Le Corbusier and Ariadne

[EN] From a letter dated 1913 to W. Ritter in which he described the “erotic obsession” which had caused him to depict the statue of the Sleeping Ariadne in the gardens of Versailles as a scantily-clad odalisque in the painting entitled “La Versailles du Grand Turc”, up to his last graphic project of 1964 entitled “Nassaince du Minotaure II”, the “private mythology” of Le Corbusier’s works was dominated by Minoan-Cretan mythology, to the point that the bull symbol became the unifying principle of his entire pictorial, plastic and architectural work. Dozens of Le Corbusier’s architectural projects include the theme of the labyrinth. The “main ouverte” and Ariadne - la Licorne were intended to “join up” from afar Chandigarh with the Bhakra dam. For the dam Le Corbusier designed architectural elements and he planned to install a copy of the “Ariadne” sculpture, similar in size to the “open hand” at Chandigarh. The Chandigarh-Bhakra complex – the planned city and the hydroelectric infrastructure – was the realization of the global post-war reconstruction plan, an approach devised by Le Corbusier together with the UN’s CIAM, based on the model of the TVA, the New-Deal Federal Agency, which had planned the development of the most backward area in the States starting from hydropower generation. The story is encrypted on the back of the tabernacle at Ronchamp.[FR] Depuis une lettre envoyée à W. Ritter dâtée 1913, dans laquelle il décrit «l’obsession érotique» qui l’a poussé à représenter l’image de l’Ariane endormie dans les jardins de Versailles comme une odalisque nue dans le tableau intitulé “La Versailles du Grand Turc”, jusqu’à son dernier projet graphique de 1964 intitulé «Nassaince du Minotaure II», la «mythologie privée» des oeuvres de Le Corbusier était dominée par la mythologie mino-crétoise, au point que le symbole du taureau est devenu le principe unificateur de toute son oeuvre picturale, plastique et architecturale. Des dizaines de projets architecturaux de Le Corbusier incluent le thème du labyrinthe. La «main ouverte» et Ariadne - la Licorne étaient destinées à joindre Chandigarh avec le barrage de Bhakra dans la distance. Pour le barrage, Le Corbusier a conçu des éléments architecturaux et a prévu d’installer une copie de la sculpture «Ariane», de taille similaire à la «main ouverte» de Chandigarh. Le complexe Chandigarh-Bhakra - la ville planifiée et l'infrasture hydroélectrique - était la réalisation du plan mondial de reconstruction d’après-guerre, une approche conçue par Le Corbusier, en collaboration avec le CIAM de l’ONU, sur le modèle de la TVA, l’Agence fédérale du New-Deal, qui avait prévu le développement de la zone plus en retard des États-Unis en matière de production d’énergie hydroélectrique. L’histoire estencodée à l’arrière du tabernacle de Ronchamp.[ES] De una carta de fecha 1913 a W. Ritter en el que describía la “obsesión erótica”, que le había hecho representar la imagen de la Ariadna dormiente en los jardines de Versalles como una odalisca desnuda en el cuadro titulado La Versalles du Grand Turc, hasta su último proyecto gráfico de 1964 titulado "Naissance du Minotaure II”, la “mitología privada” de las obras de Le Corbusier fue dominado por la mitología minoico-cretense, hasta el punto de que el símbolo del toro se convirtió en el principio unificador de toda su obra pictórica, plástica y arquitectónica. Decenas de proyectos de arquitectura de Le Corbusier incluyen el tema del laberinto. La “main ouverte” y Ariadna - la Licorne estaban destinadas a unirse de lejos Chandigarh con la presa de Bhakra. Para la presa Le Corbusier diseñó elementos arquitectónicos y que planeaba instalar una copia de la escultura “Ariadna”, similar en tamaño a la “mano abierta” en Chandigarh. El complejo de Chandigarh-Bhakra- la ciudad planificada y la infraestructura hidroeléctrica - fue la realización el plan mundial de la reconstrucció posguerra, un enfoque ideado por Le Corbusier, junto con el CIAM de la ONU, basado en el modelo de la TVA, el New-Deal Agencia Federal, que había planeado el desarrollo de la zona más atrasada de los Estados Unidos a partir de la generación de energía hidroeléctrica. La historia está cifrada en la parte posterior del tabernáculo en Ronchamp.Fonti, A. (2020). Le Corbusier and Ariadne. LC. Revue de recherches sur Le Corbusier. 1(2):28-41. https://doi.org/10.4995/lc.2020.14336OJS284112Calasso, Roberto. Le nozze di Cadmo e Armonia. Milán: Adelphi (2005).Casali, Valerio. "Le Corbusier, Josephine Baker e il Music-Hall". Massilia (2004).Coll, Jaime. "Le Corbusier. Taureaux: an Analysis of the Thinking Process in the Last Series of Le Corbusier's Plastic Work". Art History, vol. 18, nº 4 (Diciembre 1995). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8365.1995.tb00642.xCocteau, Jean. "Le secret professionnel". Poésie critique, vol. 1 (1959).Gide, André. Theésée. Paris: Gallimard, 1947; Edición italiana: Thésée. Bari: Palomar, 1996.Kerényi, Karl. Labyrinth-Studien. Zurich: Rhein-Verlag, 1950 ; Edición italiana: Nel labirinto. Turín: Boringhieri, 1983.Kerenyi, Karl. Dionysos. Urbild des unzerstörbaren Lebens. München-Wien: Langen-Müller, 1976; Edición italiana: Dioniso. Milán: Adelphi, 1992, passim.Kustrup, Mogens. "La peinture du silence". Massilia (2005).Jencks, Charles. Le Corbusier and the Continual Revolution in Architecture. Nueva York: Monacelli Press, 2000; Edición italiana: Le Corbusier e la rivoluzione continua in architettura. Milán: Jaka Book, 2002.Le Corbusier. Poème de l'Angle Droit. París: Éditions Tériade, 1955.Jornod, Naima, Jean-Pierre Jornod. Le Corbusier. Catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint, vol. II. Milan: Skira, 2005.Le Corbusier. "En Grèce, à l'échelle humaine". Le voyage en Gréce (1939).Le Corbusier. Poésie sur Alger. París: Éditions Falaize, 1950.Le Corbusier. Textes et dessins pour Ronchamp. París: Éditions Forces Vives, 1965.Nietzsche, Friederich. Ecce Homo. Leipzig: Insel Verlag, 1908; Edición italiana Ecce Homo. Milán: Adelphi, 16th ed., 2012.Sanchez-Pombo, Marina. "La arquitectura de los fluidos. Le Corbusier y los ríos", Massilia (2004),Schuré, Edouard. Le Grands Initiés. Esquisse de l'histoire secrète des religions. París: Perrin et Cie, 1889, passim.Stirling, James. "Ronchamp; Le Corbusier's Chapel and the Cri-sis of Rationalism". Architectural Review nº 119 (Marzo 1956)

Le Corbusier and Ariadne

[EN] From a letter dated 1913 to W. Ritter in which he described the “erotic obsession” which had caused him to depict the statue of the Sleeping Ariadne in the gardens of Versailles as a scantily-clad odalisque in the painting entitled La Versailles du Grand Turc, up to his last graphic project of 1964 entitled “Nassaince du Minotaure II”, the “private mythology” of Le Corbusier’s works was dominated by Minoan-Cretan mythology, to the point that the bull symbol became the unifying principle of his entire pictorial, plastic and architectural work. Dozens of Le Corbusier’s architectural projects include the theme of the labyrinth. The “main ouverte” and Ariadne - la Licorne were intended to “join up” from afar Chandigarh with the Bhakra dam. For the dam Le Corbusier designed architectural elements and he planned to install a copy of the “Ariadne” sculpture, similar in size to the “open hand” at Chandigarh. The Chandigarh-Bhakra complex – the planned city and the hydroelectric infrastructure – was the realization of the global post-war reconstruction plan, an approach devised by Le Corbusier together with the UN’s CIAM, based on the model of the TVA, the New-Deal Federal Agency, which had planned the development of the most backward area in the States starting from hydropower generation. The story is encrypted on the back of the tabernacle at Ronchamp[ES] De una carta de fecha 1913 a W. Ritter en el que describía la "obsesión erótica", que le había hecho representar la imagen de la Ariadna dormiente en los jardines de Versalles como una odalisca desnuda en el cuadro titulado La Versalles du Grand Turc, hasta su último proyecto gráfico de 1964 titulado "Nassaince du Minotaure II", la "mitología privada" de las obras de Le Corbusier fue dominado por la mitología minoico-cretense, hasta el punto de que el símbolo del toro se convirtió en el principio unificador de toda su obra pictórica, plástica y arquitectónica. Decenas de proyectos de arquitectura de Le Corbusier incluyen el tema del laberinto. La “main ouverte” y Ariadna - la Licorne estaban destinadas a unirse de lejos Chandigarh con la presa de Bhakra. Para la presa Le Corbusier diseñó elementos arquitectónicos y que planeaba instalar una copia de la escultura "Ariadna", similar en tamaño a la "mano abierta" en Chandigarh. El complejo de ChandigarhBhakra - la ciudad planificada y la infraestructura hidroeléctrica - fue la realización del plan mundial de la reconstrucció posguerra, un enfoque ideado por Le Corbusier, junto con el CIAM de la ONU, basado en el modelo de la TVA, el New-Deal Agencia Federal, que había planeado el desarrollo de la zona más atrasada de los Estados Unidos a partir de la generación de energía hidroeléctrica. La historia está cifrada en la parte posterior del tabernáculo en Ronchamp.Fonti, A. (2016). Le Corbusier and Ariadne. En LE CORBUSIER. 50 AÑOS DESPUÉS. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 738-755. https://doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.957OCS73875

Cancerogenic parasites in veterinary medicine: a narrative literature review

Parasite infection is one of the many environmental factors that can significantly contribute to carcinogenesis and is already known to be associated with a variety of malignancies in both human and veterinary medicine. However, the actual number of cancerogenic parasites and their relationship to tumor development is far from being fully understood, especially in veterinary medicine. Thus, the aim of this review is to investigate parasite-related cancers in domestic and wild animals and their burden in veterinary oncology. Spontaneous neoplasia with ascertained or putative parasite etiology in domestic and wild animals will be reviewed, and the multifarious mechanisms of protozoan and metazoan cancer induction will be discussed

Low Order Grey-box Models for Short-term Thermal Behavior Prediction in Buildings

Abstract Low order grey-box models are suitable to be used in predictive controls. In real buildings in which the measured quantities are few the reliability of these models is crucial for the control performance. In this paper an identification procedure is analyzed to investigate the accuracy of different order grey-box models for short-term thermal behavior prediction in a real building, part of a living smart district. The building has a low number of zones and a single indoor temperature measuring point. The models are identified on the data acquired in 31 days during the winter 2015. The second order model shows the best performance with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) less than 0.5°C for a prediction horizon of 1-hour and a RMSE less than 1 °C for a prediction horizon of 3-hours

Unenriched xylem water contribution during cellulose synthesis influenced by atmospheric demand governs the intra‐annual tree‐ring δ18O signature

- The oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) of tree-ring cellulose is used to evaluate tree physiological responses to climate, but their interpretation is still limited due to the complexity of the isotope fractionation pathways. - We assessed the relative contribution of seasonal needle and xylem water δ18O variations to the intra-annual tree-ring cellulose δ18O signature of larch trees at two sites with contrasting soil water availability in the Swiss Alps. We combined biweekly δ18O measurements of soil water, needle water, and twig xylem water with intra-annual δ18O measurements of tree-ring cellulose, xylogenesis analysis, and mechanistic and structural equation modeling. - Intra-annual cellulose δ18O values resembled source water δ18O mean levels better than needle water δ18O. Large parts of the rings were formed under high proportional exchange with unenriched xylem water (pex). Maximum pex values were achieved in August and imprinted on sections at 50–75% of the ring. High pex values were associated with periods of high atmospheric evaporative demand (VPD). While VPD governed needle water δ18O variability, we estimated a limited Péclet effect at both sites. - Due to a variable pex, source water has a strong influence over large parts of the intra-annual tree-ring cellulose δ18O variations, potentially masking signals coming from needle-level processes

Liposomal doxorubicin supercharge-containing front-line treatment in patients with advanced-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or classical Hodgkin lymphoma: Preliminary results of a single-centre phase II study

We evaluated the impact of liposomal doxorubicin (NPLD) supercharge-containing therapy on interim fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (interim-FDG-PET) responses in high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or classical Hodgkin lymphoma (c-HL). In this phase II study (2016-2021), 81 adult patients with advanced-stage DLBCL (n = 53) and c-HL (n = 28) received front-line treatment with R-COMP-dose-intensified (DI) and MBVD-DI. R-COMP-DI consisted of 70 mg/m2 of NPLD plus standard rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone for three cycles (followed by three cycles with NPLD de-escalated at 50 mg/m2 ); MBVD-DI consisted of 35 mg/m2 of NPLD plus standard bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine for two cycles (followed by four cycles with NPLD de-escalated at 25 mg/m2 ). Patients underwent R-COMP-DI and MBVD-DI with a median dose intensity of 91% and 94% respectively. At interim-FDG-PET, 72/81 patients (one failed to undergo interim-FDG-PET due to early death) had a Deauville score of ≤3. At end of treatment, 90% of patients reached complete responses. In all, 20 patients had Grade ≥3 adverse events, and four of them required hospitalisation. At a median 21-months of follow-up, the progression-free survival of the entire population was 77.3% (95% confidence interval 68%-88%). Our data suggest that the NPLD supercharge-driven strategy in high-risk DLBCL/c-HL may be a promising option to test in phase III trials, for improving negative interim-FDG-PET cases incidence

Potential Role of Cytochrome c and Tryptase in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Pathogenesis: Focus on Resistance to Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress

Psoriasis (PsO) is an autoimmune disease characterized by keratinocyte proliferation, chronic inflammation and mast cell activation. Up to 42% of patients with PsO may present psoriatic arthritis (PsA). PsO and PsA share common pathophysiological mechanisms: keratinocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes are resistant to apoptosis: this is one of the mechanism facilitating their hyperplasic growth, and at joint level, the destruction of articular cartilage, and bone erosion and/or proliferation. Several clinical studies regarding diseases characterized by impairment of cell death, either due to apoptosis or necrosis, reported cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the extracellular space and finally into the circulation. The presence of elevated cytochrome c levels in serum has been demonstrated in diseases as inflammatory arthritis, myocardial infarction and stroke, and liver diseases. Cytochrome c is a signaling molecule essential for apoptotic cell death released from mitochondria to the cytosol allowing the interaction with protease, as the apoptosis protease activation factor, which lead to the activation of factor-1 and procaspase 9. It has been demonstrated that this efflux from the mitochondria is crucial to start the intracellular signaling responsible for apoptosis, then to the activation of the inflammatory process. Another inflammatory marker, the tryptase, a trypsin-like serine protease produced by mast cells, is released during inflammation, leading to the activation of several immune cells through proteinase-activated receptor-2. In this review, we aimed at discussing the role played by cytochrome c and tryptase in PsO and PsA pathogenesis. To this purpose, we searched pathogenetic mechanisms in PUBMED database and review on oxidative stress, cytochrome c and tryptase and their potential role during inflammation in PsO and PsA. To this regard, the cytochrome c release into the extracellular space and tryptase may have a role in skin and joint inflammation

Low in‑hospital mortality rate in patients with COVID‑19 receiving thromboprophylaxis: data from the multicentre observational START‑COVID Register

Abstract COVID-19 infection causes respiratory pathology with severe interstitial pneumonia and extra-pulmonary complications; in particular, it may predispose to thromboembolic disease. The current guidelines recommend the use of thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19, however, the optimal heparin dosage treatment is not well-established. We conducted a multicentre, Italian, retrospective, observational study on COVID-19 patients admitted to ordinary wards, to describe clinical characteristic of patients at admission, bleeding and thrombotic events occurring during hospital stay. The strategies used for thromboprophylaxis and its role on patient outcome were, also, described. 1091 patients hospitalized were included in the START-COVID-19 Register. During hospital stay, 769 (70.7%) patients were treated with antithrombotic drugs: low molecular weight heparin (the great majority enoxaparin), fondaparinux, or unfractioned heparin. These patients were more frequently affected by comorbidities, such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, previous thromboembolism, neurological disease,and cancer with respect to patients who did not receive thromboprophylaxis. During hospital stay, 1.2% patients had a major bleeding event. All patients were treated with antithrombotic drugs; 5.4%, had venous thromboembolism [30.5% deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 66.1% pulmonary embolism (PE), and 3.4% patients had DVT + PE]. In our cohort the mortality rate was 18.3%. Heparin use was independently associated with survival in patients aged ≥ 59 years at multivariable analysis. We confirmed the high mortality rate of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients in ordinary wards. Treatment with antithrombotic drugs is significantly associated with a reduction of mortality rates especially in patients older than 59 years

The Gaia mission

Gaia is a cornerstone mission in the science programme of the EuropeanSpace Agency (ESA). The spacecraft construction was approved in 2006, following a study in which the original interferometric concept was changed to a direct-imaging approach. Both the spacecraft and the payload were built by European industry. The involvement of the scientific community focusses on data processing for which the international Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) was selected in 2007. Gaia was launched on 19 December 2013 and arrived at its operating point, the second Lagrange point of the Sun-Earth-Moon system, a few weeks later. The commissioning of the spacecraft and payload was completed on 19 July 2014. The nominal five-year mission started with four weeks of special, ecliptic-pole scanning and subsequently transferred into full-sky scanning mode. We recall the scientific goals of Gaia and give a description of the as-built spacecraft that is currently (mid-2016) being operated to achieve these goals. We pay special attention to the payload module, the performance of which is closely related to the scientific performance of the mission. We provide a summary of the commissioning activities and findings, followed by a description of the routine operational mode. We summarise scientific performance estimates on the basis of in-orbit operations. Several intermediate Gaia data releases are planned and the data can be retrieved from the Gaia Archive, which is available through the Gaia home page. http://www.cosmos.esa.int/gai

Modelling approaches to smart buildings and smart districts for the definition of demand side management strategies and data models. The ENEA "Smart Village" case study.

Il consumo energetico negli edifici rappresenta una sfida nel contesto della riduzione delle emissioni inquinanti ed in un più efficiente utilizzo dell’energia. Una risposta a questo problema è data dall’utilizzo di sistemi di Demand Side Management (DSM) i quali permettono di ottenere una riduzione dei consumi tramite un utilizzo sempre più spinto della tecnologia. I sistemi DSM necessitano di essere valutati durante la progettazione mediante tool di simulazione. Essi inoltre necessitano di modelli di simulazione e predizione quando i sistemi di controllo interessati sono controlli avanzati come controlli predittivi o controlli multi-livello. Nel caso di controlli multi-livello un’altra importante questione riguarda la corretta determinazione del data model ai fini dell’opportuna strutturazione del controllo. Nel presente lavoro l’oggetto di studio è uno “Smart Village” altamente sensorizzato localizzato a Roma e composto da uno smart building e uno smart district di 8 edifici. Ai fini della modellazione della domanda energetica dell’edificio e del distretto è stato sviluppato un simulatore in Simulink basato su HAMbase. Il simulatore dell’edificio è stato calibrato e validato su dati reali considerando come parametri di calibrazione i valori dei casual gain. I dati acquisiti coprono un periodo di 60 giorni durante l’inverno del 2013. La configurazione ottima del simulatore consente di ottenere un valore di MAPE dell’energia termica trasferita giornaliera minore del 6%. Successivamente viene riportato un sistema di supporto alle decisione basato sull’ottimizzazione multi-obiettivo a fronte di Pareto combinata con il simulatore dell’edificio. Questo sistema permette di dimostrare la potenzialità del modello nella definizione di politiche di DSM. Il simulatore dello smart district è stato poi derivato direttamente dal simulatore dell’edificio tramite riprogrammazione della s-function di HAMbase. Questo consente di avere istanze multiple del modello in uno stesso modello Simulink. Il simulatore del distretto viene utilizzato per introdurre nel contesto degli smart district il concetto di data model. In ultimo è stata analizzata l’accuratezza di modelli grey-box per la predizione a breve orizzonte predittivo del comportamento termico di edifici. Per questa analisi è stato condotto un processo di identificazione su un dataset reale acquisito durante l’anno 2015 e proveniente dai sensori installati su un singolo edificio dello smart district. L’identificazione mostra come i modelli a resistenza-capacità (RC) del secondo ordine costituiscano la migliore scelta in termini di accuratezza e complessità.Energy consumption in buildings represents a challenge in the context of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and in a more efficient use of energy. An answer to this issue is the use of Demand side Management (DSM) systems which, through an increase in the use of technology, allow for the reduction of energy consumption. DSM systems need to be assessed during the design process by simulation tools. Moreover, they need simulation and predictive models if the control systems involved are advanced controls such as predictive or multilevel controls. With regards to multilevel controls, another important issue is the correct choice of the data model to properly structure the control systems. In this study, a real high-sensored Smart Village located in Rome composed of a smart building and a smart district of 8 buildings is taken into account. A Simulink simulator based on HAMbase is developed in order to model the building and district energy demands. The building simulator is calibrated and validated on real data taking into account the casual gain values as calibration parameters. The data are acquired in a period of 60 days during the winter of 2013. The optimal simulator configuration permits to obtain a MAPE on the daily transferred thermal energy less than 6%. Afterwards, a decision support system based on Pareto front multi-objective optimization combined with the smart building simulator is reported to show the model potential towards the definition of DSM policies. The simulator of the smart district is then derived directly from the building simulator by reprogramming the HAMbase s-function. This allows for multiple model instances in the same Simulink model. The district simulator is used to introduce the concept of data model in the context of smart districts. Finally, the accuracy of the low order grey-box models for short-term thermal behavior prediction is analyzed. An identification procedure is carried out on a real dataset acquired during the year 2015 from the sensors installed in a single building of the smart district. The identification shows that the second order resistance-capacitance (RC) models are the best choice in terms of accuracy and complexity