283 research outputs found
Patienten mit schizophrenen Störungen im psychiatrischen MaĂregelvollzug: Ergeben sich Konsequenzen fĂŒr die Allgemeinpsychiatrie?
Zusammenfassung: Es wurde eine Erhebung zu soziodemographischen, kriminologischen und psychiatrischen Merkmalen der 2007 gemÀà §63 StGB und §126a StPO in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern untergebrachten Patienten mit Erkrankungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis durchgefĂŒhrt. Dabei konnten Daten zu allen im Untersuchungszeitraum untergebrachten 45Probanden erhoben werden. Diese stellen einen Anteil von 22% an der Gesamtzahl der 202 im Erhebungszeitraum untergebrachten Patienten. Dieser Wert liegt deutlich unter den Daten westlicher und auch eher stĂ€dtisch geprĂ€gter BundeslĂ€nder. Ăhnlich wie in anderen Untersuchungen aus Deutschland und Ăsterreich zeigt sich eine hohe Rate von Vorbehandlungen in der Allgemeinpsychiatrie. Es bleibt eine wichtige Aufgabe, adĂ€quate Interventionsstrategien fĂŒr fremdaggressive Patienten mit kombinierten psychischen Störungen (z.B. Schizophrenie und Sucht), strafrechtlicher Vorgeschichte und fehlenden sozialen Perspektiven zu entwickel
A systematic review of the effectiveness of art therapy delivered in school-based settings to children aged 5â12 years
Background: School-based art therapy aims to facilitate children's personal change and growth through the use of visual arts media, such as drawing, painting, sculpture, clay, or digital art.
Aims: To identify and synthesise the types of school-based art therapy interventions, and appraise the effectiveness for children aged 5-12.
Methods: Systematic searching through ten major electronic databases, grey literature, and contact with experts in the field.
Results: Six completed and two on-going studies were identified. Art therapy was delivered to children with asthma, behavioural disorders, oppositional defiant disorders, separation anxiety disorders, learning disorders, and disruptive behaviours. All interventions were delivered over 7-25 sessions, and lasted 40-60' per session. The sample sizes ranged between 20-109 participants, involving 247 participants in total.
Conclusions: Art therapy can be effective in improving children's quality of life; anxiety; self-concept; problem-solving skills, attitudes towards school; emotional and behavioural difficulties. The follow-up findings were also promising; though confirmatory evidence is needed.
Implications: The risk of bias was high and unclear, highlighting the importance of following standardised reporting guidelines. Future research needs to focus on the identification of primary outcomes and measures that are tailored to art therapy interventions, and explore the (cost-) effectiveness of shorter versus longer durations of treatment
A phase I randomized therapeutic MVA-B vaccination improves the magnitude and quality of the T cell immune responses in HIV-1-infected subjects on HAART
Trial Design
Previous studies suggested that poxvirus-based vaccines might be instrumental in the therapeutic
HIV field. A phase I clinical trial was conducted in HIV-1-infected patients on highly
active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), with CD4 T cell counts above 450 cells/mm3 and
undetectable viremia. Thirty participants were randomized (2:1) to receive either 3 intramuscular
injections of MVA-B vaccine (coding for clade B HIV-1 Env, Gag, Pol and Nef antigens)
or placebo, followed by interruption of HAART.
Methods
The magnitude, breadth, quality and phenotype of the HIV-1-specific T cell response were
assayed by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) in 22 volunteers pre- and post-vaccination.
Results
MVA-B vaccine induced newly detected HIV-1-specific CD4 T cell responses and expanded
pre-existing responses (mostly against Gag, Pol and Nef antigens) that were high in magnitude,
broadly directed and showed an enhanced polyfunctionality with a T effector memory
(TEM) phenotype, while maintaining the magnitude and quality of the pre-existing HIV-1-
specific CD8 T cell responses. In addition, vaccination also triggered preferential CD8+ T
cell polyfunctional responses to the MVA vector antigens that increase in magnitude after
two and three booster doses
Drug discovery: Insights from the invertebrate Caenorhabditis elegans
Therapeutic drug development is a long, expensive, and complex process that usually takes 12â15 years. In the early phases of drug discovery, in particular, there is a growing need for animal models that ensure the reduction in both cost and time. Caenorhabditis elegans has been traditionally used to address fundamental aspects of key biological processes, such as apoptosis, aging, and gene expression regulation. During the last decade, with the advent of large-scale platforms for screenings, this invertebrate has also emerged as an essential tool in the pharmaceutical research industry to identify novel drugs and drug targets. In this review, we discuss the reasons why C. elegans has been positioned as an outstanding cost-effective option for drug discovery, highlighting both the advantages and drawbacks of this model. Particular attention is paid to the suitability of this nematode in large-scale genetic and pharmacological screenings. High-throughput screenings in C. elegans have indeed contributed to the breakthrough of a wide variety of candidate compounds involved in extensive fields including neurodegeneration, pathogen infections and metabolic disorders. The versatility of this nematode, which enables its instrumentation as a model of human diseases, is another attribute also herein underscored. As illustrative examples, we discuss the utility of C. elegans models of both human neurodegenerative diseases and parasitic nematodes in the drug discovery industry. Summing up, this review aims to demonstrate the impact of C. elegans models on the drug discovery pipeline.Fil: Giunti, SebastiĂĄn. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones BioquĂmicas de BahĂa Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones BioquĂmicas de BahĂa Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de BiologĂa, BioquĂmica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Andersen, Natalia Denise. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones BioquĂmicas de BahĂa Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones BioquĂmicas de BahĂa Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de BiologĂa, BioquĂmica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Rayes, Diego HernĂĄn. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones BioquĂmicas de BahĂa Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones BioquĂmicas de BahĂa Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de BiologĂa, BioquĂmica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: de Rosa, Maria Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones BioquĂmicas de BahĂa Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones BioquĂmicas de BahĂa Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de BiologĂa, BioquĂmica y Farmacia; Argentin
Doxycycline for Malaria Chemoprophylaxis and Treatment: Report from the CDC Expert Meeting on Malaria Chemoprophylaxis
Doxycycline, a synthetically derived tetracycline, is a partially efficacious causal prophylactic (liver stage of Plasmodium) drug and a slow acting blood schizontocidal agent highly effective for the prevention of malaria. When used in conjunction with a fast acting schizontocidal agent, it is also highly effective for malaria treatment. Doxycycline is especially useful as a prophylaxis in areas with chloroquine and multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Although not recommended for pregnant women and children < 8 years of age, severe adverse events are rarely reported for doxycycline. This report examines the evidence behind current recommendations for the use of doxycycline for malaria and summarizes the available literature on its safety and tolerability
Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.
Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field
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