Identification and abundance of fungal flora in egg, and larvae of Acipenser persicus in Shahid Beheshti Sturgeon Rearing Center (2007)

Fungal flora in egg, yolk sac larvae and larvae of Acipenser persicus were identified and studied. Totally, 270 specimens from Shahid Beheshti Sturgeon Rearing Center were examined. A heterogeneous solution from samples was prepared and inoculated on culture media SDA+C and CMA+C in lines under sterile conditions. Wet mounts were prepared for the identification of Saprolegnia sp. and the inoculants were cultured on culture media GP containing gentamycin and chloramphenicol. We found Penicillium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Yeast, Mucor sp., Aspergillus niger and Paecilomuces on egg samples in order of frequency and in water samples we observed Penicillium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Yeast, Mucor sp., Aspergillus niger, and Paecilomyces. Fungal species identified in yolk sac larvae included Penicilliium sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Yeast and in water samples we found Penicillium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, and Yeast, while in larvae we saw Cladosporium sp., Penicilliium sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Aspergilus fumigatus, Yeast and Mucor spp. In water samples containing larvae we were able to identify Cladosporium sp., Penicilliium sp., Fusarium sp., Yeast and Aspergilus niger. Fungal species such as Cladosporium sp., Penicillium, Fusarium, Yeast and Saprolegnia were detected in all four sampling mediums. T-test indicated no significant differences in total counts (colonies/2 plates in all samples) in eggs (15.08 ±3.51 colony forming unit; CFU) and in water (15.91± 2.63) samples. However, t-test indicated significant differences in total counts in yolk sac larvae (5.33 ±1.05) and in water (11.77 ±2.39) samples. T-test showed no significant differences in total counts of larvae (32 ±12.46) and water (31.11 ±12.79) samples

Non-surgical removal of some stones from a red tailed catfish (Phractocephalus hemioliopterus) stomach as gastric foreign bodies

A red-tailed catfish (Phractocephalus hemioliopterus) referred to Aquatic Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran for showing lethargy, bottom sitting, extension of abdomen and severe abdominal injuries. Its abdomen was swollen and the bulk of the foreign bodies were easily palpated. The heaviness of foreign bodies had made swimming and buoyancy difficult for fish. Several radiographic images were taken after anaesthetizing the catfish with 10% carvacrol, 2 drops in 1 liter of water. Radiographs revealed some stones with their size, number and location. Stones were removed non-surgically through the large oral cavity using suitable forceps. Totally 16 stones and 2 shells were removed from the stomach of the fish. The catfish was then returned to the water where normal swimming and buoyancy was restored

Infertile couples' perceived needs after unsuccessful fertility treatment: A qualitative study

Introduction: Infertility is a major medical issue. Investigations and treatment of infertility are the beginning of a complex, time-consuming and stressful process for couples that may fail well. The present study explored the needs of infertile couples following treatment failure with Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs). Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in an Iranian infertility center, in the Northeast of the country between April 2016 and June 2017. The researchers recruited 29 individuals including 9 couples, 9 women and two men with primary infertility through purposive sampling. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed iteratively, using conventional content analysis with MAXQDA software. Results: The main concepts obtained from the data were classified into one theme titled: ""The need for support"" and four main categories along with their subcategories, and included the need for psychological support, the need for more useful information, the need for social support and the need to access to supplementary services. Conclusion: The findings show that following treatment failure, the infertile patients’ expressed needs and preferences were not met. Identifying and meeting their needs may help the infertile couples to deal with ARTs failure and to reach a decision about future treatment

Iranian infertile couples' strategies to manage social interactions after unsuccessful treatments with assisted reproductive technologies

Many infertile couples feel vulnerable after failed treatment cycles and find insensitive remarks or inappropriate support distressing. They fear that the stress of failed treatment cycles may affect their marriage and lead to marriage breakdown. This study explored the strategies a sample of infertile couples used to manage social interactions after unsuccessful treatment with assisted reproductive technologies. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 34 participants including nine infertile couples, nine infertile women and two infertile men with primary infertility, two relatives, and three fertility clinic staff. The participants were selected through purposive sampling at an infertility centre in Iran, between 2016 and 2017. Data were collected using semi-structured face-to-face interviews and analysed by qualitative content analysis approach. Participants found some social interactions after failed assisted reproductive treatment cycles to be distressing and painful. They described tolerating painful emotions which cause them sadness and sorrow as well as feeling embarrassed. As a result, they found they needed to maintain their adopting concealment strategies with their families through not permitting speculation, selective disclosure, not giving details and hiding the truth. This study showed that social interactions following failed assisted reproductive cycles can be upsetting for infertile couples. Couples use different strategies to manage potentially distressing social interactions. Healthcare providers and psychologists may provide a space for safe social interactions in order to help couples to use appropriate strategies in these circumstances

Hemocytosis, a new disease in cultured shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus

Certain parasites can cause severe diseases in shrimp. Among these, protozoa are very important. The objective of our study was to describe the signs, prevalence, and intensity of hemocytosis, a new disease in shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus. The experimental design included three groups, one treatment as infected shrimp or group B and 2 controls with non-infected but exposure to White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) shrimp as group A and non-infected non-exposure to WSSV shrimp as group C in triplicate. The results revealed that Hemocytosis associated with a decrease in hyalinocytes and large-granulocytes (less than 8%) and a considerable increase in semi-granulocytes in group A and B in contrast to group C that Hyalinocyte increased. This infection made the shrimp susceptible to WSSV disease. It is believed that Hemocytosis causes a condition which can result in a rapid mortality among susceptible species, F. indicus when exposure to WSSV is occurred

Kapilarioza kod gajenih diskus riba (symphysodon aequifasciatus) u Iranu

Svetska trgovina dekorativnim ribama je industrija koja brzo raste. Gajenje i razmnožavanje dekorativnih riba se poslednjih dvadeset godina povećava u Iranu. Diskus (Symphysodon aequifasciatus), predstavnik Cichlidae je jedna od najpopularnijih i skupih akvarijumskih riba. Poslednjih nekoliko godina gajenje ove ribe je dobro razvijeno u Iranu. Dva odgajivača diskus ribe iz dva različita centra obratila su se laboratoriji za vodene bolesti Veterinarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Teheranu zbog znakova anoreksije, gubitka ravnoteže, slabosti i tamljenja kože (sa velikim mortalitetom). Posle pretrage na ektoparazite obavljen je postmortem pod optimalnim uslovima, napravljena bakterijska kultura sa standardnim medijumom i izdvojen alimentarni kanal. Kod obe ribe ektoparaziti nisu rađeni i bakterije nisu rasle na standardnim medijima. Pretragom unutrašnjosti kod svake ribe nađeno je 5-25 nematoda. Prema morfološkim karakteristikama nematoda i njihovih jaja, identifikovane su kao Capillaria sp. Tretiranje drugih riba sa levamisalom je bilo efikasno i gubici su bili zaustavljeni. Neke gliste kao Capillaria pterophylli Heinze, 1933 mogu da izazovu veliki mortalitet kod ciklidnih akvarijumskih riba. Ova ispitivanja su pokazala da infekcija sa nekim vrstama Capillaria može da izazove velike gubitke kod ciklida. Dijagnostifikovanje parazita kod ovih riba može da pomogne sprečavanje velikog mortaliteta

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Toxic effects of indoxacarb on gill and kidney histopathology and biochemical indicators in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical and histopathological effects of indoxacarb on an economic fish species Cyprinus carpio. The fish were divided into four triplicated groups exposed to either of 0 (control), 5 (0.75 mg/L), 10 (1.5 mg/L) or 20 (3 mg/L) of the pesticide LC50. Blood sampling was performed after 7, 14 and 21 days exposure. There were no changes in blood calcium levels at any times. In the indoxacarb-treated fish, chloride levels decreased at the first and increased at the second sampling compared to the control. In 3 mg/L treatment, phosphorus increased significantly after 7 days compared to the control. Plasma glucose levels decreased significantly at the 7th and 14th days sampling; however, it increased at the 21st day. After 7 days, creatinine level in 3 mg/L treatment was significantly lower than the control; however, the creatinine levels of indoxacarb treatments were higher than the control at the 21st day. The indoxacarb-treated fish had higher plasma urea levels compared to the control at the 7th day. At the 21st day, plasma urea level at 3 mg/L was significantly lower than the control treatment. Edema, Lamellar curling, hyperplasia, lamellar fusion and hyperaemia were observed in the indoxacarb-treated fish gill. Tubular necrosis, hematopoietic necrosis, melanomacrophage aggregates, Bowman's capsule edema, glomerulus degeneration and hyperaemia were observed in the indoxacarb-treated fish kidney. Generally, sublethal concentrations of indoxacarb cause stress, hydromineral imbalance, metabolism alteration and gill and kidney damages in common carp. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Lt

Modification of saltwater stress response in Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) pre-exposed to pesticide indoxacarb

To evaluate the effects of indoxacarb on saltwater stress response in Cyprinus carpio, the fish were pre-exposed to indoxacarb (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 mg/L denoted as CP, 0.75IT, 1.5IT and 3IT, respectively) for 21 days and then released to saltwater. A negative control (CN) group was included (the fish were held in indoxacarb-free water for the entire experiment). The fish were sampled immediately (0 h) and 24, 48 and 72 h after the salinity exposure for the analysis of plasma cortisol, glucose and sodium, chloride, potassium and calcium levels. All fish pre-exposed to 3 mg/L indoxacarb, died after the first day of salinity challenge. CP showed typical cortisol response after the salinity challenge, but, cortisol response of the fish pre-exposed to indoxacarb (0.75IT and 1.5IT) was blocked. Plasma glucose increased significantly in all groups compared to the CN; however, this elevation had no consistent trend in 0.75IT and 1.5IT which indicated interference in glucose response due to indoxacarb exposure. Plasma sodium increased (compared to CN) in all groups after the salinity challenge. However, elevation in plasma chloride and potassium was significantly different among the groups and the indoxacarb-treated fish showed slightly sooner ionic disturbance. The results clearly indicate that indoxacarb impairs stress response of C. carpio and the fish may not be able to respond normally to additional stressors, which threatens their survival. © 2017 Elsevier Inc