Podoplanin in cancer cells is experimentally able to attenuate prolymphangiogenic and lymphogenous metastatic potentials of lung squamoid cancer cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Podoplanin, a mucin-like transmembrane glycoprotein, is reportedly expressed in a variety of malignant cells and is generally regarded as a factor for promoting tumor progression in conventional studies. By contrast, a clinicopathologically conflicting role for podoplanin, namely as a favorable prognostic factor for patients with lung/cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), has recently been reported. Here, we investigated the role of podoplanin expressed in lung squamoid cancer cells (LSCCs) in experimental tumor progression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using EBC-1 cells, a lung SCC cell line without podoplanin expression and with lymphogenous metastatic potential, stable transformants with or without an exogenous human <it>podoplanin </it>gene were established and applied to a mouse tumor implantation model. <it>In vivo </it>examinations revealed that exogenous podoplanin had no influence on tumor growth, whereas it significantly restrained axillary lymph node metastasis associated with the suppression of lymphangiogenesis but not angiogenesis and with the downregulation of EBC-1-derived VEGF-C but not other lymphangiogenesis-related factor mRNAs in implanted tumor tissue. <it>In vitro </it>examinations to clarify the mechanisms underlying the <it>in vivo </it>phenomena revealed that exogenous podoplanin significantly suppressed the expression of VEGF-C mRNA and of the protein, and also increased the level of phosphorylated c-jun N terminal kinase (JNK) in EBC-1 cells. The former effect of exogenous podoplanin was impaired by treatment with either JNK inhibitor sp600125 or podoplanin-siRNA, and the latter effect was impaired by treatment with podoplanin-siRNA, suggesting that podoplanin was able to activate JNK, thereby downregulating VEGF-C gene expression in LSCCs (podoplanin-JNK-VEGF-C axis). Furthermore, supporting evidence in regard to the axis present in LSCCs was obtained from similar experiments using H157 cells, another lung SCC cell line expressing endogenous podoplanin.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our findings suggested that LSCC-associated podoplanin was functional and could attenuate the potential for lymph node metastasis, possibly based on the suppression of tumor lymphangiogenesis; thus, podoplanin in cancer cells may become a useful biomarker to measure the malignancy of lung SCC.</p

Evidence for Solution-Mediated Phase Transitions in Kidney Stones: Phase Transition Exacerbates Kidney Stone Disease

Maruyama M., Tanaka Y., Momma K., et al. Evidence for Solution-Mediated Phase Transitions in Kidney Stones: Phase Transition Exacerbates Kidney Stone Disease. Crystal Growth and Design 23, 4285 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00108.In this study, we investigated calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones and showed direct evidence of the solution-mediated phase transition of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD; the metastable phase) to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM; the stable phase). We examined the crystal phases, crystal textures, and protein distributions within thin sections of calcium oxalate kidney stones. Observation with a polarized-light microscope showed that the outline of the mosaic texture, in which COM crystals are assembled in a mosaic pattern, roughly coincides with COD’s crystallographically stable face angles. Microfocus X-ray CT measurement captured the intermediate process of the phase transition, starting inside the COD single crystal and gradually transforming to COM crystals. In addition, the distribution of osteopontin and prothrombin fragment-1, common proteins contained in urine and visualized by multicolor fluorescence immunostaining, showed no apparent striations inside the COM single crystals with the mosaic texture, although the striation is apparent inside the COD single crystals. This is probably because the phase transition of mosaic-like COM occurred in a semiclosed system inside the COD single crystal, so the effect of periodic (day-night, seasonal, etc.) urinary protein concentration changes was small. On the other hand, striations were visible in concentrically laminated COM. This indicated that concentrically laminated COM formed in response to the changes in urinary protein concentrations. From the above, we conclude that the COD single crystals and the concentrically laminated COM seen in CaOx stones are primary structures, and the mosaic COM is a secondary structure that is a pseudomorph formed by the solution-mediated phase transition from COD single crystals

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216