59 research outputs found
Marking their own homework: The pragmatic and moral legitimacy of industry self-regulation
- Author
- A Bitektine
- A Blackman
- A Crane
- A King
- A King
- A Kolk
- A Ogus
- A Prakash
- A Terlaak
- AA King
- AA King
- AA King
- AJ Hoffman
- AK Chatterji
- AK Gupta
- AM Prado
- AM Prado
- B Cashore
- BH Lee
- BS Long
- BW Husted
- C Coglianese
- C Coglianese
- C Marquis
- C Oliver
- C Parker
- C Zietsma
- Carbon Neutral Company
- D Aravind
- D Baur
- D Matten
- D Matten
- D Melé
- D O’Rourke
- D Vogel
- D Vogel
- DA Schuler
- Department of Energy and Climate Change
- DH Schepers
- DL Levy
- DL Levy
- DU Gilbert
- E Chan
- E Meidinger
- E Ostrom
- F Bowen
- F Wijen
- Frances Bowen
- G Gereffi
- G Jahn
- G Kassinis
- H Elms
- J Black
- J Braithwaite
- J Jermier
- J Maxwell
- J Parker
- J Reinecke
- J Rivera
- J Wills
- JGS Koppell
- JL Short
- JW Meyer
- L Berchicci
- L Edelman
- LB Edelman
- LT Christensen
- LT Raynolds
- M Delmas
- M Delmas
- M Delmas
- M Delmas
- M Delmas
- M Reich
- M Russo
- M Winn
- M-C Renard
- MA Delmas
- MA Delmas
- MC Suchman
- ME Conroy
- Microsoft
- MJ Lenox
- ML Barnett
- MS Kraatz
- N Darnall
- N Darnall
- N Darnall
- N Gunningham
- N Gunningham
- N Lin-Hi
- O Boiral
- O Boiral
- O Boiral
- P Bromley
- P Christmann
- P Fleckinger
- P Haack
- PJ DiMaggio
- R Dart
- R Freeman
- R Pearson
- R Pollin
- RE Dunlap
- RJ Jiang
- RM Locke
- RM Locke
- RM Locke
- S Fineman
- S Gamper-Rabindran
- S Green
- S Moog
- SB Banerjee
- SB Banerjee
- SE Moore
- SK Majumdar
- T Bartley
- T Bartley
- T Fuller
- T Hahn
- V Haufler
- V Mele
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 05/07/2017
- Field of study
When is industry self-regulation (ISR) a legitimate form of governance? In principle, ISR can serve the interests of participating companies, regulators and other stakeholders. However, in practice, empirical evidence shows that ISR schemes often under-perform, leading to criticism that such schemes are tantamount to firms marking their own homework. In response, this paper explains how current management theory on ISR has failed to separate the pragmatic legitimacy of ISR based on self-interested calculations, from moral legitimacy based on normative approval. The paper traces three families of management theory on ISR and uses these to map the pragmatic and moral legitimacy of ISR schemes. It identifies tensions between the pragmatic and moral legitimacy of ISR schemes, which the current ISR literature does not address, and draws implications for the future theory and practice of ISR
Self-reported contacts for mental health problems by rural residents: predicted service needs, facilitators and barriers
- Author
- A Komiti
- AM Conomos
- BJ Kelly
- BJ Kelly
- Brian J Kelly
- C Fraser
- Clare Coleman
- D Hartley
- D Perkins
- David Perkins
- F Judd
- FK Judd
- Frances J Kay-Lambkin
- G Andrews
- G Zulian
- J Allen
- J Fortney
- J Fuller
- J Sareen
- J Thorpe
- JB Saunders
- Jeffrey Fuller
- John R Attia
- K Griffiths
- K Kroenke
- K Rost
- KA Urbanoski
- KB Smith
- Kerry J Inder
- KJ Ruggiero
- KM Conigrave
- KM Griffiths
- L Gamm
- LY Chen
- M Pohjanoksa-Mäntylä
- M Wooden
- MBH Yap
- ML Booth
- Natasha Weaver
- PM Burgess
- R Hussain
- R Mojtabai
- R Taylor
- RC Kessler
- RD Goldney
- S Wrigley
- SC Olesen
- TE Handley
- Terry J Lewin
- TM Caldwell
- Tonelle E Handley
- Y Kido
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Evaluating the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Mutation D614G on Transmissibility and Pathogenicity.
- Author
- Aanensen David M
- Abudahab Khalil
- Acheson Erwan
- Adams Alexander
- Adams Helen
- Adriaenssens Evelien M
- Afifi Safiah
- Aggarwal Dinesh
- Ahmad Shazaad SY
- Alam Mohammad T
- Alcolea-Medina Adela
- Alderton Alex
- Alikhan Nabil-Fareed
- Allan John
- Allara Elias
- Amato Roberto
- Andersson Monique
- Angyal Adrienn
- Aranday-Cortes Elihu
- Ariani Cristina
- Asad Hibo
- Asamaphan Patawee
- Ashworth Jordan
- Atkinson Laura
- Attwood Stephen
- Auckland Cressida
- Awan Ali R
- Aydin Alp
- Baker David J
- Baker Paul
- Balcazar Carlos E
- Ball Jonathan
- Barton Edward
- Bashton Matthew
- Batra Rahul
- Baxter Laura
- Beale Mathew A
- Beaver Charlotte
- Beckett Angela
- Beer Robert
- Beggs Andrew
- Bell Andrew
- Bellis Katherine L
- Berger Duncan J
- Berriman Matt
- Berry Lisa
- Berry Louise
- Betancor Gilberto
- Betteridge Emma
- Bewshea Claire M
- Bibby David
- Bicknell Kelly
- Birchley Alec
- Bird Paul
- Bishop Chloe
- Blane Beth
- Bolt Frances
- Bonsall David
- Boswell Tim
- Bosworth Andrew
- Bourgeois Yann
- Boyd Olivia
- Boyes John
- Bradley Declan T
- Bradshaw Daniel
- Breen Cassie
- Bresner Catherine
- Breuer Judith
- Bridgewater Hannah E
- Brooks Tony T
- Broos Alice
- Brown Julianne Rose
- Brown Paul E
- Brown Rebecca
- Brunker Kirstyn
- Bucca Giselda
- Buck David
- Buddenborg Sarah K
- Bull Matthew
- Bull Matthew
- Burton-Fanning Shirelle
- Butcher Ethan
- Caddy Sarah L
- Caller Laura G
- Campbell Sharon
- Carlile Matthew
- Carmichael Stephen N
- Casey Anna
- Castellano Sergi
- Chalker Vicki
- Chand Meera
- Chapman Michael R
- Chappell Joseph G
- Charalampous Themoula
- Charles Ian G
- Chaudhry Yasmin
- Chauhan Anoop J
- Cheng Jeffrey KJ
- Churcher Carol M
- Clark Gemma
- Coll Francesc
- Collins Jennifer
- Colquhoun Rachel
- Colquhoun Rachel M
- Connor Thomas R
- Connor Thomas R
- Constantinidou Chrystala
- Coombes Jason
- Corden Sally
- Cormie Claire
- Cortes Nicholas
- Cortes Nick
- Cottrell Simon
- Coupland Lindsay J
- Cowell Angela
- Cox Alison
- Craine Noel
- Cronin Michelle
- Crooke Derrick
- Curran Martin D
- Curran Tanya
- da Silva Filipe Ana
- da Silva Filipe Ana
- Dabrera Gavin
- Danesh John
- Darby Alistair C
- Davidson Rose K
- Davies Alisha
- Davis Thomas
- de Cesare Mariateresa
- De Lacy Elen
- de Oliveira Martins Leonardo
- de Silva Thushan I
- Debebe Johnny
- Dervisevic Samir
- Dewar Rebecca
- Dias Joana
- Diaz Maria
- Dibling Thomas
- Dorman Matthew J
- Downing Fatima
- Drury Eleanor
- du Plessis Louis
- Duckworth Nichola
- Dyal Patricia L
- Eccles Richard
- Edgeworth Jonathan
- Edwards Sue
- Eldirdiri Sahar
- Ellaby Nicholas
- Ellard Sian
- Elliott Scott
- Eltringham Gary
- Elumogo Ngozi
- Essex Sarah
- Evans Cariad
- Evans Johnathan M
- Eyre David
- Fairley Derek J
- Fallon Karlie
- Farbos Audrey
- Farr Ben
- Feltwell Theresa
- Fina Laia
- Findlay Jacqueline
- Fisher Chloe L
- Fleming Vicki M
- Forrest Leysa M
- Forrest Sally
- Foulser Luke
- Francois Sarah
- Fraser Christophe
- Freeman Timothy M
- Frost Lucy R
- Fuller William
- Gallagher Eileen
- Gallagher Michael D
- Garcia-Casado Maria V
- Gaskin Amy
- Gatica-Wilcox Bree
- Gavriil Artemis
- Geidelberg Lily
- Geidelberg Lily
- Gemmell Matthew
- Georgana Iliana
- George Ryan P
- Gifford Laura
- Gilbert Lauren
- Gill Harmeet K
- Gilroy Rachel AJ
- Girgis Sophia T
- Glaysher Sharon
- Golubchik Tanya
- Goncalves Sonia
- Goodfellow Ian
- Goodfellow Ian G
- Goodwin Scott
- Graham Clive
- Graham Lee
- Grammatopoulos Dimitris
- Green Angie
- Green Luke R
- Greenaway Jane
- Gregory Richard
- Griffith Luke
- Groves Danielle C
- Groves Natalie
- Guest Martyn
- Gulliver Huw
- Gutierrez Ana Victoria
- Hadjirin Nazreen F
- Haldenby Sam T
- Hale Antony D
- Hall Grant
- Halstead Fenella
- Hamilton William L
- Haque Tanzina
- Harper Katherine L
- Harris Kathryn Ann
- Harrison Ewan M
- Harrison Ian
- Harrison James W
- Hartman Hassan
- Hattersley Andrew
- Heaney Judith
- Helmer Thomas
- Hesketh Andrew R
- Heyburn David
- Higginson Ellen E
- Hill Verity
- Hill Verity
- Hilvers Ember
- Hiscox Julian A
- Holden Matthew TG
- Holmes Alison
- Holmes Christopher
- Holmes Nadine
- Hoosdally Sarah
- Hopes Richard
- Hosmillo Myra
- Houldcroft Charlotte J
- Howe Robin
- Howson-Wells Hannah C
- Hubb Jonathan
- Hughes Joseph
- Hughes Margaret
- Hunter Adam D
- Hutchings Stephanie
- Impey Robert
- Irish-Tavares Dianne
- Iturriza-Gomara Miren
- Jackson Ben
- Jackson Ben
- Jackson David A
- Jackson David K
- Jackson Kathryn A
- Jahun Aminu S
- James Keith
- Jamrozy Dorota
- Jarrett Ruth
- Jeffries Aaron R
- Jesudason Natasha
- Jesudason Natasha G
- John Michaela
- Johnson Kate
- Johnson Natasha
- Johnson Rob
- Johnson Robert
- Johnston Ian
- Jones Hannah
- Jones Katie
- Jones Rachel
- Jones Sophie
- Jorgensen David
- Jorgensen David
- Joseph Amelia
- Justice Anita
- Kane Leanne
- Kay Gemma L
- Kay Sally
- Keatley Jon-Paul
- Keeley Alexander J
- Kenyon Anita
- Kermack Leanne M
- Khakh Manjinder
- Khokhar Fahad A
- Kidd Stephen
- Kingsley Robert A
- Kitchen Christine
- Knight Bridget A
- Kolyva Anastasia
- Koshy Cherian
- Kraemer Moritz
- Kristiansen Mark
- Kumziene-Summerhayes Sara
- Kwiatkowski Dominic
- Lackenby Angie
- Langford Cordelia
- Lawniczak Mara
- Le-Viet Thanh
- Lee David
- Lee Jack CD
- Letchford Laura
- Levene Nick
- Levett Lisa J
- Li Kathy
- Li Kathy K
- Liggett Steven
- Lindsey Benjamin B
- Lister Michelle M
- Livett Rich
- Lloyd Allyson
- Lo Stephanie
- Loh Joshua
- Loman Nicholas J
- Loman Nicholas J
- Loose Matthew W
- Loveson Katie F
- Lowe Hannah
- Lucaci Anita O
- Ludden Catherine
- Lynch Jessica
- Lyons Ronan A
- Macfarlane-Smith Louissa R
- Machin Nicholas W
- MacIntyre-Cockett George
- Madona Pinglawathee
- Maes Mailis
- Mahungu Tabitha W
- Mair Daniel
- Maksimovic Joshua
- Manesis Nikos
- Manley Robin
- Manso Carmen
- Marchbank Angela
- Martincorena Inigo
- Martinez-Nunez Rocio T
- Masoli Jane AH
- Mason Jenifer
- Mather Alison E
- Mbisa Tamyo
- McCluggage Kathryn
- McClure Patrick C
- McCrone John T
- McCrone JT
- McGuigan Samantha
- McHugh Martin P
- McKenna James P
- McKerr Caoimhe
- McMinn Liz
- McMurray Claire
- Meader Emma J
- Meadows Lizzie
- Menegazzo Mirko
- Meredith Luke W
- Merrick Ian
- Mestek-Boukhibar Lamia
- Miah Shahjahan
- Michell Stephen L
- Michelsen Michelle L
- Molnar Zoltan
- Monaghan Lynn
- Mookerjee Siddharth
- Moore Catherine
- Moore Catrin
- Moore Christopher
- Moore Nathan
- Morgan Mari
- Morgan Sian
- Mori Matilde
- Moses Samuel
- Muir Peter
- Munn Robert
- Myers Richard
- Nascimento Fabricia F
- Nascimento Fabricia F
- Naydenova Plamena
- Neaverson Alexandra S
- Nebbia Gaia
- Nelson Andrew
- Nelson Charlotte
- Nelson Rachel
- Nicholls Sam
- Nicholls Samuel M
- Nichols Jenna
- Niebel Marc O
- Niola Paola
- Nomikou Kyriaki
- O'Toole Elaine
- O'Toole Áine
- Orton Richard J
- Osman Husam
- Ott Sascha
- O’Grady Justin
- O’Toole Áine
- Pacchiarini Nicole
- Pacchiarini Nicole
- Padgett Debra
- Page Andrew J
- Palmer Sophie
- Palmer Steve
- Panchbhaya Yasmin N
- Pandey Sarojini
- Park Naomi
- Parker Matthew D
- Parmar Surendra
- Parr Yasmin A
- Parsons Paul J
- Partridge David G
- Pascall David J
- Patel Gaurang
- Patel Minal
- Patel Vineet
- Paterson Steve
- Payne Brendan AI
- Peacock Sharon J
- Pearson Clare
- Perry Malorie
- Peto Timothy
- Pinckert Malte L
- Platt Steven
- Plimmer Amy
- Poplawski Radoslaw
- Potter Will
- Prakash Reenesh
- Prestwood Liam
- Price Anna
- Price Anna
- Price James
- Puethe Christoph
- Pybus Oliver
- Pybus Oliver G
- Pymont Hannah M
- Quail Mike
- Quick Joshua
- Raghwani Jayna
- Ragonnet-Cronin Manon
- Rainbow Lucille
- Rajatileka Shavanthi
- Rambaut Andrew
- Rambaut Andrew
- Ramsay Mary
- Randell Paul A
- Raviprakash Veena
- Raza Mohammad
- Resende Silva Paola C
- Rey Sara
- Rey Sara M
- Reynolds Nicola
- Richter Alex
- Robertson David L
- Robertson David L
- Robinson Esther
- Robinson Trevor I
- Robson Samuel C
- Rogers Hazel A
- Rooke Stefan
- Rowan Aileen
- Rowe Will
- Roy Sunando
- Rudder Steven
- Ruis Chris
- Ryan Felicity
- Sambles Christine M
- Sang Fei
- Scarlett Garry P
- Schaefer Ulf
- Scher Emily
- Scott Carol
- Scott Garren
- Sethi Dheeraj K
- Shaaban Sharif
- Shah Divya
- Shah Rajiv
- Shah Rajiv N
- Shankar Giri
- Shaw Robert
- Shepherd James
- Shepherd James G
- Sheriff Nicola
- Shirley Lesley
- Signell Adrian W
- Sillitoe John
- Simpson David A
- Singer Joshua B
- Sivaprakasam Venkat
- Siveroni Igor
- Siveroni Igor
- Sloan Tim J
- Sluga Graciela
- Smith Christen
- Smith Colin P
- Smith Darren L
- Smith Nikki
- Smith Wendy
- Smollett Katherine L
- Snell Luke B
- Souster Emily
- Southgate Joel
- Southgate Joel
- Spellman Karla
- Spencer-Chapman Michael
- Sridhar Sushmita
- Stanley Rachael
- Stanton Thomas D
- Starinskij Igor
- Stark Richard
- Stockton Joanne
- Stuart Claire
- Studholme David J
- Swindells Emma
- Swingler Tracey
- Taha Yusri
- Tang Julian
- Taylor Ben EW
- Taylor Graham P
- Taylor Sarah
- Taylor-Joyce Grace
- Tedim Ana P
- Temperton Ben
- Templeton Kate E
- Thompson Thomas
- Thomson Emma C
- Thomson Emma C
- Thomson Nicholas M
- Thornton Alicia
- Thurston Scott
- Todd John A
- Tong Lily
- Tonkin-Hill Gerry
- Torok M Estee
- Trebes Amy
- Trotter Alexander J
- Tsoleridis Theocharis
- Tucker Rachel M
- Turtle Lance
- Tutill Helena J
- Underwood Anthony P
- Unnikrishnan Meera
- Vamos Edith E
- Vasylyeva Tetyana
- Vattipally Sreenu
- Vipond Ian B
- Volz Erik
- Volz Erik M
- Wain John
- Walsh Sarah
- Wang Dennis
- Wantoch Michelle
- Warne Ben
- Warwick-Dugdale Joanna
- Wastenge Elizabeth
- Watkins Joanne
- Watts Joanne
- Waugh Sheila
- Webber Mark A
- Weeks Sam
- Weldon Danni
- Whitehead Mark
- Williams Charlotte A
- Williams Chris
- Williams David
- Williams Rachel J
- Williams Rebecca
- Williams Thomas
- Williamson Kathleen A
- Willingham Iona
- Wilson Harry D
- Wise Emma
- Workman Trudy
- Wright Victoria
- Wyles Matthew
- Wyllie Sarah
- Yakovleva Anna
- Yasir Muhammad
- Yeats Corin A
- Yew Wen C
- Young Gregory R
- Young Jamie
- Yu Xiaoyu
- Zarebski Alex
- Publication venue
- Cell
- Publication date
- 01/09/2020
- Field of study
Global dispersal and increasing frequency of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variant D614G are suggestive of a selective advantage but may also be due to a random founder effect. We investigate the hypothesis for positive selection of spike D614G in the United Kingdom using more than 25,000 whole genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences. Despite the availability of a large dataset, well represented by both spike 614 variants, not all approaches showed a conclusive signal of positive selection. Population genetic analysis indicates that 614G increases in frequency relative to 614D in a manner consistent with a selective advantage. We do not find any indication that patients infected with the spike 614G variant have higher COVID-19 mortality or clinical severity, but 614G is associated with higher viral load and younger age of patients. Significant differences in growth and size of 614G phylogenetic clusters indicate a need for continued study of this variant
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd El Razek Hassan Magdy
- Abd El Razek Muhammed Magdy
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abdullah Kanaan Hamagharib
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Parisa
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abosetugn Akine Eshete
- Aboyans Victor
- Abrams Elissa M.
- Abreu Lucas Guimaraes
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abu Haimed Abdulaziz Khalid
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Acebedo Alyssa
- Ackerman Ilana N.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adair Tim
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adedeji Isaac Akinkunmi
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adelson Jaimie D.
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshari Mahdi
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agardh Emilie E.
- Agarwal Gina
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Agesa Kareha M.
- Aghaali Mohammad
- Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmadpour Ehsan
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Aji Budi
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Noore
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Albertson Samuel B.
- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
- Alema Niguse Meles
- Alemu Biresaw Wassihun
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alhabib Khalid F.
- Alhassan Robert Kaba
- Ali Muhammad
- Ali Saqib
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Alizade Hesam
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla Francois
- Allebeck Peter
- Almadi Majid Abdulrahman Hamad
- Almasi Ali
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Almasri Nihad A.
- Almulhim Abdulaziz M.
- Alonso Jordi
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Alumran Arwa Khalid
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J.
- Amare Azmeraw T.
- Amare Bekalu
- Amini Saeed
- Amini-Rarani Mostafa
- Aminorroaya Arya
- Amiri Fatemeh
- Amit Arianna Maever L.
- Amugsi Dickson A.
- Amul Gianna Gayle Herrera
- Anbesu Etsay Woldu
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson Jason A.
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
- Androudi Sofia
- Angus Colin
- Anjomshoa Mina
- Ansari Fereshteh
- Ansari Iman
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
- Antony Catherine M.
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anvari Davood
- Anwer Razique
- Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Arab-Zozani Morteza
- Arabloo Jalal
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y.
- Arba Aseb Arba Kinfe
- Aremu Olatunde
- Ariani Filippo
- Aripov Timur
- Armoon Bahram
- Arnlov Johan
- Arowosegbe Oluwaseyi Olalekan
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Arzani Afsaneh
- Asaad Malke
- Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran
- Asadi-Pooya Ali A.
- Asgari Samaneh
- Asghari Babak
- Ashbaugh Charlie
- Assmus Michael
- Atafar Zahra
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atnafu Desta Debalkie
- Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi
- Atre Sachin R.
- Atteraya Madhu Sudhan
- Ausloos Floriane
- Ausloos Marcel
- Avila-Burgos Leticia
- Avokpaho Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur
- Ayano Getinet
- Ayanore Martin Amogre
- Aynalem Getie Lake
- Aynalem Yared Asmare
- Ayza Muluken Altaye
- Azari Samad
- Azarian Ghasem
- Azene Zelalem Nigussie
- Azhar Gulrez
- Azzopardi Peter S.
- Babaee Ebrahim
- Badawi Alaa
- Badiye Ashish D.
- Bagherzadeh Mojtaba
- Bagli Eleni
- Bahrami Mohammad Amin
- Baig Atif Amin
- Bairwa Mohan
- Bakhshaei Mohammad Hossein
- Bakhtiari Ahad
- Bakkannavar Shankar M.
- Balachandran Arun
- Balakrishnan Senthilkumar
- Balalla Shivanthi
- Balassyano Shelly
- Baldasseroni Alberto
- Bali Ahmed Omar
- Ball Kylie
- Ballew Shoshana H.
- Balzi Daniela
- Banach Maciej
- Bandpei Mohammad A. Mohseni
- Banerjee Srikanta K.
- Banik Palash Chandra
- Bannick Marlena S.
- Bante Agegnehu Bante
- Bante Simachew Animen
- Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher
- Barboza Miguel A.
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barnighausen Till Winfried
- Barrero Lope H.
- Barthelemy Celine M.
- Barua Lingkan
- Barzegar Akbar
- Basaleem Huda
- Bassat Quique
- Basu Sanjay
- Baune Bernhard T.
- Bayati Mohsen
- Baye Bayisa Abdissa
- Bazmandegan Gholamreza
- Becker Jacob S.
- Bedi Neeraj
- Beghi Ettore
- Behzadifar Masoud
- Bejot Yannick
- Bekuma Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye
- Bell Michelle L.
- Bello Aminu K.
- Bender Rose G.
- Bennett Derrick A.
- Bennitt Fiona B.
- Bensenor Isabela M.
- Benziger Catherine P.
- Berhe Kidanemaryam
- Berman Adam E.
- Bernabe Eduardo
- Bernstein Robert S.
- Bertolacci Gregory J.
- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Bhageerathy Reshmi
- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhandari Dinesh
- Bhardwaj Pankaj
- Bhat Anusha Ganapati
- Bhattacharyya Krittika
- Bhattarai Suraj
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
- Bibi Sadia
- Bicer Burcu Kucuk
- Biehl Molly H.
- Bijani Ali
- Bikbov Boris
- Bilano Ver
- Bin Sayeed Muhammad Shahdaat
- Bin Zaman Sojib
- Biondi Antonio
- Birihane Binyam Minuye
- Bisanzio Donal
- Bisignano Catherine
- Biswas Raaj Kishore
- Bitew Helen
- Bjorge Tone
- Bockarie Moses John
- Bohlouli Somayeh
- Bohluli Mehdi
- Bojia Hunduma Amensisa
- Bolla Srinivasa Rao
- Boloor Archith
- Boon-Dooley Alexandra S.
- Borges Guilherme
- Borzi Antonio Maria
- Borzouei Shiva
- Bose Dipan
- Bosetti Cristina
- Boston Sofia
- Boufous Soufiane
- Bourne Rupert
- Brady Oliver J.
- Braithwaite Dejana
- Brauer Michael
- Brayne Carol
- Breitborde Nicholas J. K.
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens
Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
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- Meharie Birhanu G.
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- Monasta Lorenzo
- Mondello Stefania
- Mooney Meghan D.
- Moosazadeh Mahmood
- Moradi Ghobad
- Moradi Masoud
- Moradi-Joo Mohammad
- Moradi-Lakeh Maziar
- Moradzadeh Rahmatollah
- Moraga Paula
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- Mosapour Abbas
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- Naghavi Mohsen
- Naghshtabrizi Behshad
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- Nguyen Diep N.
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- Nguyen Jason Q.
- Nguyen Michele
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- Nichols Emma
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- Nigatu Yeshambel T.
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- Nikpoor Amin R.
- Nixon Molly R.
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- Pakhare Abhijit P.
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- Palladino Raffaele
- Pana Adrian
- Panda-Jonas Songhomitra
- Pandey Anamika
- Pangaribuan Helena U.
- Park Eun-Kee
- Park James
- Parmar Priya
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- Patel Jenil R.
- Patel Sangram K.
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- Pourmalek Farshad
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- Pourshams Akram
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- Prada Sergio I.
- Prakash Sanjay
- Prakash V.
- Prasad Narayan
- Preotescu Liliana
- Pribadi Dimas R.
- Pupillo Elisabetta
- Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- Rabiee Mohammad
- Rabiee Navid
- Radfar Amir
- Rafiee Ata
- Rafiei Alireza
- Raggi Alberto
- Rahim Fakher
- Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
- Rahman Mohammad H.
- Rahman Muhammad A.
- Rajabpour-Sanati Ali
- Rajati Fatemeh
- Rakovac Ivo
- Ram Pradhum
- Ramezanzadeh Kiana
- Rana Saleem M.
- Ranabhat Chhabi L.
- Ranta Annemarei
- Rao Puja C.
- Rao Sowmya J.
- Rasella Davide
- Rashedi Vahid
- Rastogi Prateek
- Rath Goura K.
- Rathi Priya
- Rawaf David L.
- Rawaf Salman
- Rawal Lal
- Rawassizadeh Reza
- Rawat Ramu
- Razo Christian
- Redford Sofia B.
- Regassa Lemma D.
- Reiner Robert C.
- Reinig Nickolas
- Reitsma Marissa B.
- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Renjith Vishnu
- Renzaho Andre M. N. (R17978)
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Øverland Simon
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019.
Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019
Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome
- Author
- . Haifeng
- . Magner
- . Yin
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- Iwatsu Mikiko
- Iyer Vivek
- Izatt Janet
- Izmajlowicz Monica
- Izumiyama Tomohiro
- Jacintho Mark
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- Jackson Terri
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- Jaeger Sara
- Jaffe David B.
- Jahn Niels
- Jaklevic Joseph
- Jaklevic Michael
- James Kent W.
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- Jarek Michael
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- Jenkins Lee
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- Jewett Phillip E.
- Jia Jia
- Jia Jia
- Jia Nan
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- Jiang Lu
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- Kou Zhaohui
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- Madabhushi Ramki
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- Murayama Yuji
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- Nusbaum Chad
- Nwaokelemeh Ogechi O.
- Nwokenkwo Stanley
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- O\u27Donovan Daniel
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- O\u27Loughlin Jennifer
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- Oliver Hayley
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- Omotosho Bamidele
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- Sonnhammer Erik
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- Svatek Amanda F.
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- Taudien Stefan
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- Taylor Tineace R.
- Taylor Todd Duane
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- Tee Louise
- Telford Ethan Brett
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- Tsamla Tsamla
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- Tsujimoto Susan
- Tsukamoto Yumi
- Tsuruoka Hiromi
- Tsuzuki Rina
- Tu Yuefeng
- Tu Yuefeng
- Tubby Ben
- Tufarelli Cristina
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- Wang Jing
- Wang Jingqiang
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- Wang Jinhua
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- Wang Li
- Wang Lijie
- Wang Lijuan
- Wang Lijun
- Wang Ling
- Wang Liqun
- Wang Mei
- Wang Qiaoyan
- Wang Shifen
- Wang Shu
- Wang Suzhen
- Wang Wenjun
- Wang Xiaoling
- Wang Xiaoning
- Wang Xuefei
- Wang Xuegang
- Wang Yan
- Wang Yimin
- Wang Ying
- Wang Ying
- Wang Yuanyuan
- Wangchuck Tsering
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- Wetterstrand Kris
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- Woyke Tanja
- Wray Matthew
- Wray Paul
- Wright Charmain
- Wright Debbie
- Wright Kathrine
- Wright Kristin
- Wright Rita A.
- Wu Chungen
- Wu Dongying
- Wu Jiaqian
- Wu Jung-Rung
- Wu Kevin
- Wu Qingfa
- Wu Qingfa
- Wu Ruiming
- Wu Xiao
- Wu Xiaojing
- Wu Zaining
- Wyatt Julia
- Wycoff-Montenegro Melissa
- Wylie Kris
- Wyman Dudley
- Wyman Stacia
- Xi Yan
- Xi Yingying
- Xie Fei
- Xie Gary
- Xie Jane
- Xiong Hui
- Xiong Yuqing
- Xu Alex
- Xu Jing
- Xu Jing
- Xu Ruqin
- Xu Shuhua
- Xu Wei
- Xu Xinlai
- Xu Yan
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- Xu Zhihong
- Xu Zuyuan
- Xuan Yali
- Xuan Zhenyu
- Xue Rui
- Yada Tetsushi
- Yadav Shailendra
- Yakub Syed
- Yamamoto Lynn
- Yamamoto Noriko
- Yamamoto Yuko
- Yamashita Yasue
- Yamazaki Satoru
- Yang Hao
- Yang Huanming
- Yang Huanming
- Yang Joan
- Yang Shiaw-Pyng
- Yang Shudong
- Yang Xiaonan
- Yang Xiaonan
- Yang Xiaoping
- Yang Yongkui
- Yano Candance
- Yao Zhijian
- Yao Zhijian
- Yaspo Marie-Laure
- Ye Chen
- Yeager Shane
- Yeh Mimi
- Yen Jennifer
- Yeshitela Rahel Retta
- Yoakum Martin
- Yokobata Kathy
- Yokoyama Jennifer
- Yonezawa Miho
- Yoon Lillienne
- Yoon Vivienne
- Yoshida Satoru
- You Bo
- Young Geneva
- Young Louise
- Young Shelia
- Younger Ruth
- Yu Bing
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- Yu Fuli
- Yu Jun
- Yu Jun
- Yu Jun
- Yuan Kaiwen
- Yuan Ye
- Yuan Yida
- Yue Shujie
- Yumae Brian
- Yun Rui
- Zainoun Joanne
- Zembeck Lisa
- Zeng Yixin
- Zhai Dong
- Zhan Guoping
- Zhang Bo
- Zhang Caimin
- Zhang Fengmei
- Zhang Guangyu
- Zhang Guohua
- Zhang Guohua
- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Hongbo
- Zhang Hongbo
- Zhang Jingjing
- Zhang Jingjing
- Zhang Jingkun
- Zhang Jiuchun
- Zhang Jiuchun
- Zhang Lanzhi
- Zhang Li
- Zhang Li
- Zhang Meihua
- Zhang Meng
- Zhang Ming
- Zhang Qing
- Zhang Ruhua
- Zhang Shaojie
- Zhang Tiezhen
- Zhang Wei
- Zhang Wei
- Zhang Xianglin
- Zhang Xianglin
- Zhang Xiaoliang
- Zhang Xiuqing
- Zhang Yan
- Zhang Yi
- Zhang Yilin
- Zhang Yilin
- Zhang Ying
- Zhang Yuansen
- Zhang Yuzhi
- Zhang Zhengdong
- Zhao Hongmei
- Zhao Lijian
- Zhao Shenru
- Zhao Zhijing
- Zhen Zhicheng
- Zheng Haibo
- Zhong Ming
- Zhou Carol
- Zhou Haixia
- Zhou Jianling
- Zhou Nannan
- Zhou Xinfeng
- Zhou Yan
- Zhou Yang
- Zhou Yi
- Zhu Bingying
- Zhu Bofeng
- Zhu Fenghua
- Zhu Genfeng
- Zhu Genfeng
- Zhu Miao
- Zhu Ning
- Zhu Yongge
- Zhu Zhen
- Zhuang Shitao
- Zierten Deborah
- Zimmer Andrew
- Zody Michael C.
- Zollo Massimo
- Zorrilla Sara E.
- Zuo Lin
- Publication venue
- LSU Digital Commons
- Publication date
- 21/10/2004
- Field of study
The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead
Investigation of hospital discharge cases and SARS-CoV-2 introduction into Lothian care homes
- Author
- Aanensen David M.
- Abudahab Khalil
- Adams Alexander
- Adams Helen
- Afifi Safiah
- Aggarwal Dinesh
- Ahmad Shazaad SY.
- Aigrain Louise
- Alcolea-Medina Adela
- Alikhan Nabil-Fareed
- Allara Elias
- Amato Roberto
- Angyal Adrienn
- Annett Tara
- Aplin Stephen
- Ariani Cristina V.
- Asad Hibo
- Ash Amy
- Ashfield Paula
- Ashford Fiona
- Atkinson Laura
- Attwood Stephen W.
- Auckland Cressida
- Aydin Alp
- Baker David J.
- Baker Paul
- Balcazar Carlos E.
- Ball Jonathan
- Barrett Jeffrey C.
- Barrow Magdalena
- Barton Edward
- Bashton Matthew
- Bassett Andrew R.
- Batra Rahul
- Baxter Chris
- Bayzid Nadua
- Beaver Charlotte
- Beckett Angela H.
- Beckwith Shaun M.
- Bedford Luke
- Beer Robert
- Beggs Andrew
- Bellis Katherine L.
- Berry Louise
- Bertolusso Beatrice
- Best Angus
- Betteridge Emma
- Bibby David
- Bicknell Kelly
- Binns Debbie
- Birchley Alec
- Bird Paul W.
- Bishop Chloe
- Blacow Rachel
- Blakey Victoria
- Blane Beth
- Bolt Frances
- Bonfield James
- Bonner Stephen
- Bonsall David
- Boswell Tim
- Bosworth Andrew
- Bourgeois Yann
- Boyd Olivia
- Bradley Declan T.
- Breen Cassie
- Bresner Catherine
- Breuer Judith
- Bridgett Stephen
- Bronner Iraad F.
- Brooks Ellena
- Broos Alice
- Brown Julianne R.
- Bucca Giselda
- Buchan Sarah L.
- Buck David
- Bull Matthew
- Burns Phillipa J.
- Burton-Fanning Shirelle
- Byaruhanga Timothy
- Byott Matthew
- Campbell Sharon
- Carabelli Alessandro M.
- Cargill James S.
- Carlile Matthew
- Carvalho Sílvia F.
- Casey Anna
- Castigador Anibolina
- Catalan Jana
- Chalker Vicki
- Chaloner Nicola J.
- Chand Meera
- Chappell Joseph G.
- Charalampous Themoula
- Chatterton Wendy
- Chaudhry Yasmin
- Churcher Carol M.
- Clark Gemma
- Clarke Phillip
- Cogger Benjamin J.
- Cole Kevin
- Collins Jennifer
- Colquhoun Rachel
- Connor Thomas R.
- Cook Kate F.
- Coombes Jason
- Corden Sally
- Cormie Claire
- Cortes Nicholas
- Cotic Marius
- Cotton S.
- Cotton Seb
- Cottrell Simon
- Coupland Lindsay
- Cox Alison
- Cox MacGregor
- Craine Noel
- Crawford Liam
- Cross Aidan
- Crown Matthew R.
- Crudgington Dorian
- Cumley Nicola
- Curran Martin D.
- Curran Tanya
- Cutino-Moguel Teresa
- da Silva Filipe Ana
- Dabrer Gavin
- Darby Alistair C.
- Davidson Rose K.
- Davies Alisha
- Davies Robert M.
- Davis Thomas
- de Angelis Daniela
- De Lacy Elen
- de Oliveira Martins Leonardo
- de Silva Thushan I.
- Debebe Johnny
- Delgado Callico Laia
- Denton-Smith Rebecca
- Dervisevic Samir
- Dewar R.
- Dewar Rebecca
- Dey Jayasree
- Dias Joana
- Dobie Donald
- Dorman Matthew J.
- Downing Fatima
- Driscoll Megan
- du Plessis Louis
- Duckworth Nichola
- Durham Jillian
- Eastick Kirstine
- Easton Lisa J.
- Eccles Richard
- Edgeworth Jonathan
- Edwards Sue
- El Bouzidi Kate
- Eldirdiri Sahar
- Ellaby Nicholas
- Elliott Scott
- Eltringham Gary
- Ensell Leah
- Erkiert Michelle J.
- Essex Sarah
- Evans Cariad
- Evans Johnathan M.
- Everson William
- Fairley Derek J.
- Fallon Karlie
- Fanaie Arezou
- Farr Ben W.
- Fearn Christopher
- Feltwell Theresa
- Ferguson Lynne
- Fina Laia
- Flaviani Flavia
- Fleming Vicki M.
- Forrest Sally
- Foster-Nyarko Ebenezer
- Foulkes Benjamin H.
- Foulser Luke
- Fragakis Mireille
- Frampton Dan
- Francois Sarah
- Fraser Christophe
- Freeman Timothy M.
- Fryer Helen
- Fuchs Marc
- Fuller William
- Gajee Kavitha
- Galai Katerina
- Gallagher Abbie
- Gallagher Eileen
- Gallagher Michael D.
- Gallis Marta
- Gaskin Amy
- Gatica-Wilcox Bree
- Geidelberg Lily
- Gemmell Matthew
- Georgana Iliana
- George Ryan P.
- Gifford Laura
- Gilbert Lauren
- Girgis Sophia T.
- Glaysher Sharon
- Goldstein Emily J.
- Golubchik Tanya
- Gomes Andrea N.
- Gonçalves Sónia
- Goodwin Scott
- Goudarzi Salman
- Gourtovaia Marina
- Graham Clive
- Graham Lee
- Grant Paul R.
- Green Angie
- Green Luke R.
- Greenaway Jane
- Gregory Richard
- Guest Martyn
- Gunson Rory N.
- Gupta Ravi K.
- Gutierrez Bernardo
- Haas J.G.
- Haldenby Sam T.
- Hamilton William L.
- Hansford Samantha E.
- Haque Tanzina
- Harris Kathryn A.
- Harrison Ewan M.
- Harrison Ian
- Hart Jennifer
- Hartley John A.
- Harvey Matthew
- Harvey William T.
- Hassan-Ibrahim Mohammed O.
- Heaney Judith
- Helmer Thomas
- Henderson John H.
- Hesketh Andrew R.
- Hey Jessica
- Heyburn David
- Higginson Ellen E.
- Hill Jack D.
- Hill Verity
- Hilson Rachel A.
- Hilvers Ember
- Holden Matthew TG.
- Hollis Amy
- Holmes Alison H.
- Holmes Christopher W.
- Holmes Nadine
- Hopes Richard
- Hornsby Hailey R.
- Hosmillo Myra
- Houlihan Catherine
- Howson-Wells Hannah C.
- Hsu Sharon N.
- Hubb Jonathan
- Huckson Hannah
- Hughes Joseph
- Hughes Margaret
- Hughes Warwick
- Hutchings Stephanie
- Idle Giles
- Illingworth Chris J.
- Impey Robert
- Irish-Tavares Dianne
- Iturriza-Gomara Miren
- Izuagbe Rhys
- Jackson Ben
- Jackson Chris
- Jackson David K.
- Jackson Kathryn A.
- Jackson Leigh M.
- Jahun Aminu S.
- James Keith
- James Victoria
- Jeanes Christopher
- Jeffries Aaron R.
- Jeremiah Sarah
- Jermy Andrew
- John Michaela
- Johnson Kate
- Johnson Rob
- Johnston Ian
- Jones Christopher R.
- Jones Hannah
- Jones Neil
- Jones Owen
- Jones Sophie
- Joseph Amelia
- Judges Sarah
- Kay Gemma L.
- Kay Sally
- Keatley Jon-Paul
- Keeley Alexander J.
- Kele Beatrix
- Kenyon Anita
- Kermack Leanne M.
- Khakh Manjinder
- Kidd Stephen P.
- Killough Nicholas F.
- Kimuli Maimuna
- Kirk Stuart
- Kitchen Christine
- Kitchman Katie
- Knight Bridget A.
- Koshy Cherian
- Kraemer Moritz UG.
- Kumziene-Summerhayes Sara
- Kwiatkowski Dominic
- Lackenby Angie
- Laing Kenneth G.
- Lampejo Temi
- Langford Cordelia F.
- Lavin Deborah
- Lawton Andrew I.
- Le-Viet Thanh
- Lee David
- Lee Jack CD.
- Lensing Stefanie V.
- Leonard Steven
- Levett Lisa J.
- Lewis Jonathan
- Lewis Kevin
- Liddle Jennifier
- Liggett Steven
- Lillie Patrick J.
- Lindsey Benjamin B.
- Lister Michelle M.
- Livett Rich
- Lo Stephanie
- Loman Nicholas J.
- Loose Matthew W.
- Louka Stavroula F.
- Loveson Katie F.
- Lowdon Sarah
- Lowe Hannah
- Lowe Helen L.
- Lucaci Anita O.
- Ludden Catherine
- Lynch Jessica
- Lyons Ronan A.
- Machin Nicholas W.
- MacIntyre-Cockett George
- Mack Andrew
- Macklin Ben
- Maclean Alasdair
- Macnaughton Emily
- Madona Pinglawathee
- Maes Mailis
- Maftei Laurentiu
- Mahanama Adhyana IK.
- Mahungu Tabitha W.
- Mair Daniel
- Maksimovic Joshua
- Malone Cassandra S.
- Maloney Daniel
- Manesis Nikos
- Manley Robin
- Mantzouratou Anna
- Marchbank Angela
- Mariappan Arun
- Markov Anna
- Martincorena Inigo
- Martinez Nunez Rocio T.
- Mather Alison E.
- Maxwell Patrick
- Mayhew Megan
- Mbisa Tamyo
- McCann Clare M.
- McCarthy Shane A.
- McCluggage Kathryn
- McClure Patrick C.
- McCrone J.T.
- McHugh M.P.
- McHugh Martin P.
- McKenna James P.
- McKerr Caoimhe
- McManus Georgina M.
- McMurray Claire
- McMurray Claire L.
- McNal Alan
- Meadows Lizzie
- Medd Nathan
- Megram Oliver
- Menegazzo Mirko
- Merrick Ian
- Michell Stephen L.
- Michelsen Michelle L.
- Mirfenderesky Mariyam
- Mirza Jeremy
- Miskelly Julia
- Moles-Garcia Emma
- Moll Robin J.
- Molnar Zoltan
- Monahan Irene M.
- Mondani Matteo
- Mookerjee Siddharth
- Moore Catherine
- Moore Christopher
- Moore Jonathan
- Moore Nathan
- Morcrette Helen
- Morgan Mari
- Morgan Sian
- Mori Matilde
- Morris Arthur
- Moses Samuel
- Mower Craig
- Muir Peter
- Mukaddas Afrida
- Munemo Florence
- Munn Robert
- Murray Abigail
- Murray Darren R.
- Murray Leanne J.
- Mutingwende Manasa
- Myers Richard
- Nastouli Eleni
- Nebbia Gaia
- Nelson Andrew
- Nelson Charlotte
- Nicholls Sam
- Nichols Jenna
- Nicodemi Roberto
- Nomikou Kyriaki
- O'Brien Sarah
- O'Grady Justin
- O'Toole Áine
- Odedra Mina
- Ohemeng-Kumi Natasha
- Oliver Karen
- Orton Richard J.
- Osman Husam
- Pacchiarini Nicole
- Padgett Debra
- Page Andrew J.
- Park Emily J.
- Park Naomi R.
- Parker Matthew D.
- Parmar Surendra
- Partridge David G.
- Pascall David
- Patel Amita
- Patel Bindi
- Paterson Steve
- Payne Brendan AI.
- Peacock Sharon J.
- Pearson Clare
- Pelosi Emanuela
- Percival Benita
- Perkins Jon
- Perry Malorie
- Pinckert Malte L.
- Platt Steven
- Podplomyk FD Olga
- Pohare Manoj
- Pond Marcus
- Pope Cassie F.
- Poplawski Radoslaw
- Powell Jessica
- Poyner Jennifer
- Prestwood Liam
- Price Anna
- Price James R.
- Prieto Jacqui A.
- Pritch David T.
- Prosolek Sophie J.
- Pugh Georgia
- Pusok Monika
- Pybus Oliver G.
- Pymont Hannah M.
- Quail Michael A.
- Quick Joshua
- Radulescu Clara
- Raghwani Jayna
- Ragonnet-Cronin Manon
- Rainbow Lucille
- Rajan Diana
- Rajatileka Shavanthi
- Ramadan Newara A.
- Rambaut Andrew
- Ramble John
- Randell Paul
- Randell Paul A.
- Ratcliffe Liz
- Raviprakash Veena
- Raza Mohammad
- Redshaw Nicholas M.
- Rey Sara
- Reynolds Nicola
- Richter Alex
- Robertson David L.
- Robinson Esther
- Robson Samuel C.
- Rogan Fiona
- Rooke Stefan
- Rowe Will
- Roy Sunando
- Rudder Steven
- Ruis Chris
- Rushton Steven
- Saeed Kordo
- Samaraweera Buddhini
- Sambles Christine M.
- Sanderson Roy
- Sanderson Theo
- Sang Fei
- Sass Thea
- Scher Emily
- Scott Carol
- Scott Garren
- Sehmi Jasveen
- Shaaban Sharif
- Shah Divya
- Shaw Jessica
- Shelest Ekaterina
- Shepherd James G.
- Sheridan Liz A.
- Sheriff Nicola
- Shirley Lesley
- Sillitoe John
- Silviera Siona
- Simpson David A.
- Singh Aditi
- Singleton Dawn
- Skvortsov Timofey
- Sloan Tim J.
- Sluga Graciela
- Smith Colin P.
- Smith Darren L.
- Smith Ken
- Smith Kim S.
- Smith Louise
- Smith Nikki
- Smith Perminder
- Smollett Katherine L.
- Snell Luke B.
- Somassa Thomas
- Southgate Joel
- Spellman Karla
- Spencer Chapman Michael H.
- Spurgin Lewis G.
- Spyer Moira J.
- Stanley Rachael
- Stanley William
- Stanton Thomas D.
- Starinskij Igor
- Stockton Joanne
- Stonehouse Susanne
- Storey Nathaniel
- Studholme David J.
- Sudhanva Malur
- Swindells Emma
- Taha Yusri
- Tan Ngee Keong
- Tang Julian W.
- Tang Miao
- Taylor Ben EW.
- Taylor Joshua F.
- Taylor Sarah
- Temperton Ben
- Templeton K.
- Templeton Kate E.
- Thomas Claire
- Thomas-McEwen Peter MD.
- Thomson Emma C.
- Thomson Laura
- Thornton Alicia
- Thurston Scott AJ.
- Todd John A.
- Tomb Rachael
- Tong Lily
- Tonkin-Hill Gerry
- Tovar-Corona Jaime M.
- Trebes Amy
- Trotter Alexander J.
- Tsatsani Ioulia
- Turnbull Robyn
- Twohig Katherine A.
- Umpleby Helen
- Underwood Anthony P.
- Vamos Edith E.
- Vasylyeva Tetyana I.
- Vattipally Sreenu
- Vernet Gabrielle
- Vipond Barry B.
- Volz Erik M.
- Walsh Sarah
- Wang Dennis
- Warne Ben
- Warwick-Dugdale Joanna
- Wastnedge Elizabeth
- Watkins Joanne
- Watson DipHE Louisa K.
- Waugh Sheila
- Webster Hermione J.
- Weldon Danni
- Westwick Elaine
- Whalley Thomas
- Wheeler Helen
- Whitehead Mark
- Whiteley Max
- Whitwham Andrew
- Wierzbicki Claudia
- Willford Nicholas J.
- Williams Catryn
- Williams Charlotte A.
- Williams Cheryl
- Williams Chris
- Williams Lesley-Anne
- Williams Rachel J.
- Williams Rebecca
- Williams Thomas
- Williamson Kathleen A.
- Wilson-Davies Eleri
- Witele Eric
- Withell Karen T.
- Witney Adam A.
- Wolverson Paige
- Wong Nick
- Workma Trudy
- Wright Derek W.
- Wright Victoria
- Wyatt Tim
- Wyllie Sarah
- Xu-McCrae Li
- Yavus Mehmet
- Yaze Geraldine
- Yeats Corin A.
- Yebra Gonzalo
- Yew Wen C.
- Young Gregory R.
- Young Jamie
- Zarebski Alex E.
- Zhang Peijun
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 09/03/2023
- Field of study
Background
The first epidemic wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Scotland resulted in high case numbers and mortality in care homes. In Lothian, over one-third of care homes reported an outbreak, while there was limited testing of hospital patients discharged to care homes.
Aim
To investigate patients discharged from hospitals as a source of SARS-CoV-2 introduction into care homes during the first epidemic wave.
Methods
A clinical review was performed for all patients discharges from hospitals to care homes from 1st March 2020 to 31st May 2020. Episodes were ruled out based on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test history, clinical assessment at discharge, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data and an infectious period of 14 days. Clinical samples were processed for WGS, and consensus genomes generated were used for analysis using Cluster Investigation and Virus Epidemiological Tool software. Patient timelines were obtained using electronic hospital records.
Findings
In total, 787 patients discharged from hospitals to care homes were identified. Of these, 776 (99%) were ruled out for subsequent introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into care homes. However, for 10 episodes, the results were inconclusive as there was low genomic diversity in consensus genomes or no sequencing data were available. Only one discharge episode had a genomic, time and location link to positive cases during hospital admission, leading to 10 positive cases in their care home.
Conclusion
The majority of patients discharged from hospitals were ruled out for introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into care homes, highlighting the importance of screening all new admissions when faced with a novel emerging virus and no available vaccine
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron is an immune escape variant with an altered cell entry pathway
- Author
- Aanensen David M.
- Abraham Priyanka
- Abudahab Khalil
- Adams Alexander
- Adams Helen
- Adele Sandra
- Afifi Safiah
- Aggarwal Dinesh
- Ahmad Shazaad S. Y.
- Aigrain Louise
- Alcolea-Medina Adela
- Alikhan Nabil-Fareed
- Allara Elias
- Amato Roberto
- Angyal Adrienn
- Annett Tara
- Ansari M. Azim
- Aplin Stephen
- Ariani Cristina V.
- Asad Hibo
- Asamaphan Patawee
- Ash Amy
- Ashfield Paula
- Ashford Fiona
- Ashraf Shirin
- Atkinson Laura
- Attwood Stephen W.
- Auckland Cressida
- Austin James
- Aydin Alp
- Baker David J.
- Baker Paul
- Balcazar Carlos E.
- Ball Jonathan
- Barnes Eleanor
- Barrett Jeffrey C.
- Barrow Magdalena
- Barton Edward
- Bashton Matthew
- Bassett Andrew R.
- Batra Rahul
- Baxter Chris
- Bayzid Nadua
- Beaver Charlotte
- Beckett Angela H.
- Beckwith Shaun M.
- Bedford Luke
- Beer Robert
- Beggs Andrew
- Bellis Katherine L.
- Berry Louise
- Bertolusso Beatrice
- Best Angus
- Betteridge Emma
- Bibby David
- Bicknell Kelly
- Binns Debbie
- Birchley Alec
- Bird Paul W.
- Bishop Chloe
- Blacow Rachel
- Blakey Victoria
- Blane Beth
- Bolt Frances
- Bonfield James
- Bonner Stephen
- Bonsall David
- Boswell Tim
- Bosworth Andrew
- Bourgeois Yann
- Bouzidi Kate El
- Boyd Olivia
- Bradley Declan T.
- Breen Cassie
- Bresner Catherine
- Breuer Judith
- Bridgett Stephen
- Bronner Iraad F.
- Brooks Ellena
- Broos Alice
- Brown Anthony
- Brown Julianne R.
- Bucca Giselda
- Buchan Sarah L.
- Buck David
- Bull Matthew
- Burns Phillipa J.
- Burton-Fanning Shirelle
- Byaruhanga Timothy
- Byott Matthew
- Campbell Sharon
- Cantoni Diego
- Carabelli Alessandro M.
- Cargill James S.
- Carlile Matthew
- Carvalho Sílvia F.
- Casey Anna
- Castigador Anibolina
- Catalan Jana
- Chalker Vicki
- Chaloner Nicola J.
- Chand Meera
- Chappell Joseph G.
- Charalampous Themoula
- Chatterton Wendy
- Chaudhry Yasmin
- Churcher Carol M.
- Clark Gemma
- Clarke Phillip
- Cogger Benjamin J.
- Cole Kevin
- Collins Jennifer
- Colquhoun Rachel
- Connor Thomas R.
- Cook Kate F.
- Coombes Jason
- Corden Sally
- Cormie Claire
- Cortes Nicholas
- Cotic Marius
- Cotton Seb
- Cottrell Simon
- Coupland Lindsay
- Cowton Vanessa
- Cox Alison
- Cox MacGregor
- Craine Noel
- Crawford Liam
- Cross Aidan
- Crown Matthew R.
- Crudgington Dorian
- Cumley Nicola
- Curran Martin D.
- Curran Tanya
- Cutino-Moguel Teresa
- da Silva Filipe Ana
- da Silva Filipe Ana
- Dabrera Gavin
- Darby Alistair C.
- Davidson Rose K.
- Davies Alisha
- Davies Robert M.
- Davis Chris
- Davis Thomas
- de Angelis Daniela
- De Lacy Elen
- De Lorenzo Giuditta
- de Oliveira Martins Leonardo
- de Silva Thushan
- de Silva Thushan I.
- Debebe Johnny
- Deeks Alexandra
- Denton-Smith Rebecca
- Dervisevic Samir
- Dewar Rebecca
- Dey Jayasree
- Dias Joana
- Dobie Donald
- Dorman Matthew J.
- Downing Fatima
- Driscoll Megan
- du Plessis Louis
- Duckworth Nichola
- Dunachie Susanna
- Dunachie Susanna
- Duncan Christopher
- Durham Jillian
- Eastick Kirstine
- Easton Lisa J.
- Eccles Richard
- Edgeworth Jonathan
- Edwards Sue
- Eldirdiri Sahar
- Ellaby Nicholas
- Elliott Scott
- Eltringham Gary
- Ensell Leah
- Erkiert Michelle J.
- Essex Sarah
- Evans Cariad
- Evans Johnathan M.
- Everson William
- Fairley Derek J.
- Fallon Karlie
- Fanaie Arezou
- Farr Ben W.
- Fearn Christopher
- Feltwell Theresa
- Ferguson Lynne
- Fina Laia
- Flaviani Flavia
- Fleming Vicki M.
- Forrest Sally
- Foster-Nyarko Ebenezer
- Foulkes Benjamin H.
- Foulser Luke
- Fragakis Mireille
- Frampton Dan
- Francois Sarah
- Fraser Christophe
- Freeman Timothy M.
- Fryer Helen
- Fuchs Marc
- Fuller William
- Furnon Wilhelm
- Gajee Kavitha
- Galai Katerina
- Gallagher Abbie
- Gallagher Eileen
- Gallagher Michael D.
- Gallis Marta
- Gaskin Amy
- Gatica-Wilcox Bree
- Geidelberg Lily
- Gemmell Matthew
- Georgana Iliana
- George Ryan P.
- Gifford Laura
- Gilbert Lauren
- Girgis Sophia T.
- Glaysher Sharon
- Goldstein Emily J.
- Golubchik Tanya
- Gomes Andrea N.
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- Goodfellow Ian G.
- Goodwin Scott
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- Gourtovaia Marina
- Graham Clive
- Graham Lee
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- Green Luke R.
- Greenaway Jane
- Gregory Richard
- Grove Joe
- Guest Martyn
- Gunson Rory
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- Gutierrez Bernardo
- Haldenby Sam T.
- Hamilton William L.
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- Impey Robert
- Irish-Tavares Dianne
- Iturriza-Gomara Miren
- Izuagbe Rhys
- Jackson Ben
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- Jahun Aminu S.
- James Keith
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- Kwiatkowski Dominic
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- Laing Kenneth G.
- Lampejo Temi
- Langford Cordelia F.
- Lavin Deborah
- Lawton Andrew I.
- Le-Viet Thanh
- Lee David
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- Lensing Stefanie V.
- Leonard Steven
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- Lewis Jonathan
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- Liddle Jennifier
- Liggett Steven
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- Lindsey Benjamin B.
- Lister Michelle M.
- Livett Rich
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- Logan Nicola
- Loman Nicholas J.
- Loose Matthew W.
- Louka Stavroula F.
- Loveson Katie F.
- Lowdon Sarah
- Lowe Hannah
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- Lucaci Anita O.
- Ludden Catherine
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- Lyons Ronan A.
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- Machin Nicholas W.
- MacIntyre-Cockett George
- Mack Andrew
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- Madona Pinglawathee
- Maes Mailis
- Maftei Laurentiu
- Mahanama Adhyana I. K.
- Mahungu Tabitha W.
- Mair Daniel
- Maksimovic Joshua
- Malone Cassandra S.
- Maloney Daniel
- Manali Maria
- Manesis Nikos
- Manley Robin
- Mantzouratou Anna
- Marchbank Angela
- Mariappan Arun
- Martincorena Inigo
- Martinez Nunez Rocio T.
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- Maxwell Patrick
- Mayhew Megan
- Mbisa Tamyo
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- McCluggage Kathryn
- McClure Patrick C.
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- McHugh Martin P.
- McKenna James P.
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- McManus Georgina M.
- McMurray Claire
- McMurray Claire L.
- McNally Alan
- Meadows Lizzie
- Medd Nathan
- Megram Oliver
- Menegazzo Mirko
- Merrick Ian
- Michell Stephen L.
- Michelsen Michelle L.
- Mirfenderesky Mariyam
- Mirza Jeremy
- Miskelly Julia
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- Moll Robin J.
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- Monahan Irene M.
- Mondani Matteo
- Mookerjee Siddharth
- Moore Catherine
- Moore Christopher
- Moore Jonathan
- Moore Nathan
- Moore Shona
- Morcrette Helen
- Morgan Mari
- Morgan Sian
- Mori Matilde
- Morriss Arthur
- Moses Samuel
- Mower Craig
- Muir Peter
- Mukaddas Afrida
- Munemo Florence
- Munn Robert
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- Murray Abigail
- Murray Darren R.
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- Mutingwende Manasa
- Myers Richard
- Nastouli Eleni
- Nebbia Gaia
- Nelson Andrew
- Nelson Charlotte
- Nicholls Sam
- Nichols Jenna
- Nicodemi Roberto
- Nomikou Kyriaki
- O?Brien Sarah
- O?Grady Justin
- O?Toole Áine
- Odedra Mina
- Ohemeng-Kumi Natasha
- Oliver Karen
- Orton Richard
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- Osman Husam
- Pacchiarini Nicole
- Padgett Debra
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- Partridge David G.
- Pascall David
- Pascall David J.
- Patel Amita
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- Patel Bindi
- Paterson Steve
- Payne Brendan A. I.
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- Pearson Clare
- Pelosi Emanuela
- Percival Benita
- Perkins Jon
- Perry Malorie
- Pinckert Malte L.
- Pinto Rute Maria
- Platt Steven
- Podplomyk Olga
- Pohare Manoj
- Pond Marcus
- Pope Cassie F.
- Poplawski Radoslaw
- Powell Jessica
- Poyner Jennifer
- Prestwood Liam
- Price Anna
- Price James R.
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- Prosolek Sophie J.
- Pugh Georgia
- Pusok Monika
- Puxty Kathryn
- Pybus Oliver G.
- Pymont Hannah M.
- Quail Michael A.
- Quick Joshua
- Radulescu Clara
- Raghwani Jayna
- Ragonnet-Cronin Manon
- Rainbow Lucille
- Rajan Diana
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- Ramble John
- Randell Paul
- Randell Paul A.
- Ratcliffe Liz
- Raviprakash Veena
- Ray Surajit
- Raza Mohammad
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- Robinson Esther
- Robson Samuel C.
- Rogan Fiona
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- Rowe Will
- Roy Sunando
- Rudder Steven
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- Rushton Steven
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- Saeed Kordo
- Samaraweera Buddhini
- Sambles Christine M.
- Sanderson Roy
- Sanderson Theo
- Sang Fei
- Sass Thea
- Scher Emily
- Scott Carol
- Scott Garren
- Scott Sam
- Sehmi Jasveen
- Shaaban Sharif
- Shaaban Sharif
- Shah Divya
- Shaw Jessica
- Shelest Ekaterina
- Shepherd James G.
- Sheridan Liz A.
- Sheriff Nicola
- Shirley Lesley
- Sillitoe John
- Silva Vanessa
- Silviera Siona
- Simpson David A.
- Singh Aditi
- Singleton Dawn
- Skvortsov Timofey
- Sloan Tim J.
- Sluga Graciela
- Smith Colin P.
- Smith Darren L.
- Smith Ken
- Smith Kim S.
- Smith Louise
- Smith Nikki
- Smith Perminder
- Smollett Katherine
- Smollett Katherine L.
- Snell Luke B.
- Somassa Thomas
- Southgate Joel
- Spellman Karla
- Spencer Chapman Michael H.
- Spurgin Lewis G.
- Spyer Moira J.
- Stanley Rachael
- Stanley William
- Stanton Thomas D.
- Starinskij Igor
- Stockton Joanne
- Stonehouse Susanne
- Storey Nathaniel
- Studholme David J.
- Sudhanva Malur
- Swindells Emma
- Szemiel Agnieszka
- Taha Yusri
- Tan Ngee Keong
- Tang Julian W.
- Tang Miao
- Taylor Ben E. W.
- Taylor Joshua F.
- Taylor Sarah
- Temperton Ben
- Templeton Kate
- Templeton Kate E.
- Thomas Claire
- Thomson Emma C.
- Thomson Emma C.
- Thomson Laura
- Thornton Alicia
- Thurston Scott A. J.
- Todd John A.
- Tomb Rachael
- Tong Lily
- Tong Lily
- Tonkin-Hill Gerry
- Torok M. Estee
- Tovar-Corona Jaime M.
- Trebes Amy
- Trotter Alexander J.
- Tsatsani Ioulia
- Turnbull Robyn
- Turtle Lance
- Twohig Katherine A.
- Umpleby Helen
- Underwood Anthony P.
- Vamos Edith E.
- Vasylyeva Tetyana I.
- Vattipally Sreenu
- Vernet Gabrielle
- Vink Elen
- Vipond Barry B.
- Volz Erik M.
- Walsh Sarah
- Wang Dennis
- Warne Ben
- Warwick-Dugdale Joanna
- Wastnedge Elizabeth
- Watkins Joanne
- Watson Louisa K.
- Waugh Sheila
- Webster Hermione J.
- Weldon Danni
- Westwick Elaine
- Whalley Thomas
- Wheeler Helen
- Whitehead Mark
- Whiteley Max
- Whitwham Andrew
- Wierzbicki Claudia
- Wilkie Craig
- Willett Brian J.
- Willford Nicholas J.
- Williams Catryn
- Williams Charlotte A.
- Williams Cheryl
- Williams Chris
- Williams Lesley-Anne
- Williams Rachel J.
- Williams Rebecca
- Williams Thomas
- Williamson Kathleen A.
- Wilson-Davies Eleri
- Witele Eric
- Withell Karen T.
- Witney Adam A.
- Wolverson Paige
- Wong Nick
- Workman Trudy
- Wright Derek W.
- Wright Victoria
- Wyatt Tim
- Wyllie Sarah
- Xu-McCrae Li
- Yavus Mehmet
- Yaze Geraldine
- Yeats Corin A.
- Yebra Gonzalo
- Yebra Gonzalo
- Yew Wen C.
- Young Gregory R.
- Young Jamie
- Zarebski Alex E.
- Zhang Peijun
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 31/08/2022
- Field of study
Vaccines based on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are a cornerstone of the public health response to COVID-19. The emergence of hypermutated, increasingly transmissible variants of concern (VOCs) threaten this strategy. Omicron (B.1.1.529), the fifth VOC to be described, harbours multiple amino acid mutations in spike, half of which lie within the receptor-binding domain. Here we demonstrate substantial evasion of neutralization by Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants in vitro using sera from individuals vaccinated with ChAdOx1, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. These data were mirrored by a substantial reduction in real-world vaccine effectiveness that was partially restored by booster vaccination. The Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 did not induce cell syncytia in vitro and favoured a TMPRSS2-independent endosomal entry pathway, these phenotypes mapping to distinct regions of the spike protein. Impaired cell fusion was determined by the receptor-binding domain, while endosomal entry mapped to the S2 domain. Such marked changes in antigenicity and replicative biology may underlie the rapid global spread and altered pathogenicity of the Omicron variant
Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in a UK university identifies dynamics of transmission
- Author
- Aanensen David M.
- Abell Chris
- Abudahab Khalil
- Acheson Erwan
- Adams Alexander
- Adams Helen
- Afifi Safiah
- Aggarwal Dinesh
- Aggarwal Dinesh
- Ahmad Shazaad S. Y.
- Ahmadi-Assalemi Gabriela
- Aigrain Louise
- Alam Mohammad T.
- Alcolea-Medina Adela
- Alderton Alex
- Alikhan Nabil-Fareed
- Allara Elias
- Amato Roberto
- Andersson Monique
- Angelis Daniela De
- Angelis Daniela De
- Angyal Adrienn
- Aranday-Cortes Elihu
- Ariani Cristina V.
- Asad Hibo
- Asamaphan Patawee
- Ash Amy
- Ashcroft Fiona
- Atkinson Laura
- Attwood Stephen W.
- Auckland Cressida
- Awan Ali R.
- Aydin Alp
- Baker David J.
- Baker Paul
- Balcazar Carlos E.
- Ball Jonathan
- Barrett Jeff
- Barton Edward
- Bashton Matthew
- Bassett Andrew R.
- Batra Rahul
- Baxter Laura
- Bayzid Nadua
- Beale Mathew A.
- Beaver Charlotte
- Beckett Angela H.
- Bedford Luke
- Beer Robert
- Beggs Andrew
- Bellis Katherine L.
- Berry Lisa
- Berry Louise
- Berry Sarah
- Best Angus
- Betancor Gilberto
- Betteridge Emma
- Bewshea Claire M.
- Bibby David
- Bicknell Kelly
- Birchley Alec
- Bird Paul
- Bishop Chloe
- Blacow Rachel
- Blakey Victoria
- Blane Beth
- Bolt Frances
- Bonfield James
- Bonner Stephen
- Bonsall David
- Boswell Tim
- Bosworth Andrew
- Bourgeois Yann
- Boyd Olivia
- BoYes John
- Bradley Amanda
- Bradley Declan T.
- Bradshaw Daniel
- Braithwaite Vickie
- Breen Cassie
- Bresner Catherine
- Breuer Judith
- Bridgewater Hannah E.
- Brierley Craig
- Bronner Iraad F.
- Brooks Ellena
- Broos Alice
- Brown Christopher
- Brown Christopher A.
- Brown Julianne R.
- Brown Nicholas M.
- Brown Paul E.
- Brown Rebecca
- Bucca Giselda
- Buck David
- Bull Matthew
- Burton-Fanning Shirelle
- Campbell Sharon
- Carabelli Alessandro M.
- Carden Holli
- Carlile Matthew
- Carmichael Stephen N.
- Casey Anna
- Caspersz Michelle
- Ceaser Matt
- Cerda Alberto C.
- Chalker Vicki
- Chand Meera
- Chapman Michael H. S.
- Chapman Michael R.
- Chappell Joseph G.
- Charalampous Themoula
- Chatterton Wendy
- Chaudhry Afzal
- Chaudhry Yasmin
- Chauhan Anoop J.
- Cheng Jeffrey K. J.
- Churcher Carol M.
- Clark Gemma
- Clark Roger
- Clarke Rebecca
- Cogger Benjamin J.
- Coll Francesc
- Collins Jennifer
- Connor David
- Connor Thomas R.
- Constantinidou Chrystala
- Cook Kate
- Coombes Jason
- Corden Sally
- Cormie Claire
- Cortes Nick
- Cotic Marius
- Cottrell Simon
- Coupland Lindsay
- Cowell Angela
- Cox Alison
- Craine Noel
- Crawford Liam
- Cronin Michelle
- Crook Derrick
- Crowcroft Jon
- Cumley Nicola
- Curran Martin D.
- Curran Tanya
- da Silva Filipe Ana
- Dabrera Gavin
- Dadrah Ashok
- Dahal Aastha
- Danaei Darius
- Danesh John
- Darby Alistair C.
- Davidson Rose K.
- Davies Alisha
- Davies Richard
- Davies Robert
- Davis Thomas
- de Cesare Mariateresa
- de Oliveira Martins Leonardo
- de Silva Thushan I.
- Debebe Johnny
- Dent Hannah
- Dervisevic Samir
- Dewar Rebecca
- Dhada Maharshi
- Dias Joana
- Dorman Matthew J.
- Dougan Gordon
- Douthwaite Julie
- Downing Fatima
- Drury Eleanor
- du Plessis Louis
- du Plessis Louis
- Duckworth Nichola
- Durham Jillian
- Dyer Rory
- Eccles Richard
- Edgeworth Jonathan
- Edwards Sue
- Eldirdiri Sahar
- Ellaby Nicholas
- Ellard Sian
- Elliott Scott
- Eltringham Gary
- Emanuela P.
- Enright Jessica
- Ensell Leah
- Essex Sarah
- Evans Cariad
- Evans Johnathan M.
- Eyre David
- Fairley Derek J.
- Fallon Karlie
- Farbos Audrey
- Farr Ben W.
- Fatseas Tania
- Faulkner Kathryn
- Fearn Christopher
- Feather Tom
- Feltwell Theresa
- Fenton Melisa L.
- Ferris Mark
- Fieldman Thomas
- Fina Laia
- Fisher Chloe L.
- Flaviani Flavia
- Fleming Vicki M.
- Forrest Sally
- Foulser Luke
- Francois Sarah
- Fraser Christophe
- Freeling Anthony
- Freeman Timothy M.
- Frost Lucy R.
- Fuller Stewart
- Fuller William
- Galai Katerina
- Gallagher Eileen
- Gallagher Michael D.
- Gallis Marta
- Gaskin Amy
- Gatica-Wilcox Bree
- Geidelberg Lily
- Gemmell Matthew
- Georgana Iliana
- George Ryan P.
- Georgiou Christine
- Gibbs Karen
- Gifford Laura
- Gilbert Lauren
- Gill Harmeet K.
- Girgis Sophia T.
- Glaysher Sharon
- Glew Rob
- Glover Michael
- Golubchik Tanya
- Goncalves Sonia
- Goodall Robin
- Goodfellow Ian
- Goodfellow Ian G.
- Goodwin Scott
- Goudarzi Salman
- Gourtovaia Marina
- Graham Clive
- Graham Lee
- Grammatopoulos Dimitris
- Gransden Lucie
- Greatorex Jane
- Green Angie
- Green Luke R.
- Greenaway Jane
- Gregory Richard
- Groves Danielle C.
- Groves Natalie
- Guest Martyn
- Gulliver Huw
- Gunson Rory N.
- Gupta Ravi K.
- Gutierrez Bernardo
- Hadjirin Nazreen F.
- Haldenby Sam T.
- Hale Antony D.
- Hall Grant
- Halstead Fenella
- Hamilton William L.
- Hamilton William L.
- Hamilton William L.
- Hancock Dawn
- Hannan Sophie
- Haque Tanzina
- Harper Katherine L.
- Harris Kathryn A.
- Harrison Ewan M.
- Harrison Ian
- Harrison James W.
- Hart Jennifer
- Hartley John A.
- Hartman Hassan
- Hassan-Ibrahim Mohammed O.
- Heaney Judith
- Helmer Thomas
- Henderson Robert
- Hesketh Andrew R.
- Heyburn David
- Higginson Ellen E.
- Hilborne Sarah
- Hill Verity
- Hilvers Ember
- Hiscox Julian A.
- Hoensch Steve
- Hogsden Wendy
- Holden Matthew T. G.
- Holgate Jon
- Hollamby Victoria
- Holmes Alison
- Holmes Christopher
- Holmes Nadine
- Hopes Richard
- Hosaja Aleksandra
- Hosmillo Myra
- Hosmillo Myra
- Howe Robin
- Howes Rob
- Howson-Wells Hannah C.
- Hubb Jonathan
- Hughes Gareth J.
- Hughes Joseph
- Hughes Margaret
- Hughes Robert
- Hunt Martin
- Hutchings Stephanie
- Illingworth Chris
- Illingworth Chris J.
- Impey Robert
- Irish-Tavares Dianne
- Iturriza-Gomara Miren
- Izuagbe Rhys
- Jackson Chris
- Jackson David K.
- Jackson Kathryn A.
- Jahun Aminu
- Jahun Aminu S.
- James Keith
- James Laura
- Jamrozy Dorota
- Jannoo Riaz
- Jeffries Aaron R.
- Jeremiah Sarah
- Jesudason Natasha G.
- John Michaela
- Johnson Dean
- Johnson Kate
- Johnson Natasha
- Johnson Rob
- Johnston Ian
- Jones Carl
- Jones Christopher R.
- Jones Daniel R.
- Jones Hannah
- Jones Katie
- Jones Rachel
- Jones Sophie
- Jordan Sinead
- Jorgensen David
- Joseph Amelia
- Justice Anita
- Kahkeshi Mahin Bagheri
- Kane Leanne
- Karamani Angeliki
- Kay Gemma L.
- Kay Sally
- Keatley Jon-Paul
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- Keen Martin
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- Khakh Manjinder
- Kidd Stephen
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- Knight Bridget A.
- Koshy Cherian
- Kraemer Moritz U. G.
- Kristiansen Mark
- Kuenzi Fred
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- Kwiatkowski Dominic
- Lackenby Angie
- Lacy Elen De
- Lambson Oliver
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- Lawniczak Mara
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- Ledesma Juan
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- Lee Jack C. D.
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- Lewis Kevin
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- Livett Rich
- Lloyd Allyson
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- Loman Nicholas J.
- Loose Matthew W.
- Louka Stavroula F.
- Loveson Katie F.
- Lowe Hannah
- Lowe Helen L.
- Lucaci Anita O.
- Ludden Catherine
- Ludden Catherine
- Lynch Jessica
- Lyons Ronan A.
- Macfarlane-Smith Louissa R.
- Machin Nicholas W.
- MacIntyre-Cockett George
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- Mahungu Tabitha W.
- Mair Daniel
- Maksimovic Joshua
- Makunin Alex
- Malone Cassandra S.
- Manesis Nikos
- Manley Robin
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- Mather Alison E.
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- McHugh Martin P.
- McKenna James P.
- McKerr Caoimhe
- McManus Georgina M.
- McMurray Claire
- McNally Alan
- McNulty Claire
- Meader Emma J.
- Meadows Lizzie
- Megram Oliver
- Menegazzo Mirko
- Merrick Ian
- Merrill Tammy V.
- Metaxaki Marina
- Miah Shahjahan
- Michell Stephen L.
- Michelsen Michelle L.
- Mills John
- Mirza Jeremy
- Moles-Garcia Emma
- Moll Robin J.
- Mollett Guy
- Molnar Zoltan
- Monaghan Lynn
- Mookerjee Siddharth
- Moore Catherine
- Moore Christopher
- Moore Jonathan
- Moore Nathan
- Morgan Mari
- Morgan Sally
- Morgan Sian
- Mori Matilde
- Moses Samuel
- Mozdzen Barbara
- Muir Peter
- Mungovan Diane
- Munn Robert
- Murphy Edna
- Myers Richard
- Nascimento Fabricia F.
- Nebbia Gaia
- Neely Andy
- Nelson Andrew
- Nelson Charlotte
- Nelson Rachel
- Nicholls Sam
- Nichols Jenna
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- Oliver Karen
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- O’Grady Justin
- O’Toole Elaine
- O’Toole Áine
- Pacchiarini Nicole
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- Page Andrew J.
- Palmer Sophie
- Palmer Steve
- Pandey Sarojini
- Park Naomi R.
- Parker Matthew D.
- Parlikad Ajith
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- Partridge David G.
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- Peacock Sharon J.
- Peacock Sharon J.
- Pearson Clare
- Percival Benita
- Perry Malorie
- Peto Timothy
- Pinckert Malte
- Pinckert Malte L.
- Platt Steven
- Plimmer Amy
- Poplawski Radoslaw
- Poppitt Steve
- Prestwood Liam
- Price Anna
- Price James
- Prieto Jacqui A.
- Puethe Christoph
- Pusok Monika
- Pybus Oliver G.
- Pymont Hannah M.
- Quail Michael A.
- Quick Joshua
- Quinnell Natalie
- Radecki Asako
- Raghwani Jayna
- Ragonnet-Cronin Manon
- Rainbow Lucille
- Rajan Diana
- Rajatileka Shavanthi
- Rambaut Andrew
- Ramsay Mary
- Randell Paul A.
- Rankin Jennifer
- Ratcliffe Liz
- Raub Gabor
- Raviprakash Veena
- Raza Mohammad
- Redshaw Nicholas M.
- Rees Steve
- Rey Sara
- Reynolds Nicola
- Richter Alex
- Ridgman Tom
- Robertson David L.
- Robinson Esther
- Robinson Trevor I.
- Robson Samuel C.
- Rooke Stefan
- Rowan Aileen
- Rowe Will
- Roy Sunando
- Rudder Steven
- Ruis Chris
- Rushton Steven
- Russell Matthew
- Saeed Kordo
- Saluja Tranprit
- Samaraweera Buddhini
- Sambles Christine M.
- Samtani Vijay
- Samworth Richard
- Sang Fei
- Sato Aris
- Scarlett Garry P.
- Schaefer Ulf
- Scott Carol
- Scott Garren
- Searle Paul
- Shaaban Sharif
- Shah Divya
- Shah Rajiv N.
- Shankar Giri
- Shaw Ashley
- Sheldrake Zara
- Shepherd James G.
- Sheridan Linda
- Sheriff Nicola
- Shirley Lesley
- Signell Adrian W.
- Sillitoe John
- Silveira Siona
- Simpson David A.
- Sing Robert
- Singer Joshua B.
- Sivaprakasam Venkat
- Siveroni Igor
- Sloan Tim J.
- Sluga Graciela
- Smith Colin P.
- Smith Darren
- Smith Kim S.
- Smith Louise
- Smith Nikki
- Smith Wendy
- Smollett Katherine L.
- Snell Luke B.
- Southgate Joel
- Spellman Karla
- Sridhar Sushmita
- Stanley Rachael
- Stanton Thomas D.
- Starinskij Igor
- Stark Richard
- Stockton Joanne
- Stonehouse Susanne
- Storey Nathaniel
- Studholme David J.
- Swindells Emma
- Symmonds Amanda
- Taha Yusri
- Tang Julian
- Taylor Ben E. W.
- Taylor Graham P.
- Taylor Peter
- Taylor Sarah
- Taylor-Joyce Grace
- Temperton Ben
- Templeton Kate E.
- The Cambridge Covid-19 testing Centre
- The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium
- Thompson Thomas
- Thomson Emma C.
- Thornton Alicia
- Thurston Scott A. J.
- Todd John A.
- Tolhurst Jonathan
- Tong Lily
- Tonkin-Hill Gerry
- Torok M. Estee
- Tovar-Corona Jaime M.
- Trebes Amy
- Trotter Alexander J.
- Tsoleridis Theocharis
- Tucker Rachel M.
- Turtle Lance
- Twohig Katherine A.
- Tynan Jo
- Underwood Anthony P.
- University of Cambridge Asymptomatic COVID-19 Screening Programm
- Unnikrishnan Meera
- Valletta Sally
- Vamos Edith E.
- Vasylyeva Tetyana I.
- Vattipally Sreenu
- Vernet Gabrielle
- Vignoles Anna
- Vinnell Martin
- Vipond Ian B.
- Volz Erik M.
- Waddell Ian
- Walsh Sarah
- Wang Dennis
- Wantoch Michelle
- Warne Ben
- Warwick-Dugdale Joanna
- Wastenge Elizabeth
- Watkins Emmeline
- Watkins Joanne
- Watts Joanne
- Waugh Sheila
- Weale Gillian
- Webster Hermione J.
- Weekes Michael P.
- Weldon Danni
- Westhorpe Adam P.
- White Phil
- Whitehead Mark
- Whiteley Max
- Whitwham Andrew
- Wierzbicki Claudia
- Williams Charlotte A.
- Williams Chris
- Williams David
- Williams Lesley-Anne
- Williams Rachel J.
- Williams Rebecca
- Williams Thomas
- Williamson Kathleen A.
- Williman Jack
- Willingham Iona
- Wills Mark
- Wilson Harry D.
- Wilson Karl
- Wilson Rebekah E.
- Wilson-Davies Eleri
- Winster Jennifer
- Wise Emma
- Witele Eric
- Workman Chris
- Workman Trudy
- Wright Elizabeth
- Wright Elizabeth
- Wright Giles
- Wright Jo
- Wright Victoria
- Wyatt Tim
- Wyles Matthew
- Wyllie Sarah
- Xu-McCrae Li
- Yeats Corin A.
- Yew Wen Chyin
- Young Greg
- Young Jamie
- Zamudio Marina Escalera
- Zarebski Alex E.
- Zhang Peijun
- Publication venue
- Nature Communications
- Publication date
- 08/02/2022
- Field of study
AbstractUnderstanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission in higher education settings is important to limit spread between students, and into at-risk populations. In this study, we sequenced 482 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the University of Cambridge from 5 October to 6 December 2020. We perform a detailed phylogenetic comparison with 972 isolates from the surrounding community, complemented with epidemiological and contact tracing data, to determine transmission dynamics. We observe limited viral introductions into the university; the majority of student cases were linked to a single genetic cluster, likely following social gatherings at a venue outside the university. We identify considerable onward transmission associated with student accommodation and courses; this was effectively contained using local infection control measures and following a national lockdown. Transmission clusters were largely segregated within the university or the community. Our study highlights key determinants of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and effective interventions in a higher education setting that will inform public health policy during pandemics.</jats:p
Changes in symptomatology, reinfection, and transmissibility associated with the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: an ecological study
- Author
- Aanensen David M
- Abudahab Khalil
- Acheson Erwan
- Adams Alexander
- Adams Helen
- Afifi Safiah
- Aggarwal Dinesh
- Ahmad Shazaad S Y
- Aigrain Louise
- Alam Mohammad T.
- Alcolea-Medina Adela
- Alderton Alex
- Alikhan Nabil-Fareed
- Allara Elias
- Amato Roberto
- Andersson Monique
- Angyal Adrienn
- Antonelli Michela
- Aranday-Cortes Elihu
- Ariani Cristina V
- Asad Hibo
- Asamaphan Patawee
- Ash Amy
- Ashcroft Fiona
- Atkinson Laura
- Attwood Stephen W
- Auckland Cressida
- Awan Ali R
- Aydin Alp
- Baker David J
- Baker Paul
- Balcazar Carlos E
- Ball Jonathan
- Barrett Jeff
- Barton Edward
- Bashton Matthew
- Bassett Andrew R
- Batra Rahul
- Baxter Laura
- Bayzid Nadua
- Beale Mathew A
- Beaver Charlotte
- Beckett Angela H
- Bedford Luke
- Beer Robert
- Beggs Andrew
- Bellis Katherine L
- Berry Lisa
- Berry Louise
- Best Angus
- Betancor Gilberto
- Betteridge Emma
- Bewshea Claire M
- Bibby David
- Bicknell Kelly
- Birchley Alec
- Bird Paul
- Bishop Chloe
- Blacow Rachel
- Blakey Victoria
- Blane Beth
- Bolt Frances
- Bonfield James
- Bonner Stephen
- Bonsall David
- Boswell Tim
- Bosworth Andrew
- Bourgeois Yann
- Boyd Olivia
- BoYes John
- Bradley Amanda
- Bradley Declan T
- Bradshaw Daniel
- Breen Cassie
- Bresner Catherine
- Breuer Judith
- Bridgewater Hannah E.
- Bronner Iraad F
- Brooks Ellena
- Broos Alice
- Brown Julianne Rose
- Brown Paul E
- Brown Rebecca
- Bucca Giselda
- Buck David
- Bull Matthew
- Burton-Fanning Shirelle
- Campbell Sharon
- Canas Liane S
- Capdevila Joan
- Carabelli Alessandro M
- Carden Holli
- Carlile Matthew
- Carmichael Stephen N
- Casey Anna
- Cerda Alberto C
- Chalker Vicki
- Chan Andrew T
- Chand Meera
- Chapman Michael R
- Chappell Joseph G
- Charalampous Themoula
- Chatterton Wendy
- Chaudhry Yasmin
- Chauhan Anoop J
- Cheng Jeffrey K.J.
- Churcher Carol M
- Clark Gemma
- Cogger Benjamin J
- Coll Francesc
- Collins Jennifer
- Connor Thomas R
- Constantinidou Chrystala
- Cook Kate
- Coombes Jason
- Corden Sally
- Cormie Claire
- Cortes Nick
- Cotic Marius
- Cottrell Simon
- Coupland Lindsay
- Cowell Angela
- Cox Alison
- Craine Noel
- Crawford Liam
- Cronin Michelle
- Crook Derrick
- Cumley Nicola
- Curran Martin D
- Curran Tanya
- da Silva Filipe Ana
- Dabrera Gavin
- Dadrah Ashok
- Danesh John
- Darby Alistair C
- Davidson Rose K
- Davies Alisha
- Davies Robert
- Davis Thomas
- de Cesare Mariateresa
- De Lacy Elen
- de Oliveira Martins Leonardo
- de Silva Thushan I
- Debebe Johnny
- Dent Hannah
- Dervisevic Samir
- Dewar Rebecca
- Dias Joana
- Dorman Matthew J
- Downing Fatima
- Drew David A
- Drury Eleanor
- du Plessis Louis
- Duckworth Nichola
- Durham Jillian
- Eccles Richard
- Edgeworth Jonathan
- Edwards Sue
- Eldirdiri Sahar
- Ellaby Nicholas
- Ellard Sian
- Elliott Scott
- Eltringham Gary
- Ensell Leah
- Escalera Zamudio Marina
- Essex Sarah
- Evans Cariad
- Evans Johnathan M
- Eyre David
- Fairley Derek J
- Fallon Karlie
- Farbos Audrey
- Farr Ben W
- Fearn Christopher
- Fenton Melisa Louise
- Fina Laia
- Fisher Chloe L
- Flaviani Flavia
- Fleming Vicki M
- Forrest Sally
- Foulser Luke
- Francois Sarah
- Fraser Christophe
- Freeman Timothy M
- Frost Lucy R.
- Fuller William
- Galai Katerina
- Gallagher Eileen
- Gallagher Michael D
- Gallis Marta
- Gaskin Amy
- Gatica-Wilcox Bree
- Geidelberg Lily
- Gemmell Matthew
- Georgana Iliana
- George Ryan P
- Gifford Laura
- Gilbert Lauren
- Gill Harmeet K
- Girgis Sophia T
- Glaysher Sharon
- Golubchik Tanya
- Goncalves Sonia
- Goodfellow Ian G
- Goodwin Scott
- Goudarzi Salman
- Gourtovaia Marina
- Graham Clive
- Graham Lee
- Graham Mark S
- Grammatopoulos Dimitris
- Green Angie
- Green Luke R
- Greenaway Jane
- Gregory Richard
- Groves Danielle C
- Groves Natalie
- Guest Martyn
- Gulliver Huw
- Gunson Rory N
- Gupta Ravi Kumar
- Gutierrez Bernardo
- Hadjirin Nazreen F
- Haldenby Sam T
- Hale Antony D
- Hall Grant
- Halstead Fenella
- Hamilton William L
- Hammers Alexander
- Haque Tanzina
- Harper Katherine L
- Harris Kathryn Ann
- Harrison Ewan M
- Harrison Ian
- Harrison James W
- Hart Jennifer
- Hartley John A
- Hartman Hassan
- Hassan-Ibrahim Mohammed O
- Heaney Judith
- Helmer Thomas
- Hesketh Andrew R
- Heyburn David
- Higginson Ellen E
- Hill Verity
- Hilvers Ember
- Hiscox Julian A
- Hogsden Wendy
- Holden Matthew T.G.
- Holmes Alison
- Holmes Christopher
- Holmes Nadine
- Hopes Richard
- Hosmillo Myra
- Howe Robin
- Howson-Wells Hannah C
- Hu Christina
- Hubb Jonathan
- Hughes Joseph
- Hughes Margaret
- Hutchings Stephanie
- Illingworth Chris J
- Impey Robert
- Irish-Tavares Dianne
- Iturriza-Gomara Miren
- Jackson Chris
- Jackson David K
- Jackson Kathryn A
- Jahun Aminu S
- James Keith
- Jamrozy Dorota
- Jannoo Riaz
- Jeffries Aaron R
- Jeremiah Sarah
- Jesudason Natasha G
- John Michaela
- Johnson Kate
- Johnson Natasha
- Johnson Rob
- Johnston Ian
- Jones Carl
- Jones Christopher R
- Jones Hannah
- Jones Katie
- Jones Rachel
- Jones Sophie
- Jorgensen David
- Joseph Amelia
- Justice Anita
- Kane Leanne
- Karamani Angeliki
- Kay Gemma L
- Kay Sally
- Keatley Jon-Paul
- Keeley Alexander J
- Kenyon Anita
- Kermack Leanne M
- Khakh Manjinder
- Kidd Stephen
- Kitchen Christine
- Kläser Kerstin
- Knight Bridget A
- Koshy Cherian
- Kraemer Moritz UG
- Kristiansen Mark
- Kumziene-SummerhaYes Sara
- Kwiatkowski Dominic
- Lackenby Angie
- Langford Cordelia F
- Lawniczak Mara
- Le-Viet Thanh
- Ledesma Juan
- Lee David
- Lee Jack CD
- Leek Danielle
- Lensing Stefanie V
- Leonard Steven
- Letchford Laura
- Levene Nick
- Levett Lisa J
- Lewis Kevin
- Li Kathy K
- Liddle Jennifier
- Liggett Steven
- Lindsey Benjamin B
- Lister Michelle M
- Livett Rich
- Lloyd Allyson
- Lo Stephanie
- Loman Nicholas J
- Loose Matthew W
- Louka Stavroula F
- Loveson Katie F
- Lowe Hannah
- Lowe Helen L
- Lucaci Anita O
- Ludden Catherine
- Lynch Jessica
- Lyons Ronan A
- Macfarlane-Smith Louissa R
- Machin Nicholas W
- MacIntyre-Cockett George
- Maclean Alasdair
- Madona Pinglawathee
- Maes Mailis
- Mahanama Adhyana I.K
- Mahungu Tabitha W
- Mair Daniel
- Maksimovic Joshua
- Makunin Alex
- Malone Cassandra S
- Manesis Nikos
- Manley Robin
- Manso Carmen
- Marchbank Angela
- Martincorena Inigo
- Martinez Nunez Rocio T
- Masoli Jane AH
- Mason Jenifer
- Mather Alison E
- May Anna
- Mayhew Megan
- Mbisa Tamyo
- McCann Clare
- McCarthy Shane
- McCluggage Kathryn
- McClure Patrick C
- McGuigan Samantha
- McHugh Martin P
- McKenna James P
- McKerr Caoimhe
- McManus Georgina M
- McMurray Claire
- McNally Alan
- Meader Emma J
- Meadows Lizzie
- Megram Oliver
- Menegazzo Mirko
- Merrick Ian
- Merrill Tammy V
- Miah Shahjahan
- Michell Stephen L
- Michelsen Michelle L
- Mirza Jeremy
- Modat Marc
- Moles-Garcia Emma
- Moll Robin J
- Mollett Guy
- Molnar Zoltan
- Molteni Erika
- Monaghan Lynn
- Mookerjee Siddharth
- Moore Catherine
- Moore Christopher
- Moore Jonathan
- Moore Nathan
- Morgan Mari
- Morgan Sian
- Mori Matilde
- Moses Samuel
- Muir Peter
- Munn Robert
- Murray Benjamin
- Myers Richard
- Nascimento Fabricia F.
- Nebbia Gaia
- Nelson Andrew
- Nelson Charlotte
- Nelson Rachel
- Nguyen Long H
- Nicholls Sam
- Nichols Jenna
- Nickbakhsh Seema
- Niebel Marc O
- Nomikou Kyriaki
- O'Brien Sarah
- O'Grady Justin
- O'Toole Elaine
- O'Toole Áine
- Oliver Karen
- Orton Richard J
- Osman Husam
- Ott Sascha
- Ourselin Sebastien
- Pacchiarini Nicole
- Padgett Debra
- Page Andrew J
- Palmer Sophie
- Palmer Steve
- Pandey Sarojini
- Park Naomi R
- Parker Matthew D
- Parmar Surendra
- Parsons Paul J
- Partridge David G
- Patel Amita
- Patel Minal
- Patel Vineet
- Paterson Steve
- Paul Hannah
- Payne Brendan AI
- Peacock Sharon J
- Pearson Clare
- Pelosi Emanuela
- Percival Benita
- Perry Malorie
- Peto Timothy
- Pinckert Malte L
- Platt Steven
- Plimmer Amy
- Polidori Lorenzo
- Poplawski Radoslaw
- Prestwood Liam
- Price Anna
- Price James
- Prieto Jacqui A
- Puethe Christoph
- Pusok Monika
- Pybus Oliver G
- Pymont Hannah M
- Quail Michael A
- Quick Joshua
- Raghwani Jayna
- Ragonnet-Cronin Manon
- Rainbow Lucille
- Rajan Diana
- Rajatileka Shavanthi
- Rambaut Andrew
- Ramsay Mary
- Randell Paul Anthony
- Ratcliffe Liz
- Raviprakash Veena
- Raza Mohammad
- Redshaw Nicholas M
- Rey Sara
- Reynolds Nicola
- Richter Alex
- Robertson David L
- Robinson Esther
- Robinson Trevor I
- Robson Samuel C
- Rooke Stefan
- Rowan Aileen
- Rowe Will
- Roy Sunando
- Rudder Steven
- Ruis Chris
- Rushton Steven
- Saeed Kordo
- Saluja Tranprit
- Samaraweera Buddhini
- Sambles Christine M
- Sang Fei
- Scarlett Garry P
- Schaefer Ulf
- Scott Carol
- Scott Garren
- Selvachandran Somesh
- Shaaban Sharif
- Shah Divya
- Shah Rajiv N
- Shankar Giri
- Shepherd James G
- Sheriff Nicola
- Shirley Lesley
- Signell Adrian W
- Sillitoe John
- Silveira Siona
- Simpson David A
- Singer Joshua B
- Sivaprakasam Venkat
- Siveroni Igor
- Sloan Tim J
- Sluga Graciela
- Smith Colin P
- Smith Darren
- Smith Kim S
- Smith Louise
- Smith Nikki
- Smith Wendy
- Smollett Katherine L
- Snell Luke B
- Southgate Joel
- Spector Tim D
- Spellman Karla
- Spencer Chapman Michael H
- Sridhar Sushmita
- Stanley Rachael
- Stanton Thomas D
- Starinskij Igor
- Stark Richard
- Steves Claire J
- Stockton Joanne
- Stonehouse Susanne
- Storey Nathaniel
- Studholme David J
- Sudre Carole H
- Swindells Emma
- Symmonds Amanda
- Taha Yusri
- Tang Julian
- Taylor Ben EW
- Taylor Graham P
- Taylor Sarah
- Taylor-Joyce Grace
- Temperton Ben
- Templeton Kate E
- Thompson Thomas
- Thomson Emma C
- Thornton Alicia
- Thurston Scott AJ
- Todd John A
- Tong Lily
- Tonkin-Hill Gerry
- Torok M. Estee
- Tovar-Corona Jaime M
- Trebes Amy
- Trotter Alexander J
- Tsoleridis Theocharis
- Tucker Rachel M
- Turtle Lance
- Twohig Katherine A
- Underwood Anthony P
- Unnikrishnan Meera
- Vamos Edith E
- Varsavsky Thomas
- Vasylyeva Tetyana I
- Vattipally Sreenu
- Vernet Gabrielle
- Vipond Ian B
- Volz Erik M
- Walsh Sarah
- Wang Dennis
- Wantoch Michelle
- Warne Ben
- Warwick-Dugdale Joanna
- Wastenge Elizabeth
- Watkins Joanne
- Watts Joanne
- Waugh Sheila
- Webster Hermione J
- Weldon Danni
- Westhorpe Adam P
- Whitehead Mark
- Whiteley Max
- Whitwham Andrew
- Wierzbicki Claudia
- Williams Charlotte A
- Williams Chris
- Williams David
- Williams Lesley-Anne
- Williams Rachel J
- Williams Rebecca
- Williams Thomas
- Williamson Kathleen A
- Willingham Iona
- Wilson Harry D
- Wilson Rebekah E
- Wilson-Davies Eleri
- Wise Emma
- Witele Eric
- Wolf Jonathan
- Workman Trudy
- Wright Victoria
- Wyatt Tim
- Wyles Matthew
- Wyllie Sarah
- Xu-McCrae Li
- Yeats Corin A
- Yew Wen C
- Young Greg
- Young Jamie
- Zarebski Alex E
- Zhang Peijun
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/05/2021
- Field of study
Background
The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 was first identified in December, 2020, in England. We aimed to investigate whether increases in the proportion of infections with this variant are associated with differences in symptoms or disease course, reinfection rates, or transmissibility.
Methods
We did an ecological study to examine the association between the regional proportion of infections with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant and reported symptoms, disease course, rates of reinfection, and transmissibility. Data on types and duration of symptoms were obtained from longitudinal reports from users of the COVID Symptom Study app who reported a positive test for COVID-19 between Sept 28 and Dec 27, 2020 (during which the prevalence of B.1.1.7 increased most notably in parts of the UK). From this dataset, we also estimated the frequency of possible reinfection, defined as the presence of two reported positive tests separated by more than 90 days with a period of reporting no symptoms for more than 7 days before the second positive test. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections with the B.1.1.7 variant across the UK was estimated with use of genomic data from the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium and data from Public Health England on spike-gene target failure (a non-specific indicator of the B.1.1.7 variant) in community cases in England. We used linear regression to examine the association between reported symptoms and proportion of B.1.1.7. We assessed the Spearman correlation between the proportion of B.1.1.7 cases and number of reinfections over time, and between the number of positive tests and reinfections. We estimated incidence for B.1.1.7 and previous variants, and compared the effective reproduction number, Rt, for the two incidence estimates.
Findings
From Sept 28 to Dec 27, 2020, positive COVID-19 tests were reported by 36 920 COVID Symptom Study app users whose region was known and who reported as healthy on app sign-up. We found no changes in reported symptoms or disease duration associated with B.1.1.7. For the same period, possible reinfections were identified in 249 (0·7% [95% CI 0·6–0·8]) of 36 509 app users who reported a positive swab test before Oct 1, 2020, but there was no evidence that the frequency of reinfections was higher for the B.1.1.7 variant than for pre-existing variants. Reinfection occurrences were more positively correlated with the overall regional rise in cases (Spearman correlation 0·56–0·69 for South East, London, and East of England) than with the regional increase in the proportion of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant (Spearman correlation 0·38–0·56 in the same regions), suggesting B.1.1.7 does not substantially alter the risk of reinfection. We found a multiplicative increase in the Rt of B.1.1.7 by a factor of 1·35 (95% CI 1·02–1·69) relative to pre-existing variants. However, Rt fell below 1 during regional and national lockdowns, even in regions with high proportions of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant.
Interpretation
The lack of change in symptoms identified in this study indicates that existing testing and surveillance infrastructure do not need to change specifically for the B.1.1.7 variant. In addition, given that there was no apparent increase in the reinfection rate, vaccines are likely to remain effective against the B.1.1.7 variant.
Funding
Zoe Global, Department of Health (UK), Wellcome Trust, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health Research (UK), Medical Research Council (UK), Alzheimer's Society
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