Sobre les competències autonòmiques i locals en la governança del desplegament d’infraestructures de telefonia mòbil a Catalunya

El present article pretén analitzar les possibilitats competencials a nivell autonòmic i local en el procés de desplegament de les antenes de telefonia mòbil a Catalunya atès que aquestes infraestructures tenen enorme rellevància per les afectacions urbanístiques, ambientals i de salut pública que impliquen;afectacions que poden permetre l’exercici de potestats administratives de planificació i de policia administrativa que contribueixin a un desplegament eficient tot evitant la fractura digital. El marc competencial de l’ordenació de les telecomunicacions a l’Estat espanyol, tot i atribuir-ne la competència exclusiva a l’Estat, permet que, en el cas de Catalunya, la Generalitat i els ens locals puguin tenir-hi una incidència indirecta mitjançant la regulació d’àmbits competencials connexos, com ara l’ordenació del territori, la salut pública o la qualitat ambiental. És, per tant,en exercici d’aquestes competències exposades que les administracions públiques de Catalunya poden bastir un model de governança en relació amb el desplegament de les infraestructures de telefonia mòbil que permeti superar la conflictivitat derivada d’una construcció social dels riscos associats ales immissions que generen i evitar el supòsit de fractura digital territorial per manca de cobertura de servei.This article seeks to analyze the options for distribution of authority at the regional and local level over the process of deploying mobile telephone antennas in Catalonia, given that these infrastructures have a tremendous impact on town planning, the environment, and public health; and given that such impact can allow the exercise of administrative planning and oversight powers to promote efficient deployment while preventing a digital divide. Although Spain’s regulatory framework for telecommunications grants the Spanish government sole authority in this field, it also allows Catalonia’s regional government and local bodies to have indirect influence through their regulation of related issues within their purview, such as land use, public health, and the environment. It is therefore through the exercise of these powers that Catalan government agencies can build a model of governance for the deployment of mobile telephone infrastructures that can overcome disputes generated by a social construction of risks from their transmissions, and avoid a digital divide caused by potential gaps in coverage areas.El presente artículo pretende analizar las posibilidades competenciales a nivel autonómico y local en el proceso de despliegue de las antenas de telefonía móvil en Cataluña, dado que estas infraestructuras tienen una enorme relevancia por las afectaciones urbanísticas, ambientales y de salud pública que implican; afectaciones que pueden permitir el ejercicio de potestades administrativas de planificación y de policía administrativa que contribuyan a un despliegue eficiente y eviten la fractura digital. El marco competencial de la ordenación de las telecomunicaciones en el Estado español, a pesar de atribuir su competencia exclusiva al Estado, permite que, en el caso de Cataluña, la Generalitat y los entes locales puedan tener una incidencia indirecta mediante la regulación de ámbitos competenciales conexos, como la ordenación del territorio, la salud pública o la calidad ambiental. Es, por lo tanto, en el ejercicio de estas competencias expuestas que las administraciones públicas de Cataluña pueden construir un modelo de gobernanza en relación con el despliegue de las infraestructuras de telefonía móvil que permitía superar la conflictividad derivada de una construcción social de los riesgos asociados a las inmisiones que generan y evitar el supuesto de fractura digital territorial por falta de cobertura de servicio

Reconsiderando la gestión de riesgos en entornos sociotécnicos

La revolución de las comunicaciones ha afectado profundamente a la estructura social de las sociedades contemporáneas avanzadas. Enzarzadas éstas en contextos de naturaleza marcadamente sociotécnica, es decir, de intrincadas interrelaciones sociales e inciertos avances tecnológicos, la gestión de riesgos deviene una práctica altamente compleja. En efecto, los entornos sociotécnicos resultantes de las tecnologías emergentes sitúan a la gestión del riesgo potencial como prioridad de los individuos, en particular, en los beneficios asumidos mediante la ciencia y la tecnología. Fruto de las dinámicas cambiantes que originan las tecnologías en la sociedad, así como de las respuestas sociales hacia aquéllas, se erigen nuevos frentes que demandan ser atendidos mediante el uso de instrumentos y la aplicación de ciertos procedimientos que se adapten a esta realidad que se impone, a lo sumo, multidimensional. Si los riesgos asociados a ciertas tecnologías se caracterizan, hoy, por la incertidumbre científica que les rodea, y ciertas prácticas reguladoras no satisfacen la confianza de los individuos, quizás debamos reflexionar y replantearnos una nueva forma de dar paso a la participación como camino hacia la creación de un consenso social.The communications revolution has profoundly affected the social structure of contemporary, advanced societies. Entangled in contexts of a markedly socio-technical nature, that is, intricate social interrelations and uncertain technological advances, the management of risk becomes a highly complex practice. In effect, socio-technical spheres, resulting from emerging technologies, situate the management of potential risk as a priority of individuals, in particular the benefits of science and technology. Fruit of the changing dynamics that originate from technologies in society, as well as from the social responses to these changes, new fronts are established, that demand the use of instruments and the application of certain procedures, adapted to this multidimensional reality. Risks associated with certain technologies are characterised today, by scientific incertainty (with which they are surrounded) and certain regulatory practices do not satisfy the trust of individuals. We should therefore, at the same time rethink and rework a new form of management which includes participation, as a path to enable the creation of social consensus

Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multinational data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 (N = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution—individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar results were found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, and collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-neglible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic.Peer reviewe

National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic (vol 13, 517, 2022) : National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic (Nature Communications, (2022), 13, 1, (517), 10.1038/s41467-021-27668-9)

Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2022.In this article the author name ‘Agustin Ibanez’ was incorrectly written as ‘Augustin Ibanez’. The original article has been corrected.Peer reviewe

National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic.

Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics

Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multinational data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 (N = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution—individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar results were found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, and collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-neglible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic

Author Correction: National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Correction to: Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27668-9, published online 26 January 2022

Aprendiendo del futuro: gobernando la nanotecnología

Current scientific and technological developments will undeniably lead to, at a minimum, two results: first, an unprecedented increase in complexity and uncertainty which will have multiple effects on decision making processes; and second, due to the increasing presence of new technologies today, the need to develop a new model to manage those uncertainties which demands going beyond and complementing current risk management models. The main objective of this article is to propose a management model that we call anticipatory governance and that uses future studies (foresight) and intelligence analysis techniques as the tools most adapted to deal with those phenomena. In this way, we first participate in the still open debate on the distinction between danger and risk, and later we describe what we consider to be the three models of risk management, focusing on our proposal to develop a model based on the anticipation and comprehension of a complex and uncertain future.El desarrollo científico y tecnológico actual nos conduce innegablemente a, como mínimo, dos resultados: primero, un incremento sin precedentes de la complejidad y la incertidumbre y, con ello, de sus efectos sobre los procesos de toma de decisiones. Segundo, actualmente, y a tenor de una cada vez mayor presencia de nuevas tecnologías, la necesidad de desarrollar un nuevo modelo de gestión de aquellas incertidumbres que exige superar y complementar los modelos de gestión de riesgos hasta hoy al uso. Precisamente por ello, este artículo centra su principal objetivo en la propuesta de un modelo de gestión que denominamos de gobernanza anticipatoria y que usa la prospectiva y las técnicas de análisis de inteligencia como las herramientas más adecuadas para tratar con aquellos fenómenos. Así, en primer lugar, se abordará el debate aún pendiente de la distinción entre peligro y riesgo para después adentrarnos en la descripción de lo que consideramos los tres modelos de gestión de riesgos, si bien centrando nuestra atención en la propuesta de desarrollar un modelo basado en la anticipación y la comprensión de un futuro incierto y complejo