El teorema de Abel para la lemniscata

En este artículo demostramos el teorema de Abel para la lemniscata sin la ayuda de la teoría de las funciones elípticas y sin referencia alguna a la moderna teoría de campos. Los ingredientes esenciales de la demostración son las funciones lemniscáticas de Gauss y algunas nociones elementales sobre factorización en el anillo de los polinomios con coeficientes racionales. El procedimiento es muy poderoso. En verdad, no sólo probamos que la construcción geométrica es posible, sino que indicamos las operaciones algebraicas que realizan la construcción

Prokaryotic picoplankton distribution within the oxygen minimum zone of the central Mexican Pacific across environmental gradients

O picophytoplankton marinho tornou-se uma questão importante para compreender a ecologia global das formas fototróficas, devido à sua ampla distribuição e contribuição para a biomassa e a produtividade. Estudamos os pigmentos de abundância, distribuição e assinatura do picofitoplâncton procarionte Prochlorococcus e Synechococcus durante um cruzeiro oceanográfico no Pacífico central mexicano, uma zona mínima de oxigênio relativamente poco conhecida (OMZ) e o efeito de três gradientes ambientais. As abundâncias de Prochlorococcus e Synechococcus foram comparáveis às encontradas em outras áreas tropicais (0.17 to 30.37 X 104 células mL1, e 0.9 to 30.97 X 104 células mL-1, respectivamente). As abundâncias de Prochlorococcus atingiram o maior número em águas mais profundas, coincidindo frequentemente com a segunda intensidade de fluorescência in situ profunda (e clorofila a), em estações oceânicas, abaixo da nitratoclina, enquanto as abundâncias de Synechococcus foram maiores nas águas de subsuperficie e sua concentração máxima geralmente coincidiu com os máximos de subsuperficie de fluorescência in situ, com abundâncias ligeiramente mais altas nas estações costeiras. As análises estatísticas suportam significativamente esses resultados. A distribuição da divinil-clorofila a foi errática ao longo da coluna de água e coincidiu ocasionalmente com os máximos de fluorescência in situ profundos, enquanto que a distribuição da zeaxantina seguiu geralmente a da clorofila a e as abundâncias de Synechococcus e atingiu o pico. Estes resultados são semelhantes aos encontrados anteriormente na área de estudo e em zonas mais temperadas, e também à tendência geral na OMZ, mas confirmam que a clorofila profunda a maxima é atribuída a altas densidades de Prochlorococcus. Além disso, encontramos a abundância e distribuição de Prochlorococcus e Synechococcus fortemente conduzida pelos gradientes ambientais observados.Marine picophytoplankton has become an important issue to understand the global ecology of phototrophic forms, due to its wide distribution and contribution to biomass and productivity. We studied the abundance, distribution and signature pigments of the prokaryote picophytoplankters Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus during an oceanographic cruise (26 April to 7 May, 2011) in the central Mexican Pacific, a relatively poorlyknown oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), and the effect of three environmental gradients. Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus abundances were comparable with those found in other tropical areas (0.17 to 30.37 X 104 cells mL-1, and 0.9 to 30.97 X 104 cells mL-1, respectively). Prochlorococcus abundances reached highest numbers in deeper waters, often coinciding with the second deep in situ fluorescence (and chlorophyll α) maxima, at oceanic stations, below the nitratecline, whereas Synechococcus abundances were higher at subsurface waters and its concentration maxima usually coincided with the subsurface in situ fluorescence maxima, with slightly higher abundances in coastal stations. Statistical analyses support significantly these results. Distribution of divinyl-chlorophyll α was erratic along the water column and occasionally coincided with the deep in situ fluorescence maxima, whereas the distribution of zeaxanthin usually followed that of chlorophyll α and the abundances of Synechococcus, and peaked together. These results are similar to those previously found in the study area and in more temperate zones, and also to the general trend in OMZ, but confirm that the second deep chlorophyll α maxima are attributed to high Prochlorococcus densities. We additionally found the abundance and distribution of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus strongly driven by the environmental gradients observed

Reproductive strategy of male and female eastern spiny lizards Sceloporus spinosus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) from a region of the Chihuahuan Desert, México

We examined the reproductive strategy of male (n = 84) and female (n = 62) S. spinosus from a single population in San Luis Potosí, México. The male reproductive cycle peaked in March and April and declined from May to September, and was not correlated with fat body mass, but was positively correlated with liver mass. The female reproductive cycle peaked in April and May and declined from June through November, and was not correlated with fat body mass, but was correlated with liver mass. Mean clutch size based on oviductal eggs was 17.5 ± 1.9 (n = 12), and was not correlated with female snout-vent length. Our results for S. spinosus are generally similar to those of other populations of the S. spinosus species group. However, there are differences in some traits (e.g., timing of the initiation of the female reproductive cycle; clutch size), suggesting that the S. spinosus group could serve as another model group within Sceloporus to explore ecological and evolutionary causes of among population life history variation

A SNP assay for assessing diversity in immune genes in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.)

With a growing number of parasites and pathogens experiencing large-scale range expansions, monitoring diversity in immune genes of host populations has never been so important because it can inform on the adaptive potential to resist the invaders. Population surveys of immune genes are becoming common in many organisms, yet they are missing in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.), a key managed pollinator species that has been severely affected by biological invasions. To fill the gap, here we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a wide range of honey bee immune genes and developed a medium-density assay targeting a subset of these genes. Using a discovery panel of 123 whole-genomes, representing seven A. mellifera subspecies and three evolutionary lineages, 180 immune genes were scanned for SNPs in exons, introns (< 4 bp from exons), 3’ and 5´UTR, and < 1 kb upstream of the transcription start site. After application of multiple filtering criteria and validation, the final medium-density assay combines 91 quality-proved functional SNPs marking 89 innate immune genes and these can be readily typed using the high-sample-throughput iPLEX MassARRAY system. This medium-density-SNP assay was applied to 156 samples from four countries and the admixture analysis clustered the samples according to their lineage and subspecies, suggesting that honey bee ancestry can be delineated from functional variation. In addition to allowing analysis of immunogenetic variation, this newly-developed SNP assay can be used for inferring genetic structure and admixture in the honey bee.We are deeply indebted to Frank Aguiar, Luís Silva, Edgardo Melo, João Martins, João Melo, Manuel Moura, Manuel Viveiros, and Ricardo Sousa from "Direção Regional da Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural dos Açores" (Portugal), and to Laura Garreau, Laurent Maugis, Pascale Sauvage and Jacques Kermagoret, from “Association Conservatoire de l’Abeille Noir Bretonne” (France), for sampling the apiaries in São Miguel, Santa Maria, and Ouessant islands. Genotyping was outsourced to the Epigenetics and Genotyping laboratory, Central Unit for Research in Medicine (UCIM), University of Valencia, Spain. Data analyses were performed using computational resources at the Research Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics (CeDRI), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. Ana Rita Lopes is supported by a PhD scholarship (SFRH/BD/143627/2019) from the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal. FCT provided financial support by national funds (FCT/MCTES) to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020).This research was funded through the projects BEEHAPPY (POCI-01-0145- FEDER-029871, FCT and COMPETE/QREN/EU) and BEEHEAL. BEEHEAL was funded by the ARIMNet2 2016 Call by the following agencies: INIA (Spain), MOARD (Israel), ANR (France) and FCT (Portugal). ARIMNet2 (ERA-NET) received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 618127.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The HRA2pl fusion peptide exerts in vitro antiviral activity against human respiratory paramyxoviruses and pneumoviruses

Acute respiratory infections are a group of diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites that mainly affect children until the age of 5 and immunocompromised senior adults. In Mexico, these infections are the main cause of morbidity in children, with more than 26 million cases of respiratory infections reported by the Secretariat of Health, in 2019. The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), the human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and the human parainfluenza-2 (hPIV-2) are responsible for many respiratory infections. Currently, palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody against the fusion protein F, is the treatment of choice against hRSV infections. This protein is being studied for the design of antiviral peptides that act by inhibiting the fusion of the virus and the host cell. Therefore, we examined the antiviral activity of the HRA2pl peptide, which competes the heptad repeat A domain of the F protein of hMPV. The recombinant peptide was obtained using a viral transient expression system. The effect of the fusion peptide was evaluated with an in vitro entry assay. Moreover, the effectiveness of HRA2pl was examined in viral isolates from clinical samples obtained from patients with infections caused by hRSV, hMPV, or hPIV-2, by evaluating the viral titer and the syncytium size. The HRA2pl peptide affected the viruses’ capacity of entry, resulting in a 4-log decrease in the viral titer compared to the untreated viral strains. Additionally, a 50% reduction in the size of the syncytium was found. These results demonstrate the antiviral potential of HRA2pl in clinical samples, paving the way toward clinical trials

Epidemiology of the Microsporidium Nosema ceranae in Four Mediterranean Countries

Nosema ceranae is a highly prevalent intracellular parasite of honey bees’ midgut worldwide. This Microsporidium was monitored during a long-term study to evaluate the infection at apiary and intra-colony levels in six apiaries in four Mediterranean countries (France, Israel, Portugal, and Spain). Parameters on colony strength, honey production, beekeeping management, and climate were also recorded. Except for São Miguel (Azores, Portugal), all apiaries were positive for N. ceranae, with the lowest prevalence in mainland France and the highest intra-colony infection in Israel. A negative correlation between intra-colony infection and colony strength was observed in Spain and mainland Portugal. In these two apiaries, the queen replacement also influenced the infection levels. The highest colony losses occurred in mainland France and Spain, although they did not correlate with the Nosema infection levels, as parasitism was low in France and high in Spain. These results suggest that both the effects and the level of N. ceranae infection depends on location and beekeeping conditions. Further studies on host-parasite coevolution, and perhaps the interactions with other pathogens and the role of honey bee genetics, could assist in understanding the difference between nosemosis disease and infection, to develop appropriate strategies for its control

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass