Design of time division multiplexing/wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network system for high-capacity network

This paper presents the design of time division multiplexing-wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (TDM-WDM PON). In this design, the current TDM PON is incorporated with the proposed WDM-PON in order to design a high-capacity network with lower loss requirements. The design has been simulated using OptiSystem software. The upstream wavelength for WDM is between 1,530.334 to 1,542.142 nm while for TDM is 1,310 nm. The downstream wavelength for WDM is from 1,569.865 to 1,581.973 nm, while for TDM is 1,490 nm. Based on the result, it is found that the proposed network is capable to support up to 64 customers with a bit rate of 2.5 Gbps

Addition-Deletion Networks

We study structural properties of growing networks where both addition and deletion of nodes are possible. Our model network evolves via two independent processes. With rate r, a node is added to the system and this node links to a randomly selected existing node. With rate 1, a randomly selected node is deleted, and its parent node inherits the links of its immediate descendants. We show that the in-component size distribution decays algebraically, c_k ~ k^{-beta}, as k-->infty. The exponent beta=2+1/(r-1) varies continuously with the addition rate r. Structural properties of the network including the height distribution, the diameter of the network, the average distance between two nodes, and the fraction of dangling nodes are also obtained analytically. Interestingly, the deletion process leads to a giant hub, a single node with a macroscopic degree whereas all other nodes have a microscopic degree.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Management of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome: An Overview

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction is a complex and multifactorial disorder of oro-facial region. It is one of the most common disorders in maxillofacial region. The usual complain of the patients with this syndrome are pain in the area of the jaw and associated muscles, eating problem, chewing and locking of the jaw. It is more common in female than male. It's etiology is not yet well established. However it's successful management depends on identification and controlling of the etiological factors.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(3): 133-14

Stealth cranioplasty in symptomatic adult chiari 1 malformations: Experience at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

Background: The surgical management of symptomatic adult Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) with or without syringomyelia (SM) continues to be a dilemma considering the outcomes. Objectives: The study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes between stealth cranioplasty (SC) and one of the most commonly practiced standard procedures, posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (PFDD). Clinical outcomes between SC and another procedure posterior fossa decompression (PFD) were also compared. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out on 37 males and 16 females symptomatic adult CM1 patients, ranging from 18 to 47 years of age from June 2019 to May 2021. Clinical outcomes were assessed, compared, and analyzed in terms of changes in clinical symptoms and signs, chicago chiari outcome scale (CCOS) score, and occurrence of complications.  Results: Of the 53 patients, 23, 19 and 11 underwent SC, PFDD, and PFD, respectively. There were no significant post-operative changes in symptoms and signs among groups except changes in limb weakness between SC and PFDD (P=0.004). Considering average CCOS score, SC performed better only than PFDD (P=0.003), while category-wise SC was better than both PFDD (P=0.004) and PFD (P=0.010). Considering complications, the PFDD group had a significantly higher rate of complications than the SC group (P=0.001), while there was no significant difference in the rate of complications between the PFD and SC groups. Conclusion: SC was found to have better clinical outcomes than the PFDD and PFD groups as a technique. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 2023;16(1): 08-1

Stealth cranioplasty in symptomatic adult chiari 1 malformations: Experience at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

Background: The surgical management of symptomatic adult Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) with or without syringomyelia (SM) continues to be a dilemma considering the outcomes. Objectives: The study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes between stealth cranioplasty (SC) and one of the most commonly practiced standard procedures, posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (PFDD). Clinical outcomes between SC and another procedure posterior fossa decompression (PFD) were also compared. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out on 37 males and 16 females symptomatic adult CM1 patients, ranging from 18 to 47 years of age from June 2019 to May 2021. Clinical outcomes were assessed, compared, and analyzed in terms of changes in clinical symptoms and signs, chicago chiari outcome scale (CCOS) score, and occurrence of complications.  Results: Of the 53 patients, 23, 19 and 11 underwent SC, PFDD, and PFD, respectively. There were no significant post-operative changes in symptoms and signs among groups except changes in limb weakness between SC and PFDD (P=0.004). Considering average CCOS score, SC performed better only than PFDD (P=0.003), while category-wise SC was better than both PFDD (P=0.004) and PFD (P=0.010). Considering complications, the PFDD group had a significantly higher rate of complications than the SC group (P=0.001), while there was no significant difference in the rate of complications between the PFD and SC groups. Conclusion: SC was found to have better clinical outcomes than the PFDD and PFD groups as a technique. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 2023;16(1): 08-1

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

SummaryBackground Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatoryactions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.Methods In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospitalwith COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients wererandomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once perday by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatmentgroups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment andwere twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants andlocal study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to theoutcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treatpopulation. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936.Findings Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) wereeligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was65·3 years (SD 15·7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomlyallocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall,561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days(rate ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·87–1·07; p=0·50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days(rate ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·98–1·10; p=0·19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, nosignificant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilationor death (risk ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·87–1·03; p=0·24).Interpretation In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or otherprespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restrictedto patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication