Agroecology and Health: Lessons from Indigenous Populations.

Purpose of reviewThe article aims to systematize and disseminate the main contributions of indigenous ancestral wisdom in the agroecological production of food, especially in Latin America. For this purpose, it is necessary to ask whether such knowledge can be accepted by academia research groups and international forums as a valid alternative that could contribute to overcome the world's nutritional problems.Recent findingsAlthough no new findings are being made, the validity of ancestral knowledge and agroecology is recognized by scientific research, and by international forums organized by agencies of the United Nations. These recommend that governments should implement them in their policies of development, and in the allocation of funds to support these initiatives. Agroecology and ancestral knowledge are being adopted by a growing number of organizations, indigenous peoples and social groups in various parts of the world, as development alternatives that respond to local needs and worldviews. Its productive potential is progressively being recognized at an international level as a model that contributes to improve the condition of people regarding nutritional food

Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change : UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017

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Carta abierta condenando la crisis en curso y abordando los impactos ambientales y humanitarios en Palestina

Nosotres, biólogues, ecologistas y otres profesionales dedicados a proteger la vida, les escribimos con una solicitud urgente. Les pedimos muy comedidamente que su organización o institución emita un comunicado oficial condenando la crisis en curso y abordando los impactos ambientales y humanitarios en Palestina

Abdominal aortic graft infection secondary to aortoenteric fistula: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

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Left Subclavian Artery Pseudoaneurysm after a Traffic Accident: A Case Report

The left subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare entity with few cases reported in the literature. Most injuries were related to iatrogenic manipulation with catheters for canalization of central lines. In rare cases, this injury has been described secondary to a blunt trauma. We present an unusual case of pseudoaneurysm that includes the origin of left subclavian artery in the context of severe multiple injuries after a traffic accident. There were not clavicular or rib fractures, or another type of chest trauma to justify such a vascular injury. Once the injuries that were life threatening for the patient were stabilized, it proceeded to the treatment of the pseudoaneurysm by placing an endovascular prosthesis successfully with a favorable clinical evolution

Urotensinergic system genes in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage

[ES] Objetivo: El vasoespasmo cerebral, una de las principales complicaciones secundarias a hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA), se caracteriza por una constricción arterial que tiene lugar principalmente entre el día 4 y la segunda semana. La urotensina-II (U-II) ha sido definida como el péptido con mayor capacidad vasoconstrictora en mamíferos. Quisimos analizar los niveles séricos de U-II, así como los niveles de expresión de los genes de U-II, péptido relacionado con urotensina y receptor de urotensina, en un modelo murino experimental de HSA.Diseño: Estudio experimental.Ámbito: Quirófano experimental del Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío.Participantes: Noventa y seis ratas Wistar: 74 con inyección percutánea de sangre (HSA), 22 con inyección percutánea de 100 μL de salino (Sham).Intervenciones: Día 1: extracción de muestras de sangre. Posteriormente, inyección percutánea de 100 μL de salino (Sham) o de sangre (HSA) en el espacio subaracnoideo. Día 5: extracción de muestras de sangre y sacrificio del animal.Principales variables de interés: Peso, mortalidad precoz, niveles séricos de U-II, valores de ARNm de U-II, péptido relacionado con urotensina y receptor de urotensina.Resultados: Observamos un incremento en los niveles de U-II sérica en el grupo HSA desde el día 1 (0,62 pg/mL [RI 0,36-1,08]) al día 5 (0,74 pg/mL [RI 0,39-1,43]) (p < 0,05); pero no observamos tal diferencia en el grupo Sham (0,56 pg/mL [RI 0,06-0,83] día 1; 0,37 pg/mL [RI 0,23-0,62] día 5) (p = 0,959). Se encontraron diferencias en los niveles de U-II entre ambos grupos al quinto día (p < 0,05). El análisis de curvas ROC demostró que la U-II sérica al quinto día (AUC = 0,691), ARNm de péptido relacionado con urotensina (AUC = 0,706) y ARNm de receptor de urotensina (AUC = 0,713) podían discriminar entre ratas Sham y HSA. Además, definimos un rango de normalidad para los niveles de U-II séricos en ratas: 0,56 pg/mL (RI 0,06-0,83).Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra por primera vez que el sistema urotensinérgico ve incrementada su expresión en el quinto día en un modelo de HSA.[EN] Objective: Cerebral vasospasm, one of the main complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is characterized by arterial constriction and mainly occurs from day 4 until the second week after the event. Urotensin-II (U-II) has been described as the most potent vasoconstrictor peptide in mammals. An analysis is made of the serum U-II concentrations and mRNA expression levels of U-II, urotensin related peptide (URP) and urotensin receptor (UT) genes in an experimental murine model of SAH.Design: An experimental study was carried out.Setting: Experimental operating room of the Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital (Seville, Spain).Participants: 96 Wistar rats: 74 SAH and 22 sham intervention animals.Interventions: Day 1: blood sampling, followed by the percutaneous injection of 100 μl saline (sham) or blood (SAH) into the subarachnoid space. Day 5: blood sampling, followed by sacrifice of the animals.Main variables of interest: Weight, early mortality, serum U-II levels, mRNA values for U-II, URP and UT.Results: Serum U-II levels increased in the SAH group from day 1 (0.62 pg/mL [IQR 0.36–1.08]) to day 5 (0.74 pg/mL [IQR 0.39–1.43]) (p < 0.05), though not in the sham group (0.56 pg/mL [IQR 0.06–0.83] day 1; 0.37 pg/mL [IQR 0.23–0.62] day 5; p = 0.959). Between-group differences were found on day 5 (p < 0.05). The ROC analysis showed that the day 5 serum U-II levels (AUC = 0.691), URP mRNA (AUC = 0.706) and UT mRNA (AUC = 0.713) could discriminate between sham and SAH rats. The normal serum U-II concentration range in rats was 0.56 pg/mL (IQR 0.06–0.83).Conclusion: The urotensinergic system is upregulated on day 5 in an experimental model of SAH.Peer reviewe

Rapid and simplified synthesis of [18F]Fluoromisonidazole and its use in PET imaging in an experimental model of subarachnoid hemorrhage

Cerebral damage secondary to the vasospasm due to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an important cause of morbid-mortality. We propose the use of the PET tracer [18F]Fluoromisonidazole to visualize the hypoxia due to the vasospasm. On the other hand [18F]Fluoromisonidazole synthesis process was optimized, avoiding HPLC purification using SPE cartridges instead, and reducing some synthesis steps. [18F]Fluoromisonidazole in vitro stability was tested for ten hours, and in vivo PET/CT images showed higher cerebral uptake in hemorrhagic animals than in control rats.This research was in part supported by Spanish Regional Government of Andalusia with the research Grant PI-0136-2012 CSBS 2012 entitled “New therapeutic targets in spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.” Andalusian Health System and also by the research Grant CTS 2482 entitled “Integration of the image PET/CT in a precision and Adaptive radiotherapy planning”. Spanish Regional Government of Andalusia.Peer reviewe