12 research outputs found
A catcalling megĂtĂ©lĂ©se Ă©s arra adott reakciĂłk összefĂŒggĂ©se egyes pszicholĂłgiai tĂ©nyezĆkkel
Catcalling is not only an unpleasant experience which the majority of the worldâs female population goes through at least once in their lifetime (MacMillan, Nierobisz & Welsh 2000). It is dominantly seen as a mechanism by which traditional gender roles, the agent male and passive female, gain social confirmation, and so does the sexist system. If harassment is met with passivity or benign responses on behalf of women, the issue of catcalling will be seen, in return, as a way of conforming to social norms. This can inevitably lead to the strengthening of the sexist system which is based on unequal gender roles (Fairchild 2009). These processes may well result in system justification which might cause the individual to accept and legitimate intergroup relations and social structures which defy their own or their groupâs interests (Jost & Banaji 1994). Various psychological impacts are likely to be made by the aforementioned factors, including permanent fear of violence (Fairchild & Rudman 2008) or low self-esteem (Saunders et al. 2016). In order to obtain a deeper understanding of the problem, it is important to reveal the factors connected to catcalling, as well as different protective measures which may provide help to women in confronting the issue. The proposal put forward by the first study focuses on how the urgency to maintain the status quo between men and women influences womenâs thinking and coping mechanisms in terms of harassment. It also details womenâs self-esteem and the connections between their coping mechanisms. The second study aims to reveal factors which facilitate active coping with catcalling, while reducing the subsequent self-blame, benign responses and positive attitudes towards harassment. The research also attempts to reveal the connection between catcalling and womenâs perceived threat from men as the dominant group.A catcalling nem csak egy kellemetlen Ă©lmĂ©ny, melyet a legtöbb nĆ legalĂĄbb egyszer ĂĄtĂ©l Ă©lete sorĂĄn (MacMillan, Nierobisz & Welsh 2000), hanem egy mechanizmus, amely ĂĄltal a hagyomĂĄnyos nemi szerepek, az ĂĄgens fĂ©rfi Ă©s a passzĂv nĆi szerep megerĆsĂtĂ©st nyernek. Amennyiben a zaklatĂĄsra passzivitĂĄs, vagy jĂłszĂĄndĂ©k-tulajdonĂtĂĄs a vĂĄlasz, az normatĂvkĂ©nt lĂĄttatja ezt a jelensĂ©get, megerĆsĂtve az egyenlĆtlen nemi szerepeken alapulĂł szexista rendszert (Fairchild 2009). A hĂĄttĂ©rben a rendszerigazolĂĄs jelensĂ©ge hĂșzĂłdik meg, mely sorĂĄn az egyĂ©n olyan csoportközi viszonyokat, tĂĄrsadalmi berendezĂ©seket is legitimĂĄl, melyek ellentmondanak csoportos vagy egyĂ©ni Ă©rdekeinek (Jost & Banaji 1994). Ennek szĂĄmos negatĂv pszichĂ©s hatĂĄsa van, pĂ©ldĂĄul az erĆszaktĂłl valĂł ĂĄllandĂł fĂ©lelem (Fairchild & Rudman 2008), vagy az alacsony önĂ©rtĂ©kelĂ©s (Saunders, Scaturro, Guarino & Kelly 2016). ĂrĂĄsunk azt kĂvĂĄnja feltĂĄrni, milyen tĂ©nyezĆk ĂĄllnak kapcsolatban a jelensĂ©ggel, mik nyĂșjthatnak vĂ©delmet, segĂtve az egyĂ©n megkĂŒzdĂ©sĂ©t az ilyen jellegƱ tapasztalatokkal. 1. vizsgĂĄlatunk felvetĂ©se arra irĂĄnyul, hogy a fĂ©rfiak Ă©s nĆk közötti status quo fenntartĂĄsĂĄra valĂł kĂ©sztetĂ©s, hogyan befolyĂĄsolja a nĆk zaklatĂĄssal kapcsolatos vĂ©lekedĂ©seit Ă©s alkalmazott megkĂŒzdĂ©si mĂłdjaikat, tovĂĄbbĂĄ kitĂ©r önĂ©rtĂ©kelĂ©sĂŒk, valamint a megkĂŒzdĂ©s mĂłdjaik összefĂŒggĂ©seire is. 2. vizsgĂĄlatunk cĂ©lja azon tĂ©nyezĆk felderĂtĂ©se, melyek segĂtik a catcallinggal valĂł aktĂv megkĂŒzdĂ©st, valamint negatĂv kapcsolatban ĂĄllnak az önvĂĄddal, a rendszer fenntartĂĄsĂĄt segĂtĆ jĂłszĂĄndĂ©k-tulajdonĂtĂĄssal, Ă©s a zaklatĂĄs pozitĂv megĂtĂ©lĂ©sĂ©vel. KutatĂĄsunk megkĂsĂ©rli a dominĂĄns csoport ĂĄltali Ă©szlelt fenyegetettsĂ©g catcallinggal valĂł kapcsolatĂĄnak feltĂĄrĂĄsĂĄt is
A catcalling megĂtĂ©lĂ©se Ă©s arra adott reakciĂłk összefĂŒggĂ©se egyes pszicholĂłgiai tĂ©nyezĆkkel
A catcalling nem csak egy kellemetlen Ă©lmĂ©ny, melyet a legtöbb nĆ legalĂĄbb egyszer ĂĄtĂ©l Ă©lete sorĂĄn (MacMillan, Nierobisz & Welsh 2000), hanem egy mechanizmus, amely ĂĄltal a hagyomĂĄnyos nemi szerepek, az ĂĄgens fĂ©rfi Ă©s a passzĂv nĆi szerep megerĆsĂtĂ©st nyernek. Amennyiben a zaklatĂĄsra passzivitĂĄs, vagy jĂłszĂĄndĂ©ktulajdonĂtĂĄs a vĂĄlasz, az normatĂvkĂ©nt lĂĄttatja ezt a jelensĂ©get, megerĆsĂtve az egyenlĆtlen nemi szerepeken alapulĂł szexista rendszert (Fairchild 2009). A hĂĄttĂ©rben a rendszerigazolĂĄs jelensĂ©ge hĂșzĂłdik meg, mely sorĂĄn az egyĂ©n olyan csoportközi viszonyokat, tĂĄrsadalmi berendezĂ©seket is legitimĂĄl, melyek ellentmondanak csoportos vagy egyĂ©ni Ă©rdekeinek (Jost & Banaji 1994). Ennek szĂĄmos negatĂv pszichĂ©s hatĂĄsa van, pĂ©ldĂĄul az erĆszaktĂłl valĂł ĂĄllandĂł fĂ©lelem (Fairchild & Rudman 2008), vagy az alacsony önĂ©rtĂ©kelĂ©s (Saunders, Scaturro, Guarino & Kelly 2016). ĂrĂĄsunk azt kĂvĂĄnja feltĂĄrni, milyen tĂ©nyezĆk ĂĄllnak kapcsolatban a jelensĂ©ggel, mik nyĂșjthatnak vĂ©delmet, segĂtve az egyĂ©n megkĂŒzdĂ©sĂ©t az ilyen jellegƱ tapasztalatokkal. 1. vizsgĂĄlatunk felvetĂ©se arra irĂĄnyul, hogy a fĂ©rfiak Ă©s nĆk közötti status quo fenntartĂĄsĂĄra valĂł kĂ©sztetĂ©s, hogyan befolyĂĄsolja a nĆk zaklatĂĄssal kapcsolatos vĂ©lekedĂ©seit Ă©s alkalmazott megkĂŒzdĂ©si mĂłdjaikat, tovĂĄbbĂĄ kitĂ©r önĂ©rtĂ©kelĂ©sĂŒk, valamint a megkĂŒzdĂ©s mĂłdjaik összefĂŒggĂ©seire is. 2. vizsgĂĄlatunk cĂ©lja azon tĂ©nyezĆk felderĂtĂ©se, melyek segĂtik a catcallinggal valĂł aktĂv megkĂŒzdĂ©st, valamint negatĂv kapcsolatban ĂĄllnak az önvĂĄddal, a rendszer fenntartĂĄsĂĄt segĂtĆ jĂłszĂĄndĂ©k-tulajdonĂtĂĄssal, Ă©s a zaklatĂĄs pozitĂv megĂtĂ©lĂ©sĂ©vel. KutatĂĄsunk megkĂsĂ©rli a dominĂĄns csoport ĂĄltali Ă©szlelt fenyegetettsĂ©g catcallinggal valĂł kapcsolatĂĄnak feltĂĄrĂĄsĂĄt is
Narrative Construction of Product Reviews Reveals the Level of Post-Decisional Cognitive Dissonance
Social media platforms host an increasing amount of costumer reviews on a wide range of products. While most studies on product reviews focus on the sentiments expressed or helpfulness judged by readers and on their impact on subsequent buying this study aims at uncovering the psychological state of the persons making the reviews. More specifically, the study applies a narrative approach to the analysis of product reviews and addresses the question what the narrative construction of product reviews reveals about the level of post-decisional cognitive dissonance experienced by reviewers. The study involved 94 participants, who were asked to write a product review on
their recently bought cell phones. The level of cognitive dissonance was measured by a self-report scale. The product reviews were analyzed by the Narrative Categorical Content Analytical Toolkit. The analysis revealed that agency, spatio-temporal perspective, and psychological perspective reflected the level of cognitive dissonance of the reviewers. The results are interpreted by elaborating
on the idea that narratives have affordance to express affect
Ha fĂ©rfi vagy, lĂ©gy fĂ©rfi? A fĂ©rfias viselkedĂ©s Ă©s nemi szerepek narratĂv mintĂĄzatai
In our research we aimed to get an accurate picture of society's image of masculinity and femininity by analyzing personal stories about gender roles, using narrative psychological content analysis. Our research examines the effects of gender essentialism through the narrative construction of masculinity, comparing gender differences in terms of agency, negative emotions and evaluation in personal narratives. According to our results men for whom the display of emotion is related to the loss of male status used more active verbs and more words related to negative emotions. In addition, we found that men associate more negative emotions with the loss of male status than do women with the loss of female status. Our results suggest that women show less anxiety related to gender status.KutatĂĄsunk sorĂĄn a narratĂv pszicholĂłgiai tartalomelemzĂ©s segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel nemi szerepekrĆl szĂłlĂł szemĂ©lyes törtĂ©netek elemzĂ©sĂ©vel szeretnĂ©nk pontosabb kĂ©pet kapni a tĂĄrsadalom fĂ©rfiassĂĄgrĂłl, nĆiessĂ©grĆl alkotott kĂ©pĂ©rĆl. KutatĂĄsunk a nemi esszecializmus hatĂĄsait vizsgĂĄlja fĂ©rfiassĂĄg narratĂv konstrukciĂłjĂĄnak megalkotĂĄsakor. VizsgĂĄlatunk sorĂĄn összevetettĂŒk, hogy az ĂĄgencia, a negatĂv Ă©rzelmek Ă©s az Ă©rtĂ©kelĂ©s tekintetĂ©ben megfigyelhetĆek-e nemi kĂŒlönbsĂ©gek. EredmĂ©nyeink szerint azok a fĂ©rfiak, akiknĂ©l az Ă©rzelemkimutatĂĄs a fĂ©rfi stĂĄtusz elveszĂtĂ©sĂ©hez kapcsolĂłdik, több aktĂv igĂ©t Ă©s negatĂv Ă©rzelmi töltetƱ szĂłt hasznĂĄltak. A fĂ©rfiak több negatĂv Ă©rzelmet kapcsolnak a fĂ©rfi stĂĄtusz elvesztĂ©sĂ©hez, mint a nĆk a nĆi stĂĄtusz elvesztĂ©sĂ©hez, azaz a nĆk esetĂ©ben kevĂ©sbĂ© jelenik meg a nemi stĂĄtusszal kapcsolatos szorongĂĄs
Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations
Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (Nâ=â33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMBâs distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role
Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models
Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countriesâ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries ( N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in menâs self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings.</p
Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models
Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countriesâ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries (N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in menâs self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings