Considerations sur la faune alpine des Coléoptères et sa genèse.

Die Arbeit enthält eine Revision der Alpinfauna der Käfer, hauptsächlich von Europa, Afrika und Asien, die auf Grund persönlicher Beobachtungen und Literaturangaben zusammengestellt wurde, jedoch ohne vollständige Auswertung aller diesbezüglichen Literatur. Es wurden auch persönliche Mitteilungen von K. Armin, G. Ball, P. Basilevski, A. Bogatshev und L. Kocher berücksichtigt. Einige Besonderheiten der Ökologie der Alpinfauna sind hervorgehoben, wie die mögliche Bedeutung gewisser Faktoren der Umwelt auf ihre Entstehung, nämlich der Ultraviolettstrahlen. Es wird der Versuch gemacht, die Flügellosigkeit zu erklären, die bei Alpenbewohnern so verbreitet ist. Weiterhin werden die Möglichkeiten geprüft, die Genesis der Alpinfauna zu erkennen und die autochtonen Elemente, alte und junge, von den migratorischen zu trennen. Unter letzteren herrschen die nördlichen Migranten vor, aber es sind einige angarische Waldgattungen von Osten dazugekommen. In allen untersuchten Fällen ist das migratorische Element dominant, das autochtone viel weniger bedeutend. Die Besiedlung der hohen Berge scheint bei der Lokalfauna eine sehr lange Zeit in Anspruch zu nehmen und die Mehrzahl der Alpinarten dürfte sehr jung sein. Diese Feststellungen gaben Anlaß, den Ursprung gewisser Alpingruppen im Norden zu suchen, teilweise in Skandinavien und teilweise im Ural.RésuméLe travail comporte une revision de la faune alpine des Coleopteres, principalement de l'Europe, Afrique et Asie, etablie sur des donnees personnelles et celles puisees dans la litterature, sans vouloir pretendre toutefois a leur etude integrale. Il a ete egalement tenu compte de quelques communications personnelles (de K. Arnim, G. Ball, P. Basilevski, A. Bogatshev, L. Kocher). On a signale quelques particularites ethologiques de cette faune, le röle, joue probablement dans sa formation par certains facteurs du milieu, notam ment par les rayons ultraviolets, et on a tente d'expliquer la cause de l'apterisme, si frequent chez les espe ces alpines. Le dernier chapitre presente u,n essai sur la genese de la faune alpine dans la quelle on distingue les elements autochtones, anciens et recents, et migrateurs. Parmi ces derniers dominent les elements nordiques, mais quelques genres sylvestres angariens sont de provenance orientale. Dans tous les cas etudies l'element migrateur est preponderant, l'autochtone bien mo ins important. Il semble, que le peuplement des hautes montagnes par la faune locale necessite un temps tres long et que la majorite des especes alpines est d'epoque fort recente. Ces constatations ont entraine l'attribution d'une origine nordique a certains groupes alpins, qui semblent provenir en partie de la Scandinavie et en partie de l'Oural.Die Arbeit enthält eine Revision der Alpinfauna der Käfer, hauptsächlich von Europa, Afrika und Asien, die auf Grund persönlicher Beobachtungen und Literaturangaben zusammengestellt wurde, jedoch ohne vollständige Auswertung aller diesbezüglichen Literatur. Es wurden auch persönliche Mitteilungen von K. Armin, G. Ball, P. Basilevski, A. Bogatshev und L. Kocher berücksichtigt. Einige Besonderheiten der Ökologie der Alpinfauna sind hervorgehoben, wie die mögliche Bedeutung gewisser Faktoren der Umwelt auf ihre Entstehung, nämlich der Ultraviolettstrahlen. Es wird der Versuch gemacht, die Flügellosigkeit zu erklären, die bei Alpenbewohnern so verbreitet ist. Weiterhin werden die Möglichkeiten geprüft, die Genesis der Alpinfauna zu erkennen und die autochtonen Elemente, alte und junge, von den migratorischen zu trennen. Unter letzteren herrschen die nördlichen Migranten vor, aber es sind einige angarische Waldgattungen von Osten dazugekommen. In allen untersuchten Fällen ist das migratorische Element dominant, das autochtone viel weniger bedeutend. Die Besiedlung der hohen Berge scheint bei der Lokalfauna eine sehr lange Zeit in Anspruch zu nehmen und die Mehrzahl der Alpinarten dürfte sehr jung sein. Diese Feststellungen gaben Anlaß, den Ursprung gewisser Alpingruppen im Norden zu suchen, teilweise in Skandinavien und teilweise im Ural.RésuméLe travail comporte une revision de la faune alpine des Coleopteres, principalement de l'Europe, Afrique et Asie, etablie sur des donnees personnelles et celles puisees dans la litterature, sans vouloir pretendre toutefois a leur etude integrale. Il a ete egalement tenu compte de quelques communications personnelles (de K. Arnim, G. Ball, P. Basilevski, A. Bogatshev, L. Kocher). On a signale quelques particularites ethologiques de cette faune, le röle, joue probablement dans sa formation par certains facteurs du milieu, notam ment par les rayons ultraviolets, et on a tente d'expliquer la cause de l'apterisme, si frequent chez les espe ces alpines. Le dernier chapitre presente u,n essai sur la genese de la faune alpine dans la quelle on distingue les elements autochtones, anciens et recents, et migrateurs. Parmi ces derniers dominent les elements nordiques, mais quelques genres sylvestres angariens sont de provenance orientale. Dans tous les cas etudies l'element migrateur est preponderant, l'autochtone bien mo ins important. Il semble, que le peuplement des hautes montagnes par la faune locale necessite un temps tres long et que la majorite des especes alpines est d'epoque fort recente. Ces constatations ont entraine l'attribution d'une origine nordique a certains groupes alpins, qui semblent provenir en partie de la Scandinavie et en partie de l'Oural

16S rRNA gene profiling and genome reconstruction reveal community metabolic interactions and prebiotic potential of medicinal herbs used in neurodegenerative disease and as nootropics.

The prebiotic potential of nervine herbal medicines has been scarcely studied. We therefore used anaerobic human fecal cultivation to investigate whether medicinal herbs commonly used as treatment in neurological health and disease in Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine modulate gut microbiota. Profiling of fecal cultures supplemented with either Kapikacchu, Gotu Kola, Bacopa/Brahmi, Shankhapushpi, Boswellia/Frankincense, Jatamansi, Bhringaraj, Guduchi, Ashwagandha or Shatavari by 16S rRNA sequencing revealed profound changes in diverse taxa. Principal coordinate analysis highlights that each herb drives the formation of unique microbial communities predicted to display unique metabolic potential. The relative abundance of approximately one-third of the 243 enumerated species was altered by all herbs. Additional species were impacted in an herb-specific manner. In this study, we combine genome reconstruction of sugar utilization and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) pathways encoded in the genomes of 216 profiled taxa with monosaccharide composition analysis of each medicinal herb by quantitative mass spectrometry to enhance the interpretation of resulting microbial communities and discern potential drivers of microbiota restructuring. Collectively, our results indicate that gut microbiota engage in both protein and glycan catabolism, providing amino acid and sugar substrates that are consumed by fermentative species. We identified taxa that are efficient amino acid fermenters and those capable of both amino acid and sugar fermentation. Herb-induced microbial communities are predicted to alter the relative abundance of taxa encoding SCFA (butyrate and propionate) pathways. Co-occurrence network analyses identified a large number of taxa pairs in medicinal herb cultures. Some of these pairs displayed related culture growth relationships in replicate cultures highlighting potential functional interactions among medicinal herb-induced taxa

Detecting Proteomic Indicators to Distinguish Diabetic Nephropathy from Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis by Integrating Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging with High-Mass Accuracy Mass Spectrometry

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HN) represent the most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and many patients progress to -end-stage renal disease. Patients are treated primarily through the management of cardiovas-cular risk factors and hypertension; however patients with HN have a more favorable outcome. A noninvasive clinical approach to separate these two entities, especially in hypertensive patients who also have diabetes, would allow for targeted treatment and more appropriate resource allocation to those patients at the highest risk of CKD progression. Meth-ods: In this preliminary study, high-spatial-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ion-ization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was integrated with high-mass accuracy MALDI-FTICR-MS and nLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis in order to detect tissue proteins within kidney biopsies to discriminate cases of DN (n = 9) from cases of HN (n = 9). Results: Differences in the tryptic peptide profiles of the 2 groups could clearly be detected, with these becoming even more evident in the more severe histological classes, even if this was not evident with routine histology. In particular, 4 putative proteins were detected and had a higher signal intensity within regions of DN tissue with extensive sclerosis or fibrosis. Among these, 2 proteins (PGRMC1 and CO3) had a signal intensity that increased at the latter stages of the disease and may be associated with progression. Discussion/conclusion: This preliminary study represents a valuable starting point for a future study employing a larger cohort of patients to develop sensitive and specific protein biomarkers that could reliably differentiate between diabetic and hypertensive causes of CKD to allow for improved diagnosis, fewer biopsy procedures, and refined treatment approaches for clinicians

Sunlight-assisted hydrogenation of CO2 into ethanol and C2+ hydrocarbons by sodium-promoted Co@C nanocomposites

[EN] The hydrogenation of CO2 into hydrocarbons promoted by the action of sunlight has been studied on Co nanoparticles covered by thin carbon layers. In particular, nearly 100% selectivity to hydrocarbons is obtained with increased selectivities towards C2 + hydrocarbons and alcohols (mainly ethanol) when using nanostructured materials comprising metallic cobalt nanoparticles, carbon layers, and sodium as promoter (NaCo@C). In the contrary, larger amount of CH4 and lower selectivity to C2 + hydrocarbons and alcohols were obtained in the conventional thermal catalytic process. When using Co@C nanoparticles in the absence of Na or bare Co3O4 as catalyst, methane is essentially the main product (selectivity > 96%). Control experiments in the presence of methanol as a hole scavenger suggest the role of light in generating charges by photon absorption as promoting factor. The reaction mechanism for photoassisted CO2 hydrogenation on the Co-based catalysts was investigated by near ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron (AP-XPS) and in situ Raman spectroscopies, which provided information on the role of light and Na promoter in the modulation of product distribution for CO2 hydrogenation. Spectroscopic studies suggested that surface CO2 dissociation to CO, the stabilization of CO adsorbed on the surface of Na-Co@C catalyst and the easy desorption of reaction products is a key step for photothermal CO2 hydrogenation to ethanol and C2 + hydrocarbons.L.L. thanks ITQ for providing a contract. A.V.P. thanks the Spanish Government (Agencia Estatal de Investigacion) and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund) for a grant for young researchers (CTQ2015-74138-JIN, AEI/FEDER/UE). J.C. thanks the Spanish Government-MINECO for a "Severo Ochoa" grant (BES-2015-075748). The AP-XPS experiments were performed at NAPP endstation of CIRCE beamline at ALBA Synchrotron with the collaboration of ALBA staff. The authors also thank the Microscopy Service of UPV for kind help on FESEM, TEM and STEM measurements. Financial supports from the Spanish Government-MINECO through "Severo Ochoa" (SEV-2016-0683) program are also gratefully acknowledged.Liu, L.; Puga, AV.; Cored-Bandrés, J.; Concepción Heydorn, P.; Pérez-Dieste, V.; García Gómez, H.; Corma Canós, A. (2018). Sunlight-assisted hydrogenation of CO2 into ethanol and C2+ hydrocarbons by sodium-promoted Co@C nanocomposites. Applied Catalysis B Environmental. 235:186-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.04.060S18619623

Detecting proteomic indicators to distinguish diabetic nephropathy from hypertensive nephrosclerosis by integrating matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging with high-mass accuracy mass spectrometry

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HN) represent the most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and many patients progress to -end-stage renal disease. Patients are treated primarily through the management of cardiovas-cular risk factors and hypertension; however patients with HN have a more favorable outcome. A noninvasive clinical approach to separate these two entities, especially in hypertensive patients who also have diabetes, would allow for targeted treatment and more appropriate resource allocation to those patients at the highest risk of CKD progression. Meth-ods: In this preliminary study, high-spatial-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ion-ization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was integrated with high-mass accuracy MALDI-FTICR-MS and nLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis in order to detect tissue proteins within kidney biopsies to discriminate cases of DN (n = 9) from cases of HN (n = 9). Results: Differences in the tryptic peptide profiles of the 2 groups could clearly be detected, with these becoming even more evident in the more severe histological classes, even if this was not evident with routine histology. In particular, 4 putative proteins were detected and had a higher signal intensity within regions of DN tissue with extensive sclerosis or fibrosis. Among these, 2 proteins (PGRMC1 and CO3) had a signal intensity that increased at the latter stages of the disease and may be associated with progression. Discussion/Conclusion: This preliminary study represents a valuable starting point for a future study employing a larger cohort of patients to develop sensitive and specific protein biomarkers that could reliably differentiate between diabetic and hypertensive causes of CKD to allow for improved diagnosis, fewer biopsy procedures, and refined treatment approaches for clinicians.Proteomic

Light-Promoted Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide¿An Overview

[EN] Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide is considered as a viable strategy to generate fuels while closing the carbon cycle (heavily disrupted by the abuse in the exploitation of fossil resources) and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The process can be performed by heat-powered catalytic processes, albeit conversion and selectivity tend to be reduced at increasing temperatures owing to thermodynamic constraints. Recent investigations, as summarised in this overview, have proven that light activation is a distinct possibility for the promotion of CO2 hydrogenation to fuels. This effect is particularly beneficial in methanation processes, which can be enhanced under simulated solar irradiation using materials based on metallic nanoparticles as catalysts. The use of nickel, ruthenium and rhodium has led to substantial efficiencies. Light-promoted processes entail performances on a par with (or even superior to) those of thermally-induced, industrially-relevant, commercial technologies.The author thanks the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO) for financial support via a project for young researchers (CTQ2015-74138-JIN), and the ‘‘Severo Ochoa’’ programme (SEV 2012-0267). The European Union is also acknowledged for the SynCatMatch project (ERCAdG-2014-671093)Puga Vaca, A. (2016). Light-Promoted Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide¿An Overview. Topics in Catalysis. 59(15-16):1268-1278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-016-0658-zS126812785915-16Centi G, Perathoner S (2009) Opportunities and prospects in the chemical recycling of carbon dioxide to fuels. Catal Today 148:191–205Aresta M, Dibenedetto A, Angelini A (2014) Catalysis for the valorization of exhaust carbon: from CO2 to chemicals, materials, and fuels. technological use of CO2. 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Forty years of carabid beetle research in Europe - from taxonomy, biology, ecology and population studies to bioindication, habitat assessment and conservation

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