evaluating intentions and emotions in faces. In line with healthy controls, J rated more average faces as more attractive. However, she was the only one to rate them as less likable, indicating a preference for more distinctive and easier to recognize faces. Conclusions Taken together, the results illustrate both the severity and the specificity of DP in a single case. While DP is a heterogeneous disorder, an inability to integrate the inner features of the face into a whole might be the best explanation for the difficulties many individuals with prosopagnosia experience

Drought tolerance in Pinus halepensis seed sources as identified by distinctive physiological and molecular markers

[EN] Drought is one of the main constraints determining forest species growth, survival and productivity, and therefore one of the main limitations for reforestation or afforestation. The aim of this study is to characterize the drought response at the physiological and molecular level of different Pinus halepensis (common name Aleppo pine) seed sources, previously characterized in field trials as drought-sensitive or drought-tolerant. This approach aims to identify different traits capable of predicting the ability of formerly uncharacterized seedlings to cope with drought stress. Gas-exchange, water potential, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free amino acids, glutathione and proteomic analyses were carried out on control and drought-stressed seedlings in greenhouse conditions. Gas-exchange determinations were also assessed in field-planted seedlings in order to validate the greenhouse experimental conditions. Drought-tolerant seed sources presented higher values of photosynthetic rates, water use efficiency, photosynthetic pigments and soluble carbohydrates concentrations. We observed the same pattern of variation of photosynthesis rate and maximal efficiency of PSII in field. Interestingly drought-tolerant seed sources exhibited increased levels of glutathione, methionine and cysteine. The proteomic profile of drought tolerant seedlings identified two heat shock proteins and an enzyme related to methionine biosynthesis that were not present in drought sensitive seedlings, pointing to the synthesis of sulfur amino acids as a limiting factor for drought tolerance in Pinus halepensis. Our results established physiological and molecular traits useful as distinctive markers to predict drought tolerance in Pinus halepensis provenances that could be reliably used in reforestation programs in drought prone areas.This study is a part of the research project: "Application of molecular biology techniques in forest restoration in Mediterranean environments, PAID-05-11" funded by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), program for supporting R&D of new multidisciplinary research lines. The authors are grateful to the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad AGL2014-57431-P. AV was supported by project Survive-2 (CGL2015-69773-C2-2-P MINECO/FEDER) by the Spanish Government and Prometeo program (DESESTRES-Generalitat Valenciana). CEAM is funded by Generalitat Valenciana.Taïbi, K.; Campo García, ADD.; Vilagrosa, A.; Belles Albert, JM.; López-Gresa, MP.; Pla, D.; Calvete Chornet, JJ.... (2017). 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Impaired neural processing of dynamic faces in left-onset Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects patients beyond the motor domain. According to previous evidence, one mechanism that may be impaired in the disease is face processing. However, few studies have investigated this process at the neural level in PD. Moreover, research using dynamic facial displays rather than static pictures is scarce, but highly warranted due to the higher ecological validity of dynamic stimuli. In the present study we aimed to investigate how PD patients process emotional and non-emotional dynamic face stimuli at the neural level using event-related potentials. Since the literature has revealed a predominantly right-lateralized network for dynamic face processing, we divided the group into patients with left (LPD) and right (RPD) motor symptom onset (right versus left cerebral hemisphere predominantly affected, respectively). Participants watched short video clips of happy, angry, and neutral expressions and engaged in a shallow gender decision task in order to avoid confounds of task difficulty in the data. In line with our expectations, the LPD group showed significant face processing deficits compared to controls. While there were no group differences in early, sensory-driven processing (fronto-central N1 and posterior P1), the vertex positive potential, which is considered the fronto-central counterpart of the face-specific posterior N170 component, had a reduced amplitude and delayed latency in the LPD group. This may indicate disturbances of structural face processing in LPD. Furthermore, the effect was independent of the emotional content of the videos. In contrast, static facial identity recognition performance in LPD was not significantly different from controls, and comprehensive testing of cognitive functions did not reveal any deficits in this group. We therefore conclude that PD, and more specifically the predominant right-hemispheric affection in left-onset PD, is associated with impaired processing of dynamic facial expressions, which could be one of the mechanisms behind the often reported problems of PD patients in their social lives

Thought experiment: Decoding cognitive processes from the fMRI data of one individual

Wegrzyn M, Aust J, Barnstorf L, et al. Thought experiment: Decoding cognitive processes from the fMRI data of one individual. PLOS ONE. 2018;13(9): e0204338.Cognitive processes, such as the generation of language, can be mapped onto the brain using fMRI. These maps can in turn be used for decoding the respective processes from the brain activation patterns. Given individual variations in brain anatomy and organization, analyzes on the level of the single person are important to improve our understanding of how cognitive processes correspond to patterns of brain activity. They also allow to advance clinical applications of fMRI, because in the clinical setting making diagnoses for single cases is imperative. In the present study, we used mental imagery tasks to investigate language production, motor functions, visuo-spatial memory, face processing, and resting-state activity in a single person. Analysis methods were based on similarity metrics, including correlations between training and test data, as well as correlations with maps from the NeuroSynth meta-analysis. The goal was to make accurate predictions regarding the cognitive domain (e.g. language) and the specific content (e.g. animal names) of single 30-second blocks. Four teams used the dataset, each blinded regarding the true labels of the test data. Results showed that the similarity metrics allowed to reach the highest degrees of accuracy when predicting the cognitive domain of a block. Overall, 23 of the 25 test blocks could be correctly predicted by three of the four teams. Excluding the unspecific rest condition, up to 10 out of 20 blocks could be successfully decoded regarding their specific content. The study shows how the information contained in a single fMRI session and in each of its single blocks can allow to draw inferences about the cognitive processes an individual engaged in. Simple methods like correlations between blocks of fMRI data can serve as highly reliable approaches for cognitive decoding. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of clinical fMRI applications, with a focus on how decoding can support functional localization

The angular gyrus and visuospatial attention in decision-making under risk

Recent neuroimaging studies on decision-making under risk indicate that the angular gyrus (AG) is sensitive to the probability and variance of outcomes during choice. A separate body of research has established the AG as a key area in visual attention. The current study used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in healthy volunteers to test whether the causal contribution of the AG to decision-making is independent of or linked to the guidance of visuospatial attention. A within-subject design compared decision making on a laboratory gambling task under three conditions: following rTMS to the AG, following rTMS to the premotor cortex (PMC, as an active control condition) and without TMS. The task presented two different trial types, ‘visual’ and ‘auditory’ trials, which entailed a high versus minimal demand for visuospatial attention, respectively. Our results showed a systematic effect of rTMS to the AG upon decision-making behavior in visual trials. Without TMS and following rTMS to the control region, decision latencies reflected the odds of winning; this relationship was disrupted by rTMS to the AG. In contrast, no significant effects of rTMS to the AG (or to the PMC) upon choice behavior in auditory trials were found. Thus, rTMS to the AG affected decision-making only in the task condition requiring visuospatial attention. The current findings suggest that the AG contributes to decision-making by guiding attention to relevant information about reward and punishment in the visual environment