Le travail et la réinsertion sociale en psychiatrie

L’article décrit le programme gradué de réintégration sociale dans le monde du travail des ex-patients de l’hôpital Robert-Giffard. La philosophie de ce programme est la normalisation des patients atteints à travers quatre étapes progressives d’apprentissage. Chaque étape comprend différents objectifs d’apprentissage, un environnement physique, des ressources professionnelles et un outil d’évaluation (L’échelle A.F.I.). En autant que les auteurs sachent, il y a peu de programme au Canada aussi avancé que celui qu’ils décrivent.This article describes the graduated program of social réintégration into the working world of ex-patients of the Robert-Giffard Hospital. The philosophy of this program is the "normalization" of the patients achieved through four progressive stages of apprenticeship. Each stage includes different apprenticeship objectives, physical environment, professional resources and an evaluation tool (the A.F.I, scale). As far as the authors know, there exist in the psychiatric field in Canada few programs as advanced as the one described above

The isoflavonoids of Lupinus albus, their constitutive and environmentally induced accumulation and secretion, and their effect on bacterial growth

Investigates isoflavonoids, their implication in plant development, their role as phytoalexins, and finally, their involvement in the establishment and control of symbiosis with Rhizobium

Molecular signalling in Lupinus albus-Rhizobium lupini symbiosis

The symbiotic interaction between Rhizobium lupini and Lupinus albus results in the formation of root nodules where nitrogen fixation takes place. In these associations, molecular signals such as flavonoids (or non-flavonoid type), nod gene-inducers, and bacterial lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are known to act as modulators of species-specificity in the early stages of infection. Of the several known Rhizobium -legume symbioses, signalling in Lupinus remains to be determined. Using a screening method based on the in vitro ability of the flavonoid inducer to adsorb onto the membranes of its symbiont, indicated that derrone, wighteone and lupiwighteone were adsorbed most onto R. lupini membranes. A second screening method, based on the ability of the inducer molecule to stimulate the growth rate of the symbiont, showed that 0.5 oM each of derrone, lupalbigenin, genistein monoprenyls, licoisoflavone A and lupinalbin A, resulted in a significant growth stimulation of R. lupini when cultivated in a minimal medium. A third strategy involved monitoring Ý-galactosidase activity of R. lupini strains harboring nodC :: lacZ fusions, in the presence of (a) authentic lupin isoflavones, (b) carbohydrate-like inducers, and (c) HPLC-fractionated lupin seed effusates and root exudates as putative nod gene inducers. The results indicated that both erythronic and tetronic acids (C4 sugar acids) led to low, but significant increases in Ý-galactosidase activities, as compared with the controls. In addition, lupiwighteone, a monoprenylated isoflavone, seems to exert a synergistic effect with the carbohydrate-like inducers, as compared with other isoflavone treatments. Incorporation studies of [ 14 C]LCO-precursors into induced R. lupini cultures, confirmed the inductive role of erythronic and tetronic acids, as well as their synergistic effect when combined with lupiwighteone or derrone. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the R. lupini LCOs with various enzymes substantiated their putative identities. Similar incorporation experiments were carried out on other Rhizobium spp . in order to assess the role of aldonic acids in promoting LCO biosynthesis. These results are discussed in relation to the impact of these unusual signal molecules on our knowledge of signalling in Rhizobium -legume symbiosis by flavonoids and LCOs

Interactions between TonB from Escherichia coli and the Periplasmic Protein FhuD

For uptake of ferrichrome into bacterial cells, FhuA, a TonB-dependent outer membrane receptor of Escherichia coli, is required. The periplasmic protein FhuD binds and transfers ferrichrome to the cytoplasmic membrane-associated permease FhuB/C. We exploited phage display to map protein-protein interactions in the E. coli cell envelope that contribute to ferrichrome transport. By panning random phage libraries against TonB and against FhuD, we identified interaction surfaces on each of these two proteins. Their interactions were detected in vitro by dynamic light scattering and indicated a 1:1 TonB-FhuD complex. FhuD residue Thr-181, located within the siderophorebinding site and mapping to a predicted TonB-interaction surface, was mutated to cysteine. FhuD T181C was reacted with two thiol-specific fluorescent probes; addition of the siderophore ferricrocin quenched fluorescence emissions of these conjugates. Similarly, quenching of fluorescence from both probes confirmed binding of TonB and established an apparent KD of 300 nM. Prior saturation of the siderophorebinding site of FhuD with ferricrocin did not alter affinity of TonB for FhuD. Binding, further characterized with surface plasmon resonance, indicated a higher affinity complex with KD values in the low nanomolar range. Addition of FhuD to a preformed TonB-FhuA complex resulted in formation of a ternary complex. These observations led us to propose a novel mechanism in which TonB acts as a scaffold, directing FhuD to regions within the periplasm where it is poised to accept and deliver siderophore

Approaches to considering sex and gender in continuous professional development for health and social care professionals : an emerging paradigm

Consideration of sex and gender in research and clinical practice is necessary to redress health inequities and reduce knowledge gaps. As all health professionals must maintain and update their skills throughout their career, developing innovative continuing professional education programs that integrate sex and gender issues holds great promise for reducing these gaps. This article proposes new approaches to partnership, team development, pedagogical theory, content development, evaluation and data management that will advance the integration of sex and gender in continuing professional development (CPD). Our perspectives build on an intersectoral and interprofessional research team that includes several perspectives, including those of CPD, health systems, knowledge translation and sex and gender

Ste20-Related Proline/Alanine-Rich Kinase (SPAK) Regulated Transcriptionally by Hyperosmolarity Is Involved in Intestinal Barrier Function

The Ste20-related protein proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) plays important roles in cellular functions such as cell differentiation and regulation of chloride transport, but its roles in pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation remain largely unknown. Here we report significantly increased SPAK expression levels in hyperosmotic environments, such as mucosal biopsy samples from patients with Crohn's disease, as well as colon tissues of C57BL/6 mice and Caco2-BBE cells treated with hyperosmotic medium. NF-κB and Sp1-binding sites in the SPAK TATA-less promoter are essential for SPAK mRNA transcription. Hyperosmolarity increases the ability of NF-κB and Sp1 to bind to their binding sites. Knock-down of either NF-κB or Sp1 by siRNA reduces the hyperosmolarity-induced SPAK expression levels. Furthermore, expression of NF-κB, but not Sp1, was upregulated by hyperosmolarity in vivo and in vitro. Nuclear run-on assays showed that hyperosmolarity increases SPAK expression levels at the transcriptional level, without affecting SPAK mRNA stability. Knockdown of SPAK expression by siRNA or overexpression of SPAK in cells and transgenic mice shows that SPAK is involved in intestinal permeability in vitro and in vivo. Together, our data suggest that SPAK, the transcription of which is regulated by hyperosmolarity, plays an important role in epithelial barrier function

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements