Superhard Phases of Simple Substances and Binary Compounds of the B-C-N-O System: from Diamond to the Latest Results (a Review)

The basic known and hypothetic one- and two-element phases of the B-C-N-O system (both superhard phases having diamond and boron structures and precursors to synthesize them) are described. The attention has been given to the structure, basic mechanical properties, and methods to identify and characterize the materials. For some phases that have been recently described in the literature the synthesis conditions at high pressures and temperatures are indicated.Comment: Review on superhard B-C-N-O phase

Spin stiffness and quantum fluctuations in C-type and A-type antiferromagnets

We present a systematic study of quantum fluctuations in the C-type and A-type antiferromagnetic (AF) phases in cubic lattices and in bilayer systems. Using the linear spin-wave theory, we show that the spin stiffness and the quantum corrections to the order parameter and energy obtained for C-AF and A-AF phases decrease with the increasing number of ferromagnetic bonds. Therefore, the quantum spin effects in LaMnO_3 and in LaVO_3 are rather small, suggesting the magnetic moments of 3.91 and 1.89 Bohr's magneton, respectively. They cannot explain the strong reduction of the magnetic order parameter observed in cubic vanadates.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

The search for high-energy neutrinos coincident with fast radio bursts with the ANTARES neutrino telescope

[EN] In the past decade, a new class of bright transient radio sources with millisecond duration has been discovered. The origin of these so-called fast radio bursts (FRBs) is still a mystery, despite the growing observational efforts made by various multiwavelength and multimessenger facilities. To date, many models have been proposed to explain FRBs, but neither the progenitors nor the radiative and the particle acceleration processes at work have been clearly identified. In this paper, we assess whether hadronic processes may occur in the vicinity of the FRB source. If they do, FRBs may contribute to the high-energy cosmic-ray and neutrino fluxes. A search for these hadronic signatures was carried out using the ANTARES neutrino telescope. The analysis consists in looking for high-energy neutrinos, in the TeV-PeV regime, that are spatially and temporally coincident with the detected FRBs. Most of the FRBs discovered in the period 2013-2017 were in the field of view of the ANTARES detector, which is sensitive mostly to events originating from the Southern hemisphere. From this period, 12 FRBs were selected and no coincident neutrino candidate was observed. Upper limits on the per-burst neutrino fluence were derived using a power-law spectrum, dN/DE nu proportional to E-nu(-gamma), for the incoming neutrino flux, assuming spectral indexes gamma = 1.0, 2.0, 2.5. Finally, the neutrino energy was constrained by computing the total energy radiated in neutrinos, assuming different distances for the FRBs. Constraints on the neutrino fluence and on the energy released were derived from the associated null results.The authors acknowledge financial support from the following funding agencies: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives (CEA), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), IdEx program and UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02), Labex OCEVU (ANR-11-LABX-0060) and the A*MIDEX project (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02), Region Ile-de-France (DIM-ACAV), Region Alsace (contrat CPER), Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Departement du Var and Ville de La Seyne-sur-Mer, France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; Council of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and leading scientific schools supporting grants, Russia; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO): Plan Estatal de Investigacion (refs. FPA2015-65150-C3-1-P, -2-P and -3-P, (MINECO/FEDER)), Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MINECO), and Prometeo and Grisolia programs (Generalitat Valenciana), Spain; Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training, Morocco. We also acknowledge technical support from Ifremer, AIM and Foselev Marine for the sea operation and CC-IN2P3 for the computing facilities.Albert, A.; Andre, M.; Anghinolfi, M.; Anton, G.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Aubert, J.; Aublin, J.... (2019). The search for high-energy neutrinos coincident with fast radio bursts with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 482(1):184-193. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2621S1841934821Aartsen, M. G., Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., … Bai, X. (2013). First Observation of PeV-Energy Neutrinos with IceCube. Physical Review Letters, 111(2). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.021103Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., … Arlen, T. C. (2015). Atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos above 1 TeV interacting in IceCube. Physical Review D, 91(2). doi:10.1103/physrevd.91.022001Aartsen, M. G., Abraham, K., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., … Archinger, M. (2015). A COMBINED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD ANALYSIS OF THE HIGH-ENERGY ASTROPHYSICAL NEUTRINO FLUX MEASURED WITH ICECUBE. The Astrophysical Journal, 809(1), 98. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/809/1/98Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., … Arlen, T. C. (2015). SEARCH FOR PROMPT NEUTRINO EMISSION FROM GAMMA-RAY BURSTS WITH ICECUBE. The Astrophysical Journal, 805(1), L5. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/805/1/l5Aartsen, M. G., Abraham, K., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., … Anderson, T. (2016). OBSERVATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A COSMIC MUON NEUTRINO FLUX FROM THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE USING SIX YEARS OF ICECUBE DATA. The Astrophysical Journal, 833(1), 3. doi:10.3847/0004-637x/833/1/3Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., … Anderson, T. (2018). A Search for Neutrino Emission from Fast Radio Bursts with Six Years of IceCube Data. The Astrophysical Journal, 857(2), 117. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab4f8Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., … Adya, V. B. (2017). GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral. Physical Review Letters, 119(16). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.119.161101Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., … Adya, V. B. (2017). Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A. The Astrophysical Journal, 848(2), L13. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa920cAdrián-Martínez, S., Al Samarai, I., Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., … Aubert, J.-J. (2012). SEARCH FOR COSMIC NEUTRINO POINT SOURCES WITH FOUR YEARS OF DATA FROM THE ANTARES TELESCOPE. The Astrophysical Journal, 760(1), 53. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/760/1/53Adrián-Martínez, S., Ageron, M., Aharonian, F., Aiello, S., Albert, A., Ameli, F., … Anghinolfi, M. (2016). Letter of intent for KM3NeT 2.0. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, 43(8), 084001. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/43/8/084001Ageron, M., Aguilar, J. A., Al Samarai, I., Albert, A., Ameli, F., André, M., … Ardid, M. (2011). ANTARES: The first undersea neutrino telescope. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 656(1), 11-38. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2011.06.103Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J.-J., … Basa, S. (2017). All-sky search for high-energy neutrinos from gravitational wave event GW170104 with the Antares neutrino telescope. The European Physical Journal C, 77(12). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5451-zAlbert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J.-J., … Basa, S. (2017). First all-flavor neutrino pointlike source search with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. Physical Review D, 96(8). doi:10.1103/physrevd.96.082001Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J.-J., … Basa, S. (2017). Search for high-energy neutrinos from bright GRBs with ANTARES. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 469(1), 906-915. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx902Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J.-J., … Barrios-Martí, J. (2018). All-flavor Search for a Diffuse Flux of Cosmic Neutrinos with Nine Years of ANTARES Data. The Astrophysical Journal, 853(1), L7. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aaa4f6Bailes, M., Jameson, A., Flynn, C., Bateman, T., Barr, E. D., Bhandari, S., … Temby, D. (2017). The UTMOST: A Hybrid Digital Signal Processor Transforms the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 34. doi:10.1017/pasa.2017.39Bannister, K. W., Shannon, R. M., Macquart, J.-P., Flynn, C., Edwards, P. G., O’Neill, M., … Clarke, N. (2017). The Detection of an Extremely Bright Fast Radio Burst in a Phased Array Feed Survey. The Astrophysical Journal, 841(1), L12. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa71ffBhandari, S., Keane, E. F., Barr, E. D., Jameson, A., Petroff, E., Johnston, S., … Burke-Spolaor, S. (2017). The SUrvey for Pulsars and Extragalactic Radio Bursts – II. New FRB discoveries and their follow-up. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 475(2), 1427-1446. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3074Biehl, D., Heinze, J., & Winter, W. (2018). Expected neutrino fluence from short Gamma-Ray Burst 170817A and off-axis angle constraints. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 476(1), 1191-1197. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty285Caleb, M., Flynn, C., Bailes, M., Barr, E. D., Bateman, T., Bhandari, S., … Krishnan, V. V. (2016). Fast Radio Transient searches with UTMOST at 843 MHz. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 458(1), 718-725. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw109Caleb, M., Flynn, C., Bailes, M., Barr, E. D., Bateman, T., Bhandari, S., … Venkatraman Krishnan, V. (2017). The first interferometric detections of fast radio bursts. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 468(3), 3746-3756. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx638Cao, X.-F., & Yu, Y.-W. (2018). Superconducting cosmic string loops as sources for fast radio bursts. Physical Review D, 97(2). doi:10.1103/physrevd.97.023022Champion, D. J., Petroff, E., Kramer, M., Keith, M. J., Bailes, M., Barr, E. D., … Lyne, A. G. (2016). Five new fast radio bursts from the HTRU high-latitude survey at Parkes: first evidence for two-component bursts. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 460(1), L30-L34. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slw069Chatterjee, S., Law, C. J., Wharton, R. S., Burke-Spolaor, S., Hessels, J. W. T., Bower, G. C., … van Langevelde, H. J. (2017). A direct localization of a fast radio burst and its host. Nature, 541(7635), 58-61. doi:10.1038/nature20797Cordes, J. M., & Wasserman, I. (2016). Supergiant pulses from extragalactic neutron stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 457(1), 232-257. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2948DeLaunay, J. J., Fox, D. B., Murase, K., Mészáros, P., Keivani, A., Messick, C., … Turley, C. F. (2016). DISCOVERY OF A TRANSIENT GAMMA-RAY COUNTERPART TO FRB 131104. The Astrophysical Journal, 832(1), L1. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/832/1/l1Dey, R. K., Ray, S., & Dam, S. (2016). Searching for PeV neutrinos from photomeson interactions in magnetars. EPL (Europhysics Letters), 115(6), 69002. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/115/69002Fahey, S., Kheirandish, A., Vandenbroucke, J., & Xu, D. (2017). A Search for Neutrinos from Fast Radio Bursts with IceCube. The Astrophysical Journal, 845(1), 14. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7e28Falcke, H., & Rezzolla, L. (2014). Fast radio bursts: the last sign of supramassive neutron stars. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 562, A137. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321996Goldstein, A., Preece, R. D., Mallozzi, R. S., Briggs, M. S., Fishman, G. J., Kouveliotou, C., … Burgess, J. M. (2013). THE BATSE 5B GAMMA-RAY BURST SPECTRAL CATALOG. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 208(2), 21. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/21Guetta, D., Hooper, D., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Halzen, F., & Reuveni, E. (2004). Neutrinos from individual gamma-ray bursts in the BATSE catalog. Astroparticle Physics, 20(4), 429-455. doi:10.1016/s0927-6505(03)00211-1Hümmer, S., Rüger, M., Spanier, F., & Winter, W. (2010). SIMPLIFIED MODELS FOR PHOTOHADRONIC INTERACTIONS IN COSMIC ACCELERATORS. The Astrophysical Journal, 721(1), 630-652. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/721/1/630Hümmer, S., Baerwald, P., & Winter, W. (2012). Neutrino Emission from Gamma-Ray Burst Fireballs, Revised. Physical Review Letters, 108(23). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.231101Johnston, S., Taylor, R., Bailes, M., Bartel, N., Baugh, C., Bietenholz, M., … Wolleben, M. (2008). Science with ASKAP. Experimental Astronomy, 22(3), 151-273. doi:10.1007/s10686-008-9124-7Katz, J. I. (2014). Coherent emission in fast radio bursts. Physical Review D, 89(10). doi:10.1103/physrevd.89.103009Keane, E. F., Johnston, S., Bhandari, S., Barr, E., Bhat, N. D. R., Burgay, M., … Bassa, C. (2016). The host galaxy of a fast radio burst. Nature, 530(7591), 453-456. doi:10.1038/nature17140Li, X., Zhou, B., He, H.-N., Fan, Y.-Z., & Wei, D.-M. (2014). MODEL-DEPENDENT ESTIMATE ON THE CONNECTION BETWEEN FAST RADIO BURSTS AND ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS. The Astrophysical Journal, 797(1), 33. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/797/1/33Lorimer, D. R., Bailes, M., McLaughlin, M. A., Narkevic, D. J., & Crawford, F. (2007). A Bright Millisecond Radio Burst of Extragalactic Origin. Science, 318(5851), 777-780. doi:10.1126/science.1147532Lyubarsky, Y. (2014). A model for fast extragalactic radio bursts. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 442(1), L9-L13. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slu046Marcote, B., Paragi, Z., Hessels, J. W. T., Keimpema, A., Langevelde, H. J. van, Huang, Y., … Wharton, R. S. (2017). The Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 121102 as Seen on Milliarcsecond Angular Scales. The Astrophysical Journal, 834(2), L8. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/834/2/l8Murase, K., & Nagataki, S. (2006). High energy neutrino emission and neutrino background from gamma-ray bursts in the internal shock model. Physical Review D, 73(6). doi:10.1103/physrevd.73.063002Murase, K., Kashiyama, K., & Mészáros, P. (2016). A burst in a wind bubble and the impact on baryonic ejecta: high-energy gamma-ray flashes and afterglows from fast radio bursts and pulsar-driven supernova remnants. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 461(2), 1498-1511. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1328Murase, K., Mészáros, P., & Fox, D. B. (2017). Fast Radio Bursts with Extended Gamma-Ray Emission? The Astrophysical Journal, 836(1), L6. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/836/1/l6Palaniswamy, D., Wayth, R. B., Trott, C. M., McCallum, J. N., Tingay, S. J., & Reynolds, C. (2014). A SEARCH FOR FAST RADIO BURSTS ASSOCIATED WITH GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. The Astrophysical Journal, 790(1), 63. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/790/1/63Palmer, D. M., Barthelmy, S., Gehrels, N., Kippen, R. M., Cayton, T., Kouveliotou, C., … Tueller, J. (2005). A giant γ-ray flare from the magnetar SGR 1806–20. Nature, 434(7037), 1107-1109. doi:10.1038/nature03525Pen, U.-L., & Connor, L. (2015). LOCAL CIRCUMNUCLEAR MAGNETAR SOLUTION TO EXTRAGALACTIC FAST RADIO BURSTS. The Astrophysical Journal, 807(2), 179. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/807/2/179Petroff, E., Johnston, S., Keane, E. F., van Straten, W., Bailes, M., Barr, E. D., … Stappers, B. W. (2015). A survey of FRB fields: limits on repeatability. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 454(1), 457-462. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1953Petroff, E., Bailes, M., Barr, E. D., Barsdell, B. R., Bhat, N. D. R., Bian, F., … Wolf, C. (2014). A real-time fast radio burst: polarization detection and multiwavelength follow-up. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 447(1), 246-255. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2419Petroff, E., Barr, E. D., Jameson, A., Keane, E. F., Bailes, M., Kramer, M., … van Straten, W. (2016). FRBCAT: The Fast Radio Burst Catalogue. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 33. doi:10.1017/pasa.2016.35Ravi, V., & Lasky, P. D. (2014). The birth of black holes: neutron star collapse times, gamma-ray bursts and fast radio bursts. 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Time-dependent search for neutrino emission from X-ray binaries with the ANTARES telescope

[EN] ANTARES is currently the largest neutrino telescope operating in the Northern Hemisphere, aiming at the detection of high-energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources. Neutrino telescopes constantly monitor at least one complete hemisphere of the sky, and are thus well-suited to detect neutrinos produced in transient astrophysical sources. A time-dependent search has been applied to a list of 33 X-ray binaries undergoing high flaring activities in satellite data (RXTE/ASM, MAXI and Swift/BAT) and during hardness transi-tion states in the 2008 2012 period. The background originating from interactions of charged cosmic rays in the Earth s atmosphere is drastically reduced by requiring a directional and temporal coincidence with astrophysical phenomena. The results of this search are presented together with comparisons between the neutrino flux upper limits and the neutrino flux predictions from astrophysical models. The neutrino flux upper limits resulting from this search limit the jet parameter space for some astrophysical models.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives (CEA), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), IdEx program and UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02), Labex OCEVU (ANR-11-LABX-0060) and the A* MIDEX project (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02), Region Ile-de-France (DIM-ACAV), Region Alsace (contrat CPER), Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Departement du Var and Ville de La Seyne-sur-Mer, France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Nederlandse organisatie voor Weten-schappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; Council of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and leading scientific schools supporting grants, Russia; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO): Plan Estatal de Investigacion (refs. FPA2015-65150-C3-1-P, -2-P and -3-P, (MINECO/FEDER)), Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MINECO), and Prometeo and Grisolia programs (Generalitat Valenciana), Spain; Agence de l'Oriental and CNRST, Morocco. We also acknowledge the technical support of Ifremer, AIM and Foselev Marine for the sea operation and the CC-IN2P3 for the computing facilitiesAlbert, A.; Andre, M.; Anton, G.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Aubert, J.; Avgitas, T.; Baret, B.... (2017). Time-dependent search for neutrino emission from X-ray binaries with the ANTARES telescope. JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS. 4(19):1-23. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/04/019S123419Vila, G. S., Romero, G. E., & Casco, N. A. (2012). An inhomogeneous lepto-hadronic model for the radiation of relativistic jets. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 538, A97. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118106Pepe, C., Vila, G. S., & Romero, G. E. (2015). Lepto-hadronic model for the broadband emission of Cygnus X-1. 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The SUrvey for Pulsars and Extragalactic Radio Bursts – II. New FRB discoveries and their follow-up

We report the discovery of four Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) in the ongoing SUrvey for Pulsars and Extragalactic Radio Bursts at the Parkes Radio Telescope: FRBs 150610, 151206, 151230 and 160102. Our real-time discoveries have enabled us to conduct extensive, rapid multimessenger follow-up at 12 major facilities sensitive to radio, optical, X-ray, gamma-ray photons and neutrinos on time-scales ranging from an hour to a few months post-burst. No counterparts to the FRBs were found and we provide upper limits on afterglow luminosities. None of the FRBs were seen to repeat. Formal fits to all FRBs show hints of scattering while their intrinsic widths are unresolved in time. FRB 151206 is at low Galactic latitude, FRB 151230 shows a sharp spectral cut-off, and FRB 160102 has the highest dispersion measure (DM = 2596.1 ± 0.3 pc cm−3) detected to date. Three of the FRBs have high dispersion measures (DM > 1500 pc cm−3), favouring a scenario where the DM is dominated by contributions from the intergalactic medium. The slope of the Parkes FRB source counts distribution with fluences >2 Jy ms is α=−2.2+0.6−1.2 and still consistent with a Euclidean distribution (α = −3/2). We also find that the all-sky rate is 1.7+1.5−0.9×103 FRBs/(4π sr)/day above ∼2Jyms and there is currently no strong evidence for a latitude-dependent FRB sky rate

Event reconstruction for KM3NeT/ORCA using convolutional neural networks

The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (contract ANR-15-CE31-0020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Paris Ile-de-France Region, France; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG, FR-18-1268), Georgia; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; The General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MUR), PRIN 2017 program (Grant NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S) Italy; Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training, Morocco; Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; The National Science Centre, Poland (2015/18/E/ST2/00758); National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento (refs. PGC2018-096663-B-C41, -A-C42, -B-C43, -B-C44) (MCIU/FEDER), Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MCIU), Junta de Andalucia (ref. SOMM17/6104/UGR), Generalitat Valenciana: Grisolia (ref. GRISOLIA/2018/119) and GenT (ref. CIDEGENT/2018/034) programs, La Caixa Foundation (ref. LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019), EU: MSC program (ref. 713673), Spain.The KM3NeT research infrastructure is currently under construction at two locations in the Mediterranean Sea. The KM3NeT/ORCA water-Cherenkov neutrino detector off the French coast will instrument several megatons of seawater with photosensors. Its main objective is the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. This work aims at demonstrating the general applicability of deep convolutional neural networks to neutrino telescopes, using simulated datasets for the KM3NeT/ORCA detector as an example. To this end, the networks are employed to achieve reconstruction and classification tasks that constitute an alternative to the analysis pipeline presented for KM3NeT/ORCA in the KM3NeT Letter of Intent. They are used to infer event reconstruction estimates for the energy, the direction, and the interaction point of incident neutrinos. The spatial distribution of Cherenkov light generated by charged particles induced in neutrino interactions is classified as shower- or track-like, and the main background processes associated with the detection of atmospheric neutrinos are recognized. Performance comparisons to machine-learning classification and maximum-likelihood reconstruction algorithms previously developed for KM3NeT/ORCA are provided. It is shown that this application of deep convolutional neural networks to simulated datasets for a large-volume neutrino telescope yields competitive reconstruction results and performance improvements with respect to classical approaches.French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-15-CE31-0020Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund)European Union (EU)Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)LabEx UnivEarthS ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR-18-IDEX-0001Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia FR-18-1268German Research Foundation (DFG)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRTIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) Research Projects of National Relevance (PRIN)Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training, MoroccoNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)National Science Centre, Poland 2015/18/E/ST2/00758National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), RomaniaMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades PGC2018-096663-B-C41 A-C42 B-C43 B-C44Severo Ochoa Centre of ExcellenceJunta de Andalucia SOMM17/6104/UGRGeneralitat Valenciana: Grisolia GRISOLIA/2018/119 CIDEGENT/2018/034La Caixa Foundation LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019EU: MSC program 71367

gSeaGen: The KM3NeT GENIE-based code for neutrino telescopes

Program summary Program Title: gSeaGen CPC Library link to program files: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/ymgxvy2br4.1 Licensing provisions: GPLv3 Programming language: C++ External routines/libraries: GENIE [1] and its external dependencies. Linkable to MUSIC [2] and PROPOSAL [3]. Nature of problem: Development of a code to generate detectable events in neutrino telescopes, using modern and maintained neutrino interaction simulation libraries which include the state-of-the-art physics models. The default application is the simulation of neutrino interactions within KM3NeT [4]. Solution method: Neutrino interactions are simulated using GENIE, a modern framework for Monte Carlo event generators. The GENIE framework, used by nearly all modern neutrino experiments, is considered as a reference code within the neutrino community. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The code was tested with GENIE version 2.12.10 and it is linkable with release series 3. Presently valid up to 5 TeV. This limitation is not intrinsic to the code but due to the present GENIE valid energy range. References: [1] C. Andreopoulos at al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A614 (2010) 87. [2] P. Antonioli et al., Astropart. Phys. 7 (1997) 357. [3] J. H. Koehne et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 (2013) 2070. [4] S. Adrián-Martínez et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 43 (2016) 084001.The gSeaGen code is a GENIE-based application developed to efficiently generate high statistics samples of events, induced by neutrino interactions, detectable in a neutrino telescope. The gSeaGen code is able to generate events induced by all neutrino flavours, considering topological differences between tracktype and shower-like events. Neutrino interactions are simulated taking into account the density and the composition of the media surrounding the detector. The main features of gSeaGen are presented together with some examples of its application within the KM3NeT project.French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-15-CE31-0020Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)European Union (EU)Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), FranceIdEx program, FranceUnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR-11-IDEX-000502Paris Ile-de-France Region, FranceShota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG), Georgia FR-18-1268German Research Foundation (DFG)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRTIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR)PRIN 2017 program Italy NAT-NET 2017W4HA7SMinistry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training, MoroccoNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands GovernmentNational Science Centre, Poland 2015/18/E/ST2/00758National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), RomaniaMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento, Spain (MCIU/FEDER) PGC2018-096663-B-C41 PGC2018-096663-A-C42 PGC2018-096663-BC43 PGC2018-096663-B-C44Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MCIU), Junta de Andalucia, Spain SOMM17/6104/UGRGeneralitat Valenciana: Grisolia, Spain GRISOLIA/2018/119GenT, Spain CIDEGENT/2018/034La Caixa Foundation LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019EU: MSC program, Spain 71367