Informe de la Campaña ARGELIA0203-DP para la evaluación de recursos demersales profundos en las costas de Argelia (Mediterráneo Sud-Occidental)

RESUMEN: Del 5 al 24 de marzo de 2003 se llevó a cabo la campaña de prospección pesquera con arrastre de fondo ARGELIA0203-DP en aguas de Argelia, a bordo del B/O Vizconde de Eza. Se realizaron 55 pescas (3 nulas) entre 200 y 800 m de profundidad. Se presentan los resultados de las capturas realizadas en esta campaña y se analizan los índices de abundancia y biomasa de las especies más importantes, por sector y área geográficos y estrato batimétrico, así como su distribución de tallas por sector geográfico y estrato batimétrico. Se comparan los rendimientos y las tallas obtenidos con los de otras campañas realizadas en el Mediterráneo (MEDITS y BALAR)RÉSUME: Rapport de la campagne ARGELIA0203-DP portant evaluation des ressources demersales des côtes Algeriennes (Mediterrane sud-occidental).- Du 05 au 24 Mars 2003, s’est réalisée une campagne de prospection par chalutage du fond ARGELIA0203-DP des côtes Algériennes, abord du B/O Vizconde de Eza. 55 traits de pêche (3 annulées) ont été effectue entre 200 et 800 m de profondeur. Les résultats des captures réalisées durant cette campagne et l’analyse des indices d’abondance et biomasse des espèces les plus importantes sont présentés, par secteur, par aire géographique et strate bathymétrique, ainsi que leurs distributions de tailles par secteur géographique et strate bathymétrique. Les rendements et les tailles obtenus ont fait l’objet d’une comparaison avec les autres campagnes réalisées dans la Méditerranée (MEDITS et BALAR)ABSTRACT: Report of the ARGELIA0203-DP survey for the assessment of the deep-sea demersal resources off Algerian coasts (southwestern Mediterranean).- From March 5th to 24th 2003 the bottom-trawl survey ARGELIA0203-DP was developed in waters off Argelia, on board R/V Vizconde de Eza. Fifty-five hauls (3 null) were carried out between 200 and 800 m depth. The results of the captures obtained during this survey are shown and abundance and biomass indexes of the most important species are analyzed by geographic sector and area, and bathymetric stratum, as their size distribution by geographic sector and bathymetric stratum. Yields and sizes obtained are compared to those from other surveys carried out in the Mediterranean (MEDITS and BALAR)

Informe de la campaña ARGELIA0204 para la evaluación de recursos demersales en las costas de Argelia (Mediterráneo sud-occidental)

RESUMEN: Del 5 de Febrero al 8 de Marzo de 2004 se llevó a cabo la campaña de prospección pesquera con arrastre de fondo ARGELIA0204 en aguas de Argelia, a bordo del B/O Vizconde de Eza. Se realizaron 114 pescas (6 nulas) entre 40 y 760 m de profundidad. Se presentan los resultados de las capturas realizadas en esta campaña y se analizan los índices de abundancia y biomasa de las especies más importantes, así como su distribución de tallas, por sector geográfico y estrato batimétrico. Se comparan los rendimientos y las tallas obtenidos con los de la campaña realizada en 2003 en la misma área y con otras campañas realizadas en el Mediterráneo.RÉSUME: Rapport de la campagne ARGELIA0204 portant évaluation des ressources demersaux des côtes Algériennes (Méditerranée sud-occidental).- Du 05 du Février au 8 du Mars 2004, s’est réalisée une campagne de prospection par chalutage du fond ARGELIA0204 des côtes Algériennes, a bord du B/O Vizconde de Eza. 114 traits de pêche (6 annulées) ont été effectue entre 40 et 800 m de profondeur. Les résultats des captures réalisées durant cette campagne et l’analyse des indices d’abondance et biomasse des espèces les plus importantes sont présentés, par secteur, par aire géographique et strate bathymétrique, ainsi que leurs distributions de tailles par secteur géographique et strate bathymétrique. Les rendements et les tailles obtenus ont fait l’objet d’une comparaison avec les autres campagnes réalisées dans la Méditerranée.ABSTRACT: Report of the ARGELIA0204 survey for the assessment of the deep-sea demersal resources off Algerian coast (south-western Mediterranean).- From 5 February to 8 March 2004 the bottom-trawl survey ARGELIA0204 was developed in waters off Argelia, on board R/V Vizconde de Eza. 114 hauls (6 null) were carried out between 40 and 800 m depth. The results on the captures obtained during this survey are shown and abundance and biomass indexes of the most important species are analyzed by geographic sector and area, and bathymetric stratum, as their size distribution by geographic sector and bathymetric stratum. Yields and sizes obtained are compared to those from other surveys carried out in the Mediterranea

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Lichenological exploration of Algeria: historical overview and annotated bibliography, 1799-2013

yesDespite more than two centuries of almost uninterrupted surveys and studies of Algerian lichenology, the history and lichen diversity of Algeria are still poorly understood. During the preparation of a forthcoming checklist of Algerian lichens it was considered necessary to provide the present historical overview of lichenological exploration of the country from 1799 to 2013, supported by a reasonably comprehensive annotated bibliography of 171 titles

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Microbiome to Brain:Unravelling the Multidirectional Axes of Communication

The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host physiology. Disruption of its community structure and function can have wide-ranging effects making it critical to understand exactly how the interactive dialogue between the host and its microbiota is regulated to maintain homeostasis. An array of multidirectional signalling molecules is clearly involved in the host-microbiome communication. This interactive signalling not only impacts the gastrointestinal tract, where the majority of microbiota resides, but also extends to affect other host systems including the brain and liver as well as the microbiome itself. Understanding the mechanistic principles of this inter-kingdom signalling is fundamental to unravelling how our supraorganism function to maintain wellbeing, subsequently opening up new avenues for microbiome manipulation to favour desirable mental health outcome

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century