Comparación de la actividad física por género y grasa corporal en escolares mexicanos

Our aim was to compare the intensity of physical activity using accelerometers and heart rate monitor during physical education class and recess in students of third and fourth grade of primary education according to gender and body fat percentage. Method: To determine the intensity of physical activity accelerometers ActiGraph-GT9X and heart rate monitors Polar-bluetooth were used, in 28 boys and 26 girls during 8 physical education classes and 8 recess, to determine the percentage of body fat as normal or high bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed using the Inbody-720 equipment. The equality of variance was calculated using the Student t test for independent samples resulting a P-value less than α≤0.005 with significant differences in physical education classes between the averages of moderate to vigorous physical activity (men: 0.003; women: 0.001) and heart rate beats/min (men: 0.001; women: 0.000) in participants with normal body fat compared to high. The intensity of physical activity during recess was higher in relation to physical education classes and with a moderate to vigorous physical activity less than 50% of time class, due, is important a feedback for teachers in strategies for involving students with increased risk of obesity in moderate to vigorous physical activity.Nuestro objetivo fue comparar la intensidad de actividad física mediante acelerómetros y monitores de frecuencia cardiaca durante la clase de educación física y el recreo en estudiantes de tercero y cuarto grado de primaria de acuerdo al género y porcentaje de grasa corporal. La intensidad de la actividad física se evaluó con acelerómetros ActiGraph-GT9X y monitores de frecuencia cardiaca Polar-bluetooth en 28 niños y 26 niñas durante 8 clases de educación física y  recreo, se clasificó el porcentaje de grasa como normal o alto mediante análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica utilizando el equipo Inbody-720. La igualdad de la varianza calculada con t-Student reportó una P-Valor menor a α≤0.005 con diferencias significativas en clases de educación física entre los promedios de la actividad física moderada a vigorosa (hombres: 0,003; mujeres: 0,001) y la frecuencia cardiaca lat/min (hombres: 0,001, mujeres: 0,000) en participantes con porcentaje de grasa normal en comparación con alta. La intensidad durante el recreo fue mayor que en educación física y con actividad física moderada a vigorosa inferior al 50%, por lo anterior es importante retroalimentar constructivamente la manera de impartir la educación física mediante capacitación con estrategias didácticas para involucrar en mayor actividad física a escolares con obesidad

Multiwavelength studies of MHD waves in the solar chromosphere: An overview of recent results

The chromosphere is a thin layer of the solar atmosphere that bridges the relatively cool photosphere and the intensely heated transition region and corona. Compressible and incompressible waves propagating through the chromosphere can supply significant amounts of energy to the interface region and corona. In recent years an abundance of high-resolution observations from state-of-the-art facilities have provided new and exciting ways of disentangling the characteristics of oscillatory phenomena propagating through the dynamic chromosphere. Coupled with rapid advancements in magnetohydrodynamic wave theory, we are now in an ideal position to thoroughly investigate the role waves play in supplying energy to sustain chromospheric and coronal heating. Here, we review the recent progress made in characterising, categorising and interpreting oscillations manifesting in the solar chromosphere, with an impetus placed on their intrinsic energetics.Comment: 48 pages, 25 figures, accepted into Space Science Review

Physics Implications of Flat Directions in Free Fermionic Superstring Models I: Mass Spectrum and Couplings

From the "top-down" approach we investigate physics implications of the class of D- and F- flat directions formed from non-Abelian singlets which are proven flat to all orders in the nonrenormalizable superpotential, for a prototype quasi-realistic free fermionic string model with the standard model gauge group and three families (CHL5). These flat directions have at least an additional U(1)' unbroken at the string scale. For each flat direction, the complete set of effective mass terms and effective trilinear superpotential terms in the observable sector are computed to all orders in the VEV's of the fields in the flat direction. The "string selection-rules" disallow a large number of couplings allowed by gauge invariance, resulting in a massless spectrum with a large number of exotics, in most cases excluded by experiment, thus signifying a generic flaw of these models. Nevertheless, the resulting trilinear couplings of the massless spectrum possess a number of interesting features which we analyse for two representative flat directions: for the fermion texture; baryon- and lepton-number violating couplings; R-parity breaking; non-canonical mu terms; and the possibility of electroweak and intermediate scale symmetry breaking scenarios for U(1)'. The gauge coupling predictions are obtained in the electroweak scale case. Fermion masses possess t-b and tau-mu universality, with the string scale Yukawa couplings g and $g/\sqrt{2}$, respectively. Fermion textures are present for certain flat directions, but only in the down-quark sector. Baryon- and lepton- number violating couplings can trigger proton-decay, $N-{\bar N}$ oscillations, leptoquark interactions and R-parity violation, leading to the absence of a stable LSP.Comment: 36 pages, 5 tables, 4 figures, RevTeX, minor change

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

We show the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three available genomic nomenclature systems for SARS-CoV-2 to all sequence data from the WHO European Region available during the COVID-19 pandemic until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation. We provide a comparison of the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.Peer reviewe

Track A Basic Science

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138319/1/jia218438.pd

Strong floristic distinctiveness across Neotropical successional forests

Forests that regrow naturally on abandoned fields are important for restoring biodiversity and ecosystem services, but can they also preserve the distinct regional tree floras? Using the floristic composition of 1215 early successional forests (≤20 years) in 75 human-modified landscapes across the Neotropic realm, we identified 14 distinct floristic groups, with a between-group dissimilarity of 0.97. Floristic groups were associated with location, bioregions, soil pH, temperature seasonality, and water availability. Hence, there is large continental-scale variation in the species composition of early successional forests, which is mainly associated with biogeographic and environmental factors but not with human disturbance indicators. This floristic distinctiveness is partially driven by regionally restricted species belonging to widespread genera. Early secondary forests contribute therefore to restoring and conserving the distinctiveness of bioregions across the Neotropical realm, and forest restoration initiatives should use local species to assure that these distinct floras are maintained

Measurement of the gamma ray background in the Davis Cavern at the Sanford Underground Research Facility

Deep underground environments are ideal for low background searches due to the attenuation of cosmic rays by passage through the earth. However, they are affected by backgrounds from γ-rays emitted by 40K and the 238U and 232Th decay chains in the surrounding rock. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a liquid xenon TPC located within the Davis campus at the Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota, at the 4,850-foot level. In order to characterise the cavern background, in-situ γ-ray measurements were taken with a sodium iodide detector in various locations and with lead shielding. The integral count rates (0--3300~keV) varied from 596~Hz to 1355~Hz for unshielded measurements, corresponding to a total flux in the cavern of 1.9±0.4~γ cm−2s−1. The resulting activity in the walls of the cavern can be characterised as 220±60~Bq/kg of 40K, 29±15~Bq/kg of 238U, and 13±3~Bq/kg of 232Th