A study on the effect of tyre rubber waste powder as partial sand replacement in cement mortar properties

Cement mortar is one of the most important materials widely used in construction industry. The production of cement mortar has a huge negative impact on nature and ecosystem. Many of nature based problems arises especially sand mining as sand is one of the main ingredient for cement mortar. Scrap tyres are also one of waste that drastically increasing day by day as the automobile industry progressing well. Improper disposal of waste tyre leads to pollutions and health issues. Hence, this research is carried out to help the industry to reduce the amount of waste at dump fill and also to reduce the dependency on sand solely in order to reduce sand mining which affects the nature and ecosystem. This research is basically to determine the effect of rubber waste powder content as partial sand replacement in cement mortar in terms of strength, workability and effect on temperature on rate of curing. The percentage of tyre rubber waste powder used to be tested were 0% (controlled), 5%, 10% and 15% .Total of five tests were conducted; compressive strength test, flexural test, flow table test, UPV test and temperature test. Prisms with size of (40 x 40 x 160) mm are used for flexural test and cube with the size of (50 x 50 x 50) mm used for the rest of the experiments. The compressive strength shows declination as the percentage of tyre rubber waste powder as sand replacement increases. The flexural test shows that 10% tyre rubber waste in cement mortar content has higher early strength on 3rd day but 5% has the highest flexural strength on 28th day has the highest compared to 10% and 15%. Flow table test indicates that the workability of the cement mortar increases as the percentage of tyre rubber waste increases in the cement mortar mix. UPV test shows that lesser the tyre rubber waste in cement mortar mix the lesser void and cracks exists. Temperature test shows that addition of tyre rubber waste powder increases the temperature of the fresh cement mortar. The optimum percentage of tyre rubber waste powder as sand replacement for the cement mortar in this research is 5%

Psychological Thoughts in Vedatriyar Literature

Thousands of years have passed since the beginning of the human race, and new ideas, needs and skills are increasing in the life of man every year. Vedatriyar's works convey people about the basic needs with love and compassion. Due to the defects of knowledge such as ignorance, indifference, and emotional age, the human race, who do not know what should be known by the nature of knowledge, were unconsciousness about four things such as material, fame, influence and pleasure. Vedatriyar's literary works taught about introspection and natural philosophical interpretation. Vedatriyar wished that the school and college students should be given morals, high culture, psychological thoughts, etc. as education and training methods at a young age. Vedatriyar's aim is that other educational programs should be based on this psychological training culture. In this article all the introspective exercises have been compiled in a way that is easy for everyone to understand. And the main purpose of this article is to introduce introspection exercises to the people of this world to make the human being a dignified one

Ethical Principles in the Eyes of Vedatthriar

Literature is a translation of the untiring experience of knowledge. The sandalwood forests are the books of literature that the generations meet and enjoy. When literature upholds the immortal truth, its language receives an ascent that will be cherished forever by all. The goal of literature is to shape the experiences of the respective periods with strategies and to direct the succeeding generations. The literature that regulates it is the literature of wisdom. After Thirumoolar and Vallalar, Vedatthriya literature is the literature of wisdom that we have got today. It informs mankind of the evolutionary history of man, his way of life, his future thoughts and actions, and the laws of how to set it up. Who am I, besides laying down the principles of morality, but also the simple exercise to maintain health, the kayakalpa (Transforming lifestyle free of diseases and aging) practices to protect vitality, the scientific methods of meditation to protect mental well-being and the introspection exercises for the sake of character, he has given the philosophy and the practice of Brahma Gnanam, the methods of imparting training for the study of thought, the conditioning of desire, the avoidance of anger, the elimination of anxiety, and the realization of the philosophy of effect. Moreover, he gave the world the motto of 'Long live World, long live with prosperity', removed the darkness of ignorance among the people through the above practices and gave the light of reason through vallalar's guidance, and gave the great art of yoga called yoga and human dignity. Lakhs of people not only in Tamil Nadu but also in various countries have learnt and benefited from this art form. It has also accepted the World Social Service Association as a qualified member of the Economic and Social Organization, a sub-body of the United Nations, which considers the principles of Vedatthriyam

EFFECTS OF YOGIC PRACTICE ON SELECTED BODY COMPOSITION VARIABLES AMONG MILD INTELLECTUALLY CHALLENGED PERSONS

Purpose of the study was to facilitate the Effects of yogic practices on selected body composition variables among intellectually challenged persons for this study twenty (N=20) male mild intellectually challenged persons were randomly selected as a subject from Paradise special school, Muttukadu in Chennai, India. Their Age ranged between 14-18 years. They were randomly divided in to two equal groups of ten (n=10) subjects each namely experimental group and Control group. Experimental group underwent to yogic practice for the period of twelve weeks and no training are given to the control group. Body composition variables such as Body Mass Index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%) were selected as dependent variables and independent variables were only yoga. The data was collected before and after the experimental treatment period. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) statistical technique was used in this study. It was concluded that Body Mass Index (BMI) and percent body fat (%) level of experimental group were significantly altered due to the influence of twelve weeks practices of yoga when compare with control group of mild intellectually challenged persons.  Article visualizations

Cultural thoughts from Vedatriyar’s Perspective

Tamil literature is one of the world's greatest literatures that originated two thousand years ago and contains various theories about life. The future of a country is based on the best creations that can inspire the ideals of the youth and adults of the country. The cultural thoughts of the philosopher Vedatiri who followed Vallalar has laid down a new cultural education for the upliftment of the student society and for the global public to live together through morality and physical, mental and introspective exercises. The ethical lifestyle of the fivefold culture is essential to find peace and fulfillment in the life of the individual and in the lives of the people of the world. And since culture is a long and deeply researched philosophy, it can be difficult for people of all nations to grasp. For that purpose, training in mental resources is provided as a two-virtual culture by combining the five virtues and summarizing them for the benefit of all. The main objective of this article is to make these clear and explain it in detail to all the people

On Provably Correct Decision-Making for Automated Driving

The introduction of driving automation in road vehicles can potentially reduce road traffic crashes and significantly improve road safety. Automation in road vehicles also brings several other benefits such as the possibility to provide independent mobility for people who cannot and/or should not drive. Many different hardware and software components (e.g. sensing, decision-making, actuation, and control) interact to solve the autonomous driving task. Correctness of such automated driving systems is crucial as incorrect behaviour may have catastrophic consequences. Autonomous vehicles operate in complex and dynamic environments, which requires decision-making and planning at different levels. The aim of such decision-making components in these systems is to make safe decisions at all times. The challenge of safety verification of these systems is crucial for the commercial deployment of full autonomy in vehicles. Testing for safety is expensive, impractical, and can never guarantee the absence of errors. In contrast, formal methods, which are techniques that use rigorous mathematical models to build hardware and software systems can provide a mathematical proof of the correctness of the system. The focus of this thesis is to address some of the challenges in the safety verification of decision-making in automated driving systems. A central question here is how to establish formal verification as an efficient tool for automated driving software development.A key finding is the need for an integrated formal approach to prove correctness and to provide a complete safety argument. This thesis provides insights into how three different formal verification approaches, namely supervisory control theory, model checking, and deductive verification differ in their application to automated driving and identifies the challenges associated with each method. It identifies the need for the introduction of more rigour in the requirement refinement process and presents one possible solution by using a formal model-based safety analysis approach. To address challenges in the manual modelling process, a possible solution by automatically learning formal models directly from code is proposed