Amplification of the runaway electrons flow in the Uragan-3М torsatron

In this work the results of amplification of the runaway electrons flow and interaction runaway electrons with RF-heating wave on the Uragan-3M torsatron are presented. Results described in the article confirm using runaway electrons for gas breakdown. The results allow making some recommendations for using of self-created flows of accelerated particles for stimulation of gas breakdown.Наведено результати експериментальних досліджень щодо посилення потоку утікаючих електронів, а також взаємодії потоку утікаючих електронів з електромагнітним полем хвилі, що збуджується високочастотним імпульсом у торсатроні Ураган-3М. Отримані результати підтверджують можливість пробою газу утікаючими електронами. Це дозволяє представити ряд рекомендацій по використанню потоків прискорених частинок для стимуляції високочастотного пробою.Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований по усилению потока убегающих электронов, а также взаимодействию потока убегающих электронов с электромагнитным полем волны, возбуждаемой высокочастотным импульсом в торсатроне Ураган-3М. Полученные результаты подтверждают возможность пробоя газа убегающими электронами. Это позволяет представить ряд рекомендаций по использованию самопроизвольно формирующихся потоков ускоренных частиц для стимуляции высокочастотного пробоя

Influence of working gas pulse injection and fluctuations of the magnetic field on the runaway electrons dynamics in Uragan-3M

Generation of runaway electrons in fusion experiments can drive to serious damage of plasma devices components. Injection of gas with a large mass number decreases the generation processes. Also, magnetic perturbations decrease generation of runaway electrons by increasing the loss rate. We investigated the influence of working gas pulse injection and natural fluctuations of the magnetic confining field on runaway electrons dynamics. The interaction of runaway electrons with an Alfven wave in plasma is noted.Генерація утікаючих електронів в експериментах синтезу може привести до серйозного пошкодження компонентів плазмових пристроїв. Інжекція важкого газу зменшує процеси генерації. Магнітні збурення також пригнічують генерацію утікаючих електронів за рахунок збільшення швидкості втрат. Досліджено вплив імпульсного напуску газу і природних флуктуацій утримуючого магнітного поля на динаміку утікаючих електронів. Відзначено взаємодія утікаючих електронів з альфвеновською хвилею в плазмі.Генерация убегающих электронов в экспериментах синтеза может привести к серьезному повреждению компонентов плазменных устройств. Инжекция тяжелого газа уменьшает процессы генерации. Магнитные возмущения также подавляют генерацию убегающих электронов за счет увеличения скорости потерь. Исследовалось влияние импульсного напускающего газа и естественных флуктуаций удерживающего магнитного поля на динамику убегающих электронов. Отмечено взаимодействие убегающих электронов с альфвеновской волной в плазме

The dynamics of inductively accelerated electrons in the U-3M torsatron

Additional experimental data for the runaway electrons flow in the Uragan-3M torsatron were obtained. In particular the synchrotron and ultrahigh frequency radiation were measured. Also the flow current dynamics was studied by Rogovski coil and toroidal loop. Finally the experiments with the runaway flow stimulation were carried out.Получены дополнительные экспериментальные данные о динамике потока убегающих электронов в торсатроне Ураган-3М. Произведены измерения синхротронного и СВЧ-излучения потока, получены результаты измерений тока потока и напряжения на обходе стелларатора. Кроме того, проведены эксперименты по стимуляции потока убегающих электронов.Отримано додаткові експериментальні дані щодо динаміки потоку утікаючих електронів у торсатроні Ураган-3М. Проведено вимірювання синхротронного та НВЧ-випромінювання потоку, отримано дані вимірювань струму потоку та напруги на обході стеларатора. Проведено експерименти зі стимуляції потоку утікаючих електронів

Albumin Is a Component of the Esterase Status of Human Blood Plasma

open access articleThe esterase status of blood plasma can claim to be one of the universal markers of various diseases; therefore, it deserves attention when searching for markers of the severity of COVID-19 and other infectious and non-infectious pathologies. When analyzing the esterase status of blood plasma, the esterase activity of serum albumin, which is the major protein in the blood of mammals, should not be ignored. The purpose of this study is to expand understanding of the esterase status of blood plasma and to evaluate the relationship of the esterase status, which includes information on the amount and enzymatic activity of human serum albumin (HSA), with other biochemical parameters of human blood, using the example of surviving and deceased patients with confirmed COVID-19. In experiments in vitro and in silico, the activity of human plasma and pure HSA towards various substrates was studied, and the effect of various inhibitors on this activity was tested. Then, a comparative analysis of the esterase status and a number of basic biochemical parameters of the blood plasma of healthy subjects and patients with confirmed COVID-19 was performed. Statistically significant differences have been found in esterase status and biochemical indices (including albumin levels) between healthy subjects and patients with COVID-19, as well as between surviving and deceased patients. Additional evidence has been obtained for the importance of albumin as a diagnostic marker. Of particular interest is a new index, [Urea] x [MDA] x 1000/(BChEb x [ALB]), which in the group of deceased patients was 10 times higher than in the group of survivors and 26 times higher than the value in the group of apparently healthy elderly subjects

de Sitter Vacua in String Theory

We outline the construction of metastable de Sitter vacua of type IIB string theory. Our starting point is highly warped IIB compactifications with nontrivial NS and RR three-form fluxes. By incorporating known corrections to the superpotential from Euclidean D-brane instantons or gaugino condensation, one can make models with all moduli fixed, yielding a supersymmetric AdS vacuum. Inclusion of a small number of anti-D3 branes in the resulting warped geometry allows one to uplift the AdS minimum and make it a metastable de Sitter ground state. The lifetime of our metastable de Sitter vacua is much greater than the cosmological timescale of 10^10 years. We also prove, under certain conditions, that the lifetime of dS space in string theory will always be shorter than the recurrence time.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figs, added comments on the thin wall approximation to tunnelin

Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b, leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W' boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

A search for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons is described. The analysis is performed using a dataset recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 inverse femtobarns. Limits are set on the cross section of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to two photons. The expected exclusion limit at 95% confidence level is between 1.4 and 2.4 times the standard model cross section in the mass range between 110 and 150 GeV. The analysis of the data excludes, at 95% confidence level, the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in the mass range 128 to 132 GeV. The largest excess of events above the expected standard model background is observed for a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 124 GeV with a local significance of 3.1 sigma. The global significance of observing an excess with a local significance greater than 3.1 sigma anywhere in the search range 110-150 GeV is estimated to be 1.8 sigma. More data are required to ascertain the origin of this excess.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Measurement of the Lambda(b) cross section and the anti-Lambda(b) to Lambda(b) ratio with Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda decays in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The Lambda(b) differential production cross section and the cross section ratio anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) are measured as functions of transverse momentum pt(Lambda(b)) and rapidity abs(y(Lambda(b))) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are based on Lambda(b) decays reconstructed in the exclusive final state J/Psi Lambda, with the subsequent decays J/Psi to an opposite-sign muon pair and Lambda to proton pion, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.9 inverse femtobarns. The product of the cross section times the branching ratio for Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda versus pt(Lambda(b)) falls faster than that of b mesons. The measured value of the cross section times the branching ratio for pt(Lambda(b)) > 10 GeV and abs(y(Lambda(b))) < 2.0 is 1.06 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.12 nb, and the integrated cross section ratio for anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) is 1.02 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.09, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Measurement of isolated photon production in pp and PbPb collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV

Isolated photon production is measured in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energies of 2.76 TeV in the pseudorapidity range |eta|<1.44 and transverse energies ET between 20 and 80 GeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The measured ET spectra are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions. The ratio of PbPb to pp isolated photon ET-differential yields, scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions, is consistent with unity for all PbPb reaction centralities.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters