Iniciativa Hospital Amigo del Niño: una política de promoción, protección y apoyo a la lactancia materna

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a literature review about the ten steps of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). METHODS: We sought documents and scientific papers published in the databases of PubMED, Medline, SciELO and LILACS. RESULTS: We initially identified 110 references about the BFHI, between the years of 1979 to 2009. Approximately 21% were published in the 1990s and 79% between 2000 and 2009; 10.8% were published in books and official documents of the Ministry of Health, Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization; and, 89.2% were in articles indexed in the consulted databases. Of these, 35 references were selected. The analyzed studies showed that changes in hospital practices according to the Ten Steps of BFHI increased the prevalence of breastfeeding. CONCLUSION: Through the studies analyzed, the BFHI showed effectiveness in increasing breastfeeding in many regions of the world, contributing to the reduction of infant morbidity and mortality.OBJETIVO: Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre los diez pasos de la Iniciativa Hospital Amigo del Niño (IHAN). MÉTODOS: Se buscó documentos y artículos científicos publicados en bases de datos PubMED, Medline, SciELO y LILACS. RESULTADOS: Fueron identificados inicialmente 110 referencias sobre la IHAN, entre los años de 1979 a 2009. Aproximadamente el 21% fueron publicadas en la década de 1990 y el 79% entre 2000 a 2009, siendo el 10,8% en libros y documentos oficiales del Ministerio de Salud, Organización Panamericana de la Salud y Organización Mundial de la Salud y el 89,2% en artículos indexados en las bases de datos consultadas. De éstos fueron seleccionadas 35 referencias. Los estudios analizados evidenciaron que los cambios en las prácticas hospitalarias de acuerdo con los Diez Pasos de la IHAN aumentaron la prevalencia de la lactancia materna. CONCLUSIÓN: Por medio de los estudios analizados la IHAN se ha mostrado efectiva en el aumento de la práctica del amamantamiento en muchas regiones del mundo, contribuyendo con la reducción de la morbimortalidad infantil.OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os dez passos da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança (IHAC). MÉTODOS: Buscou-se documentos e artigos científicos publicados em bases de dados PubMED, Medline, SciELO e LILACS. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas inicialmente 110 referências sobre a IHAC, entre os anos de 1979 a 2009. Aproximadamente 21% foram publicadas na década de 1990 e 79% entre 2000 a 2009, sendo 10,8% em livros e documentos oficiais do Ministério da Saúde, Organização Panamericana de Saúde e Organização Mundial da Saúde e 89,2% em artigos indexados nas bases de dados consultadas. Destes foram selecionadas 35 referências. Os estudos analisados evidenciaram que as mudanças nas práticas hospitalares de acordo com os Dez Passos da IHAC aumentaram a prevalência do aleitamento materno. CONCLUSÃO: Por meio dos estudos analisados a IHAC tem se mostrado efetiva no aumento da prática da amamentação em muitas regiões do mundo, contribuindo com a redução da morbi-mortalidade infantil.Hospital Maternidade Leonor Mendes de BarrosHospital Maternidade Leonor Mendes de Barros Banco de LeiteUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

Metodologia alternativa para o tratamento de efluentes de indústria de celulose kraft.

Procedures based on the reuse of solid residues and the surplus of process chemicals for the tertiary treatment process of the Riocell S.A.  (Guaíba, RS. - Brazil),  are described. The effluent samples were characterized in relation to their color and content of organ-halogenated compounds and then submitted to a conditioning step with the application of two different flocculants  using solid residues of process ("dreg", " grit", ashes) and active carbon as coadjuvants. An appreciable reduction of the color and content in organ-halogenated compounds was observed, as well as a  economy on costs with flocculants.São descritos procedimentos para o tratamento terciário dos efluentes da Indústria Riocell S.A. (Guaíba, RS), com base no reaproveitamento de resíduos sólidos e de excedentes de processo químico. As amostras de efluente foram caracterizadas em relacão a sua cor aparente e ao seu teor em organo-halogenados sendo após, submetidas a polimento com dois coagulantes/floculantes distintos, utilizando resíduos sólidos de processo ("dreg","grit", cinzas) e carvão ativo como coajuvantes. Uma apreciável redução na cor aparente e no teor de organo-halogenados dos efluentes finais foi observada, bem como uma  economia no gasto com coagulantes/floculantes

Antinociceptive and gastroprotective actions of ethanolic extract from Pluchea sagittalis (Lam.) Cabrera

AbstractEthnopharmacological relevancePluchea sagittalis, an herbaceous plant widely distributed in South America, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of digestive diseases and inflammation.Aim of the studyThis study was designed to investigate the antinociceptive and gastroprotective effects of the ethanolic extract (EE) of aerial parts from Pluchea sagittalis in rodents.Materials and methodsThe antinociceptive effects of EE was evaluated in mice after oral administration in chemical tests (acetic-acid, glutamate and formalin) or by biting behavior following intrathecal administration of cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in mice. Furthermore, rats were treated with EE and subsequently exposed to acute gastric lesions induced by 80% ethanol. Afterwards the gastric lesion extension and the mucus levels of gastric mucosa were measured.ResultsThe oral administration of EE showed a dose-dependent inhibition of acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions and glutamate-induced pain in mice, with ID50 values of 624.0 (523.0–746.0)mg/kg and 368.0 (216.0–628.0)mg/kg, respectively. In the formalin test, the EE also produced significant inhibition of the inflammatory phase, with an ID50 value of 411.0 (183.0–721.0) mg/kg; however, it was ineffective in the neurogenic phase caused by formalin. In addition, oral treatment with EE caused a significant inhibition of biting behavior induced by i.t. injection of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The antinociception caused by the EE (300mg/kg, p.o.) was not reversed by naloxone (1mg/kg, i.p.) when assessed in the acetic acid writhing test. The EE (300–1000mg/kg, p.o.) did not affect the motor coordination of animals in an open-field model. Oral treatment with the EE protected rats against gastric lesions induced by ethanol, with an ID50 value of 55.0 (46.6–64.9)mg/kg, and increased the mucus levels of gastric mucosa to levels found in the non-lesioned group.ConclusionsThe mechanism by which the extract produced antinociception still remains unclear, but this effect seems to be primarily related to the modulation or inhibition of the action of pro-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, these data support, at least in part, the ethnomedical use of Pluchea sagittalis

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Dementia in Latin America : paving the way towards a regional action plan

Regional challenges faced by Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACs) to fight dementia, such as heterogeneity, diversity, political instabilities, and socioeconomic disparities, can be addressed more effectively grounded in a collaborative setting based on the open exchange of knowledge. In this work, the Latin American and Caribbean Consortium on Dementia (LAC-CD) proposes an agenda for integration to deliver a Knowledge to Action Framework (KtAF). First, we summarize evidence-based strategies (epidemiology, genetics, biomarkers, clinical trials, nonpharmacological interventions, networking and translational research) and align them to current global strategies to translate regional knowledge into actions with transformative power. Then, by characterizing genetic isolates, admixture in populations, environmental factors, and barriers to effective interventions and mapping these to the above challenges, we provide the basic mosaics of knowledge that will pave the way towards a KtAF. We describe strategies supporting the knowledge creation stage that underpins the translational impact of KtAF

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The pseudorapidity (eta) and transverse-momentum (p(T)) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.5 is 5.31 +/- 0.18 and 6.46 +/- 0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15 <p(T) <20 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The evolution of the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles is also investigated as a function of event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe