Función del gen Snai3 (Smuc) en la transición epitelio mesenquimal y en cáncer

[EN] The gene Snai3 is a member of the family Snail of factors of trascripción, whose members codify for factors of transcription with fingers of zinc. All of them share a similar organization, being formed by a carboxi-terminal highly preserved region, which contains from four to six of domains in fingers of zinc, and a much more divergent amino-terminal region. The function of the fingers of zinc is it of joining DNA's specific sequences named sequences And Stall, and across this union the proteins of the family Snail are going to be involved in very varied and relevant processes of the development, since it is the transition epithelium mesenquimal. Regarding the gene Snai3, it was described initially in the mouse, and recently it has been described in the human beings and in other species in vertebrates. He was considered to be a member of this family of factors of trascripción due to his homología by the members Snai1 and Snai2. Of the members Snai1 and Snai2 of the family Snail there exist numerous publications that indicate his function in processes as important as are the transition epithelium mesenquimal (EMT), importantly during the embryonic development as during the tumour development, the survival and the genesis of the cancer, the new emergent function of the above mentioned members. Nevertheless, there is not known the paper that Snai3 recovers in the cellular processes.[ES] El gen Snai3 es un miembro de la familia Snail de factores de trascripción, cuyos integrantes codifican para factores de transcripción con dedos de zinc. Todos ellos comparten una organización similar, estando formados por una región carboxi-terminal altamente conservada, que contiene de cuatro a seis de dominios en dedos de zinc, y una región amino-terminal mucho más divergente. La función de los dedos de zinc es la de unirse a secuencias específicas de DNA denominadas secuencias E-box, y a través de esta unión las proteínas de la familia Snail van a estar implicadas en procesos muy variados y relevantes del desarrollo, como es la transición epitelio mesenquimal. En lo que concierne al gen Snai3, se describió inicialmente en el ratón, y recientemente se ha descrito en los humanos y en otras especies en vertebrados. Fue considerado un miembro de esta familia de factores de trascripción debido a su homología con los miembros Snai1 y Snai2. De los miembros Snai1 y Snai2 de la familia Snail existen numerosas publicaciones que indican su función en procesos tan importantes como son la transición epitelio mesenquimal (EMT), importante durante el desarrollo embrionario como durante el desarrollo tumoral, la supervivencia y la génesis del cáncer, la nueva función emergente de dichos miembros. Sin embargo, se desconoce el papel que Snai3 desempeña en los procesos celulares

Integrated evaluation of investment and maintenance strategies for rail operation control systems

Der Gesamterfolg und damit die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Verkehrssystems Schiene wird wesentlich durch Art und Umfang der im Betrieb befindlichen Anlagen bestimmt. Entsprechend sind Investitionsentscheidungen in langlebige Bahntechnik umsichtig zu treffen. Investitions- und Instandhaltungsstrategie sind aufgrund ihrer Abhängigkeiten zueinander und wegen ihrer betriebswirtschaftlichen Relevanz als Kostentreiber gemeinschaftlich zu bewerten. Denn nur so gelingt es, die verfügbaren Ressourcen bestmöglich einzusetzen. Um dieses mehrdimensionale Entscheidungsumfeld umfassend abzubilden, muss ein den Entscheidungsprozess unterstützendes Instrumentarium vorliegen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde ein Bewertungsverfahren für Eisenbahninfrastrukturunternehmen entwickelt. Die vorliegende Arbeit umfasst * die Vorgehensweise bei der Aufstellung eines Wirtschaftlichkeitsbewertungsinstruments unter Berücksichtigung von Lebenszykluskosten und -nutzen, * die Möglichkeiten der Verwertung von Informationen aus Eisenbahnbetriebssimulationen für Investitionsstrategieentscheidungen, * die Bedeutung der Instandhaltung im Lebenszyklus von Eisenbahninfrastrukturanlagen sowie prinzipielle Instandhaltungsstrategien, * die Vorgehensweise bei der Instandhaltungsstrategiefindung und * die Instandhaltungsstrategiemodellierung aufbauend auf der Zustandsbeschreibung der Infrastrukturelemente. Die Anwendbarkeit des Verfahrens der integrierten Bewertung von Investitions- und Instandhaltungsstrategien wird abschließend anhand eines Fallbeispiels verdeutlicht. Im Ergebnis beschreibt die vorliegende Arbeit die Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes von Eisenbahnbetriebssimulationen, die Dringlichkeit von Nutzwertbetrachtungen sowie den hohen Erkenntnisgewinn durch die Instandhaltungsstrategiemodellierung im Investitionsentscheidungsprozess. Das Verfahren der integrierten Bewertung von Investitions- und Instandhaltungsstrategien ist ein, den Entscheidungsverantwortlichen unterstützendes Instrumentarium.The economical success and therefore the competitiveness of the rail traffic system are mainly determined by the kind and number of the infrastructure elements in service. Therefore careful investment decisions in long lasting rail infrastructure are necessary. Because of the interaction between investment and maintenance strategy and their economical impact as cost drivers they both have to be determined conjointly. Because only that way the best use of available resources can be realised. This makes the decision multidimensional, which asks for a supporting evaluation instrument. This awareness set the starting point for the development of a support system for rail infrastructure managers. This paper at hand includes the description of * how to build up a economy evaluation tool under consideration of life cycle costs and benefits, * the potentials of using information from railway operation simulations for investment decisions, * the economical relevance of maintenance throughout the life cycle of railway infrastructure elements and possible maintenance strategies, * how to define maintenance strategies conceivable for the investment alternative and * the modelling of maintenance strategies based on wear-out functions. The applicability of the method of an integrative evaluation of investment and maintenance strategy is illustrated through a case study. To sum up, the paper at hand describes the opportunities given through the use of train operation simulation, the necessity of benefit evaluations and the gain of knowledge through the modelling of maintenance strategies when making investment decisions. The persons in charge will be supported herein through the use of the integrative evaluation procedure of investment and maintenance strategy

Search for supersymmetry in events with b-quark jets and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for physics beyond the standard model based on events with large missing transverse energy, at least three jets, and at least one, two, or three b-quark jets. The study is performed using a sample of proton-proton collision data collected at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2011. The integrated luminosity of the sample is 4.98 inverse femtobarns. The observed number of events is found to be consistent with the standard model expectation, which is evaluated using control samples in the data. The results are used to constrain cross sections for the production of supersymmetric particles decaying to b-quark-enriched final states in the context of simplified model spectra.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review

Measurement of the underlying event activity in pp collisions at √s = 0.9 and 7 TeV with the novel jet-area/median approach

Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- Chatrchyan, S. et al.The first measurement of the charged component of the underlying event using the novel >jet-area/median> approach is presented for proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 0.9 and 7 TeV. The data were recorded in 2010 with the CMS experiment at the LHC. A new observable, sensitive to soft particle production, is introduced and investigated inclusively and as a function of the event scale defined by the transverse momentum of the leading jet. Various phenomenological models are compared to data, with and without corrections for detector effects. None of the examined models describe the data satisfactorily. © 2012 SISSA.Acknowledge support from BMWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER, SF0690030s09 and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France);BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MSI (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); ThEP, IPST and NECTEC (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Austrian Science Fund (FWF); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWTBelgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); and the HOMING PLUS program of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund.Peer Reviewe

Measurement of the prompt J/psi and psi(2S) polarizations in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The polarizations of prompt J/psi and psi(2S) mesons are measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using a dimuon data sample collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 inverse femtobarns. The prompt J/psi and psi(2S) polarization parameters lambda[theta], lambda[phi], and lambda[theta, phi], as well as the frame-invariant quantity lambda(tilde), are measured from the dimuon decay angular distributions in three different polarization frames. The J/psi results are obtained in the transverse momentum range 14 < pt < 70 GeV, in the rapidity intervals abs(y) < 0.6 and 0.6 < abs(y) < 1.2. The corresponding psi(2S) results cover 14 < pt < 50 GeV and include a third rapidity bin, 1.2 < abs(y) < 1.5. No evidence of large transverse or longitudinal polarizations is seen in these kinematic regions, which extend much beyond those previously explored

Search for Pair Production of Third-Generation Leptoquarks and Top Squarks in pp Collisions at √s=7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for the pair production of third-generation scalar and vector leptoquarks, as well as for top squarks in R-parity-violating supersymmetric models. In either scenario, the new, heavy particle decays into a τ lepton and a b quark. The search is based on a data sample of pp collisions at √s=7  TeV, which is collected by the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.8  fb[superscript -1]. The number of observed events is found to be in agreement with the standard model prediction, and exclusion limits on mass parameters are obtained at the 95% confidence level. Vector leptoquarks with masses below 760 GeV are excluded and, if the branching fraction of the scalar leptoquark decay to a τ lepton and a b quark is assumed to be unity, third-generation scalar leptoquarks with masses below 525 GeV are ruled out. Top squarks with masses below 453 GeV are excluded for a typical benchmark scenario, and limits on the coupling between the top squark, τ lepton, and b quark, λ333′ are obtained. These results are the most stringent for these scenarios to date

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good