The Use of Deep Learning in Verifying the Functioning of LEDs

This article aims to bring an alternative to carrying out manual tests of devices mounted on a production line. One of the tests done by the operator is to find out if the LEDs are present on the device being turned on and working correctly. Image processing techniques were applied in the elaboration of the dataset and the use of Convolutional Neural Networks for the classification of the colors presented by the LEDs and the recognition of their operation. An accuracy of 99.25% was obtained with a low percentage of false positives and true negatives. There were no difficulties in porting the model built to a small computer

Os desafios da comunicação no engajamento com os stakeholders em gestão de projetos: The challenges of communication in the engagement with stakeholders on project management

Nas organizações atuais, a comunicação através dos processos de planejamento, gerenciamento e controle, aliada ao engajamento das partes interessadas, cumprem um importantíssimo papel na busca pelo êxito dos projetos. O gerente, no exercício de suas atividades, torna-se uma das peças chaves para a aplicação das boas práticas nessa área, e enfrenta diretamente os desafios tão complexos que envolvem estes dois campos do conhecimento. Este artigo, embasado pelo PMBoK/PMI dentre outros autores da área, sugere alguns procedimentos que corroboram com as atividades do gestor de projetos, quanto a mitigação de riscos em comunicação, bem como a maximização do engajamento por parte dos stakeholders, no intuito único de ter o projeto finalizado conforme incialmente planejado. Conclui-se portanto, que um plano de comunicação bem elaborado, alinhado em atender as expectativas das partes interessadas ao máximo possível, tem muitos pontos positivos à oferecer ao gestor de projetos, e principalmente aos stakeholders, uma vez que eles são uns dos players mais interessados nas entregas ao que o projeto se propõe

Uma Reflexão da Importância e Globalização da Ferramenta de Gestão Estratégica Balanced Scorecard (BSC)

This work aims to investigate the importance and the degree of use of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) methodology in our globalized world. For this purpose, a theoretical analysis of its fundamentals is initially carried out, highlighting the importance of knowledge of the vision and mission, the strategy aligned with performance management and the support of senior management. Its importance as a strategic tool is highlighted, with emphasis on its four value perspectives and an exhibition on the topic in the world literature, where the main studies carried out on the implementation of the tool are summarized so far considered. It was found that Multinationals, Universities and the public sector use the tool more intensively than the agricultural and health sectors. Better integration and internal improvements to the organization were also mentioned, as well as financial results obtained. A significant number of publications referring to methodology implementation guides were also highlighted, aligned with the need for rational and interactive use of the BSC

Fatores de Êxito na Implementação do Balanced Scorecard (BSC) no Brasil: Caso Polo Industrial da Zona Franca de Manaus

This work aims to investigate the factors that influence the successful application of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) at the Manaus Industrial Pole (PIM), in the Manaus Free Trade Zone, Amazonas, Brazil. A theoretical analysis of its fundamentals is carried out, highlighting the importance of knowledge of the vision and mission, a strategy aligned with performance management and support from senior management. Barriers to implementation are also assessed. Based on studies carried out on the topic, a questionnaire was prepared with 30 open and closed questions, answered by 115 companies (27%) of the 426 existing with approved and ongoing projects at PIM, with 62 using the BSC (54%). 25 variables emerged that would influence the use of BSC by companies. After the chi-square test, 19 of these showed a significant association: use of a strategic map, way of communicating the strategy to employees, indicators unfolded at department level, weekly meeting time to discuss the strategy, vision and mission well elaborated, who elaborates the strategy, understanding of the vision and mission, degree of importance factor market/customers, number of employees, annual level of sales, degree of importance factor internal processes,participation of all departments in the strategy, hierarchical levels, degree of importance factor human resources , meetings with employees to discuss the strategy, appropriate performance indicators, degree of adequacy of the indicators in the decision-making process, time with the company and degree of importance in relation to the environment, in decreasing order of strength. It was found that the development of the BSC provided significant improvements in the organizational and financial performance of the studied companie

PROPRIEDADE INTELECTUAL: BREVE PANORAMA SOBRE INDEFERIMENTO DE MARCAS NO BRASIL.

A marca pode tornar-se o ativo intangível mais importante de um negócio. Um dos requisitos para a concessão de uma marca no Brasil é a liceidade do pedido, ou seja, que não haja proibição legal. Nesse sentido, a Lei n° 9.279/1996 em seu art. 124 estabelece vinte e três incisos com hipóteses irregistrabilidade. O objetivo da pesquisa foi prospectar o uso desses incisos pelos examinadores do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial quando na análise de mérito de pedidos de registro de marca durante o primeiro semestre de 2022. O resultado mostrou a incidência do inciso XIX da norma, que proíbe o registro de marcas que reproduzam ou imitem, no todo ou em parte, marcas alheias; demonstrando assim, além de desconhecimento pelos requerentes quanto aos requisitos de registrabilidade, uma problemática da irregistrabilidade no Brasil que reflete certa tendência a um parasitismo marcário.      

Metodologia de um projeto aerodinâmico básico voltado a competição SAE Brasil aerodesign / Methodology of a basic aerodynamic project destinated to SAE Brazil aerodesign competition

Este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de um projeto aerodinâmico básico de um avião destinado à competição SAE Brasil Aerodesign, para o qual é desenvolvido uma aeronave cargueira rádio controlada em escala reduzida. A metodologia simplista utilizada facilita a compreensão das etapas de projeto e consequentemente a minimização do tempo empregado para o estudo aerodinâmico. Esse projeto leva em consideração as limitações impostas pela competição, tais como a área máxima em vista superior, que influenciam significativamente na missão da aeronave. Para se chegar em uma aeronave competitiva é necessária a otimização de vários parâmetros aerodinâmicos, desde a escolha correta do perfil para asa e empenagens até os cálculos de arrasto sofrido pela aeronave. No desenvolvimento do projeto aerodinâmico foi utilizado o software XFRL5 para a obtenção de alguns dados analisados. A técnica de aproximação de esforços sofridos na asa pelo diagrama de Schrenk, contribuição dos componentes da aeronave para o arrasto,a influência do efeito solo e o cálculo da curva polar de arrasto são fatores determinantes para um bom projeto

Numerical and Experimental Analyses of Hybrid Composites Made from Amazonian Natural Fibers

The application of lignocellulosic fibers as reinforcements in composite materials has found increasing use in recent years, due to the attractive characteristics of natural fibers such as their low cost, high specific modulus, biodegradability, abundance and with many technical qualities. Natural fiber hybrid composites are very frequently used in automotive aerospace and other industries. In this work, numerical and experimental analysis is carried out to compare curauá, jute and sisal fibers in epoxy composites for use in industry. The most appropriate hybridization effect by establishing the amounts of each fiber on the mechanical properties was considered. Finite Element Models were designed and validated through mechanical tests. The number of Finite Element models and specimens performed was determined through the design of experiments using the Taguchi Method and then the results were statistically validated. Higher strength was obtained in composites made with curauá fiber, followed by jute and sisal fibers. Such behavior was achieved by FEM and experimental tests, revealing an increase in tensile strength by increasing the amount of fibers up to 35% in total. Higher strength was achieved when the composite was made with curauá (20 wt.%), jute (10 wt.%) and sisal (5 wt.%) fibers. The results show a good agreement between the FEM and the experimental tests. Furthermore, the results of the present study were compared with those obtained previously mentioned in the open literature

Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10–24 years during the past three decades. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolute numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population by sex, age group (10–14, 15–19, and 20–24 years), and sociodemographic index (SDI) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We report percentage changes in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019. Findings: In 2019, 369 061 deaths (of which 214 337 [58%] were transport related) and 31·1 million DALYs (of which 16·2 million [52%] were transport related) among adolescents aged 10–24 years were caused by transport and unintentional injuries combined. If compared with other causes, transport and unintentional injuries combined accounted for 25% of deaths and 14% of DALYs in 2019, and showed little improvement from 1990 when such injuries accounted for 26% of adolescent deaths and 17% of adolescent DALYs. Throughout adolescence, transport and unintentional injury fatality rates increased by age group. The unintentional injury burden was higher among males than females for all injury types, except for injuries related to fire, heat, and hot substances, or to adverse effects of medical treatment. From 1990 to 2019, global mortality rates declined by 34·4% (from 17·5 to 11·5 per 100 000) for transport injuries, and by 47·7% (from 15·9 to 8·3 per 100 000) for unintentional injuries. However, in low-SDI nations the absolute number of deaths increased (by 80·5% to 42 774 for transport injuries and by 39·4% to 31 961 for unintentional injuries). In the high-SDI quintile in 2010–19, the rate per 100 000 of transport injury DALYs was reduced by 16·7%, from 838 in 2010 to 699 in 2019. This was a substantially slower pace of reduction compared with the 48·5% reduction between 1990 and 2010, from 1626 per 100 000 in 1990 to 838 per 100 000 in 2010. Between 2010 and 2019, the rate of unintentional injury DALYs per 100 000 also remained largely unchanged in high-SDI countries (555 in 2010 vs 554 in 2019; 0·2% reduction). The number and rate of adolescent deaths and DALYs owing to environmental heat and cold exposure increased for the high-SDI quintile during 2010–19. Interpretation: As other causes of mortality are addressed, inadequate progress in reducing transport and unintentional injury mortality as a proportion of adolescent deaths becomes apparent. The relative shift in the burden of injury from high-SDI countries to low and low–middle-SDI countries necessitates focused action, including global donor, government, and industry investment in injury prevention. The persisting burden of DALYs related to transport and unintentional injuries indicates a need to prioritise innovative measures for the primary prevention of adolescent injury. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019