Оценка влияния либерализации торговли на экономический рост стран Меркосур

This study intends to evaluate the impact of trade liberalisation on economic growth; import tariff is used as a proxy for underlying liberalisation. An empirical analysis was conducted on the Mercosur countries all of which, five years after their accession to the WTO, were demonstrating a consistent tendency towards liberalisation, agricultural and food trade both included, over almost ten years. The time period is seven consecutive years, from 2001 to 2007. Panel data regression models are used; a number of control variables are also included. The study concludes that there is a slight positive impact of liberalisation on growth, no matter the model being used.Рассматривается влияние либерализации торговли посредством сокращения импортного тарифа на экономический рост. Эмпирический анализ проводится для четырех стран Меркосур. Используется метод регрессионного анализа панельных данных; в модель регрессии вводится ряд переменных контроля, которые предположительно также оказывают некоторое воздействие на рост. Делается вывод о существовании слабого влияния сокращения импортного тарифа на рост

Charged particle acceleration by an intense wake-field excited in plasmas by either laser pulse or relativistic electron bunch

The results from theoretical and experimental studies, as well as from 2.5-dimensional (2.5-D) numerical simulation of plasma wake field excitation, by either relativistic electron bunch, laser pulse, and the charged particle wake field acceleration are discussed. The results of these investigations make it possible to evaluate the potentialities of the wake field acceleration method and to analyze whether it can serve as a basis for creating a new generation of devices capable of charged particle accelerating at substantially higher (on the order of two to three magnitudes) rates in comparison with those achievable in classical linear high-frequency (resonant) accelerators

Charged particle (CP) acceleration by an intense wake-field (WF) excited in plasmas by either laser pulse (LP) or relativistic electron bunch (REB)

In the present paper the results from theoretical and experimental studies as well as from 2.5-D numerical simulation of both the plasma WF excitation by either REB or LP and the CPWF acceleration are discussed. The results of these investigations make it possible to evaluate the potentialities of the WF acceleration method and to analyse whether it can serve as basis for creating a new generation of devices capable of accelerating CP at substantially higher (by two to three orders of magnitude) rates in comparison with those achievable in classical linear high-frequency (resonant) accelerators

Plasma wake-field acceleration of charged particles by selfmodulated long relativistic electron bunch

- High-amplitude plasma wake-waves are excited by high-density relativistic electron bunches (REB) moving in a plasma. The wake- fields can be used to accelerate charged particles, to serve as electrostatic wigglers in freeelectron plasma lasers (FEL), and also can find many other applications. The electromagnetic fields in the region occupied by the bunch control the dynamics of the bunch itself. In particular, the transverse forces cause a strong compression (pinching) of bunches having small transverse dimensions (kprb << 1, where kp = ωp/c, ωp is the plasma frequency, c is the light velocity, and rb is the radius of the bunch). This phenomenon is at the basis of operation of plasma lenses that can be used to focus ultrahigh energy particles. The longitudinal fields give rise to longitudinal modulation of an electron bunch. Specifically, an originally uniform bunch evolves into individual microbunches. This paper presents the results of 2.5-dimensional numerical simulation of both the modulation of long REB in a plasma and the excitation of wake fields by these bunches. The previous one-dimensional study has shown that the density profile modulation of a long bunch moving in plasma results in the growth of the wake wave amplitude. This is explained by the fact that the wake fields generated by microbunches being due to the evolution of the initially uniform bunch during the modulation, are coherent. The bunch modulation occurs at the plasma frequency. The present study is concerned with the REB motion, taking into account the plasma and REB nonlinearities. It is demonstrated that the radial REB dynamics exerts primary effect on both the REB self-modulation and the wake field excitation by the bunches formed

High statistics study of the K- -> pi0 e- nu decay

The decay K- -> pi0 e- nu has been studied using in-flight decays detected with the "ISTRA+" spectrometer working at the 25 GeV negative secondary beam of the U-70 PS. About 550K events were used for the analysis. The lambda+ parameter of the vector form-factor has been measured: lambda+ = 0.0286 +- 0.0008 (stat) +- 0.0006(syst). The limits on the possible tensor and scalar couplings have been obtained: f(T)/f+(0)=0.021 +0.064 -0.075 (stat) +- 0.026(syst) ; f(S)/f+(0)=0.002 +0.020 -0.022 (stat) +- 0.003(syst)Comment: LaTeX-2e, epsfig.sty, 10 pages, 7 figures in EPS forma

Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b, leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W' boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

A search for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons is described. The analysis is performed using a dataset recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 inverse femtobarns. Limits are set on the cross section of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to two photons. The expected exclusion limit at 95% confidence level is between 1.4 and 2.4 times the standard model cross section in the mass range between 110 and 150 GeV. The analysis of the data excludes, at 95% confidence level, the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in the mass range 128 to 132 GeV. The largest excess of events above the expected standard model background is observed for a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 124 GeV with a local significance of 3.1 sigma. The global significance of observing an excess with a local significance greater than 3.1 sigma anywhere in the search range 110-150 GeV is estimated to be 1.8 sigma. More data are required to ascertain the origin of this excess.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Measurement of the Lambda(b) cross section and the anti-Lambda(b) to Lambda(b) ratio with Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda decays in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The Lambda(b) differential production cross section and the cross section ratio anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) are measured as functions of transverse momentum pt(Lambda(b)) and rapidity abs(y(Lambda(b))) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are based on Lambda(b) decays reconstructed in the exclusive final state J/Psi Lambda, with the subsequent decays J/Psi to an opposite-sign muon pair and Lambda to proton pion, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.9 inverse femtobarns. The product of the cross section times the branching ratio for Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda versus pt(Lambda(b)) falls faster than that of b mesons. The measured value of the cross section times the branching ratio for pt(Lambda(b)) > 10 GeV and abs(y(Lambda(b))) < 2.0 is 1.06 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.12 nb, and the integrated cross section ratio for anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) is 1.02 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.09, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Measurement of isolated photon production in pp and PbPb collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV

Isolated photon production is measured in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energies of 2.76 TeV in the pseudorapidity range |eta|<1.44 and transverse energies ET between 20 and 80 GeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The measured ET spectra are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions. The ratio of PbPb to pp isolated photon ET-differential yields, scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions, is consistent with unity for all PbPb reaction centralities.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Search for new physics in events with opposite-sign leptons, jets, and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model (BSM) in final states with a pair of opposite-sign isolated leptons accompanied by jets and missing transverse energy. The search uses LHC data recorded at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 5 inverse femtobarns. Two complementary search strategies are employed. The first probes models with a specific dilepton production mechanism that leads to a characteristic kinematic edge in the dilepton mass distribution. The second strategy probes models of dilepton production with heavy, colored objects that decay to final states including invisible particles, leading to very large hadronic activity and missing transverse energy. No evidence for an event yield in excess of the standard model expectations is found. Upper limits on the BSM contributions to the signal regions are deduced from the results, which are used to exclude a region of the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Additional information related to detector efficiencies and response is provided to allow testing specific models of BSM physics not considered in this paper.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO