Aspectos significativos no processo formativo de Educadores para a Inclusão e Internacionalização

Este artigo refere-se a um diálogo das experiências dos autores com a literatura sobre “pesquisa científica”, “produção”, “conhecimento”, “internacionalização” de pesquisadores clássicos e produções substanciais para a realização de uma reflexão crítica e analítica em contexto com a pesquisa em educação. Em específico nos processos formativos de professores, seus campos de pesquisa, inclusão e internacionalização. O objetivo deste artigo se pauta em refletir, conceituar e analisar a importância e o desenvolvimento da pesquisa sobre processos formativos de professores, gestores de políticas públicas em educação, agendas internacionais e interculturalidade para a inclusão. O trabalho admite a abordagem qualitativa com foco na interpretação dos fenômenos sociais, culturais e humanos, tem como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, traduzindo em discussão aspectos que levam ao resultado da necessidade de revisões e implementações relacionadas às pesquisas científicas em educação, internacionalização e inclusão para as políticas educacionais.

Utilização de sulfonamidas para o tratamento de diarreia neonatal bovina: parâmetros clínicos e zootécnicos

Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar parâmetros clínicos, hematológicos e zootécnicos de bezerras acometidas por diarreia provocada pelo agente bacteriano Escherichia coli, tratadas com três diferentes protocolos contendo sulfonamidas. Quatorze bezerras da raça Holandês foram monitoradas do nascimento até os 60 dias de vida e divididas em 3 grupos: Grupo 1 (n=5), animais tratados com a dose de 80g de Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brasil, por via oral (VO), dissolvido em 160ml de água a cada 24 horas; Grupo 2 (n=4) receberam sulfadiazina e trimetropim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brasil), na dose de 16mg/Kg de peso vivo, por dia, por via intramuscular (IM); Grupo 3 (n=5) 80g de Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brasil, por VO dissolvido em 160ml de água, a cada 24 horas e com 16mg/Kg de peso vivo, por dia, de sulfadiazina e trimetoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brasil), por via IM. Durante o estudo, os animais foram avaliados clinicamente e a partir do diagnóstico de diarreia foram coletadas amostras de fezes para a identificação do agente bacteriano, antibiograma, reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e exames coproparasitológicos. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para avaliação do perfil hematológico e o perfil zootécnico foi acompanhado semanalmente. No exame clínico, todas as bezerras apresentaram redução na temperatura corporal (<39,2°C) e melhora na hidratação após o período de tratamento (p=0,31), porém o grupo 2 obteve maior concentração de linfócitos e PPT em relação aos demais, assim como melhor desempenho zootécnico, além disso em 100% das amostras de fezes foi detectado E. coli. Sendo assim, os protocolos terapêuticos com sulfonamidas utilizados para o tratamento da diarreia neonatal bovina foram eficazes na melhora clínica dos animais. Porém, o protocolo com terapia sistêmica com sulfadiazina e trimetoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brasil) por via intramuscular proporcionou um melhor desempenho zootécnico, com melhor ganho de peso e desenvolvimento corporal dos animais.This study was developed to evaluate the clinical, hematological, and performance parameters of calves affected by diarrhea caused by the bacterial enteric pathogen Escherichia coli, treated with three different protocols containing sulfonamides. Fourteen Holstein calves were monitored from birth to 60 days of age, and divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n=5) animals were treated with 80 g of Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brazil, administered orally (BM), dissolved in 160 ml of water every 24 h; Group 2 (n=4) received IM sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil), and Group 3 (n=5) animals were treated with 80 g of Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brazil, which is made up of 16 g of phthalylsulfathiazole, associated with 2.28 g neomycin sulfate, 1.6 g of pectin, and 80 g of kaolin, dissolved in 160 ml of water and administered every 24 h by mouth, in addition to sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil), at a daily dose of 16 mg/kg live weight, through IM injection. During the study, the animals were clinically evaluated, and once they were diagnosed with diarrhea, feces samples were collected to identify the bacterial enteric pathogen, antibiogram, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and coproparasitological exams. Blood samples were collected to evaluate the hematological profile, and the performance profile was monitored weekly. In the clinical examination, all calves presented a reduction in body temperature (<39.2°C) and some improvement in hydration after treatment (p=0,31). However, group 2 had a better concentration of lymphocytes and TP concerning the other animals, as well as better performance. Besides, E.coli was detected in 100% of feces samples. Thus, the therapeutic protocols with sulfonamides used to treat bovine neonatal diarrhea were effective in the clinical improvement of the animals. Nonetheless, the protocol with systemic therapy using sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil) intramuscularly, provided better performance, with better weight gain, and body development of the animals.

Caracterização molecular de isolados de escherichia coli em casos de diarreia neonatal bovina / Molecular characterization of escherichia coli isolates in cases of bovine neonatal diarrhea

A E. coli caracteriza-se como o agente etiológico mais diagnosticado em casos de diarreia neonatal bovina, todavia esta bactéria nem sempre é a causadora da enfermidade, tendo em vista que alguns sorovares possuem fatores de virulência não capazes de causar a doença. Sendo assim o objetivo do corrente estudo foi identificar genes de virulência de diferentes sorovares de E. coli presentes em amostras de fezes de bezerras acometidas por diarreia, através da técnica de PCR. Foram acompanhadas 14 bezerras diarreicas da raça Holandês. A partir do diagnóstico de diarreia, eram realizadas coletas de fezes nos dias 0 e 7 onde era realizado isolamento e identificação do agente bacteriano e posterior extração do DNA genômico dos isolados e caracterização genotípica através da reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). A partir do cultivo microbiológico das fezes, foi possível a identificação de Escherichia coli em 100% (n=17) das amostras coletadas. Através da análise de PCR, foram identificados genes de hemolisina (hlyA) em 32,35% das amostras, 8,82% foram positivas para produtoras de toxina shiga (stx1), 8,82% apresentavam o gene intimina (eae), 8,82% apresentavam a toxina termoestável A (estlA) e ainda 41,19% das amostras foram negativas para esses genes pesquisados (não patogênicas). Diante do exposto, fica evidente a importância do conhecimento dos sorovares e fatores de virulência que caracterizam a patogenia da diarreia de bezerros de modo a compreender a epidemiologia, a manifestação clínica e o diagnóstico correto

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Natural Poisoning by Xanthium cavanillesii in Cattle in the Southern Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul

Background: Poisoning by Xanthium spp. plants are important causes of deaths of cattle in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This plant has as toxic principle a triterpenoide glycoside that acts inhibiting the transport of adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate across the mitochondrial membrane, responsible for causing acute liver failure. Clinical signs occur within hours of ingesting the plant. However, the knowledge of the metabolic disorders that these animals suffer are poorly described, so the objective of the reports is to describe an outbreak of spontaneous intoxication by Xanthium cavanillesii and demonstrate the clinical, metabolic and anatomopathological changes of a poisoned bovine.Case: An 8-month-old male bovine, Aberdeen Angus breed, was sent to the Veterinary Hospital of Clinics of Federal University of Pelotas (HCV-UFPel). The animal came from a property located in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, belonged to a herd of 506 animals, of which 258 were nulliparous cows and 248 calves, in total 92 died, being 20 cows and 62 calves in a period of 3 days. The clinical course ranged from 3 to 72 h and was characterized by neurological signs (pedaling movements, opisthotonus and motor incoordination), sternal decubitus, muscle tremors, apathy, anorexia, hypersalivation, dehydration, tenesmus and death. In the field where the animals were, there was the present of Xanthium cavanillesii in the dicotyledonouns sprouting phase, with signs of ingestion. During the clinical examination of the animal sent to the hospital, sternal decubitus, muscle tremor, motor incoordination, apathy, anorexia, hypersalivation and opisthotone were observed, heart rate of 60 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 15 movements per minute, 2 ruminal movements incomplete at every 2 minutes, moderate dehydration and temperature of 37.9º C. For laboratory exams, blood samples were collected in vacuum tubes with 10% EDTA, to perform blood count with hemoparasite research, and without anticoagulant, to perform serum biochemistry tests, liver and kidney function. Highlighting the increase in liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltranferase and alkaline phosphatase), hypoglycemia, elevation of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin, hypoalbuminemia, increase in triglycerides with leukocytosis by neutrophilia with regenerative left shift. Due to advanced clinical condition of the animal, was realized euthanasia for post-mortem examination. At necropsy, the main diagnostic macroscopic lesions were an accentuation of the lobular pattern of the organ parenchyma with the appearance of “nutmeg” and centrilobular coagulative necrosis accompanied by congestion and hemorrhages, characterizing a picture of acute liver failure. In addition, X. cavanillesii fruits were detected in the rumen content.Discussion: The diagnosis was based on epidemiological, clinical-anatomopathological, laboratory data and experimental reproduction of the disease in cattle and sheep. Regarding the epidemiological findings, the presence of the plant with signs of ingestion stands out in addition to the absence of other plants capable of producing similar cases on the farm. The metabolic changes described, if analyzed in isolation, do not confirm the diagnosis, but combined with other parameters, it contributes to the assessment and prognosis of the patient, becoming of great importance in elucidating and conducting the clinical condition

Jovens imigrantes na cidade de São Paulo: ações político-culturais, vida cotidiana, resistências

This article results from a broader investigation focused on four immigrant youth collectives in São Paulo city, and their political-cultural actions in metropolitan scenarios. Using qualitative methodologies, the research was focused on understanding historical, political, anthropological and communication dimensions that take part in their lives. The results contribute to the mapping of these actions, and also addresses their struggles for belonging, inclusion and integration as ways of existing, resis-ting and re-existing, such as: a) the ways in which immigrant young people from urban groups transform everyday territories, spaces and places; b) the links between belonging, inclusion, integration, interculturality and cross-border relationships, marked by their experiences between two contexts; c) the contribution of collectives to facing exclusions and inequalities in their daily lives.O artigo é decorrente de uma investigação mais ampla, focada em quatro coletivos juvenis de imigrantes na cidade de São Paulo e suas ações político-culturais na cena metropolitana. Baseada em metodologia qualitativa, a pesquisa foi construída sob o pressuposto da compreensão de dimensões históricas, políticas, antropológicas e comunicacionais que atravessam as vidas imigrantes. Os resultados do estudo contribuem para o mapeamento das práticas tecidas nas vidas cotidianas de seus produtores e suas lutas por existências, resistências e re-existências: a) as formas pelas quais jovens imigrantes de coletivos urbanos transformam, por meio de ações político-culturais, territórios, espaços e lugares cotidianos, deslocando preconceitos; b) os nexos entre pertença, inclusão, integração e relações interculturais e transfronteiriças; c) a contribuição dos coletivos no enfrentamento das exclusões e desigualdades em suas vidas cotidianas