Assessment of anesthetic properties and pain during needleless jet injection anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial

Pain due to administration of local anesthetics is the primary reason for patients’ fear and anxiety, and various methods are used to minimize it. This study aimed to measure the degree of pain during administration of anesthesia and determine the latency time and duration of pulpal anesthesia using two anesthetic methods in the maxilla. Materials and Methods: A randomized, single-blind, split-mouth clinical trial was conducted with 41 volunteers who required class I restorations in the maxillary first molars. Local anesthesia was administered with a needleless jet injection system (experimental group) or with a carpule syringe (control) using a 30-gauge short needle. The method of anesthesia and laterality of the maxilla were randomized. A pulp electric tester measured the latency time and duration of anesthesia in the second molar. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure the degree of pain during the anesthetic method. Data were tabulated and then analyzed by a statistician. The t-test was used to analyze the differences between the groups for basal electrical stimulation. Duration of anesthesia and degree of pain were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. A 5% significance level was considered. Results: There was no statistical difference in the basal electrical stimulation threshold (mA) and degree of pain between the two methods of anesthesia (p>0.05). Latency time was 2 minutes for all subjects. The duration of pulpal anesthesia showed no statistical difference (minutes) between the two methods (p<0.001), with a longer duration for the traditional method of anesthesia (median of 40 minutes). Conclusions: The two anesthetics methods did not differ concerning the pain experienced during anesthesia. Latency lasted 2 minutes for all subjects; the traditional infiltration anesthesia resulted in a longer anesthetic duration compared with the needleless jet injection

Influência de Hidrogel em Caracteres Fitotécnicos da Soja / Influence of Hydrogel on Phytotechnical Characters of Soybean

O déficit hídrico durante a germinação de sementes e o estabelecimento da cultura da soja pode acarretar prejuízos agronômicos. O objetivo da realização deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos polímeros hidroabsorventes ou hidrogéis, nos caracteres fitotécnicos da cultura da soja em sistema de semeadura direta (SSD), num LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Eutroférrico. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados (D.B.C.), com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 + 1, com fontes dos polímeros (Polim-Agri PP® e Hydroplan-EB/HyC®) e as doses (5, 10, 15, 20 e 30 kg ha-1), e a dose zero ou testemunha (adicional). Os polímeros hidroabsorventes na dose de 20 kg ha-1 favoreceu a obtenção de aproximadamente 4% a mais de plantas com 322.083 plantas ha-1 em relação a testemunha sem o uso destes produtos com 310.000 plantas ha-1. As doses do hidroabsorventes aumentaram o número de grãos por vagem e massa de mil grãos e, consequentemente contribui para o aumento de produtividade pontualmente, mas somente até a dose 20 kg ha-1 de hidrogel

ANÁLISE HISTOLÓGICA DO ESTÔMAGO DA PROLE DE RATAS WISTAR SUBMETIDAS AO CONSUMO CRÔNICO DE ÁLCOOL DURANTE A PRENHEZ

O consumo de bebidas alcoólicas na gravidez consiste em um importante problema de saúde pública, visto que, pode causar prejuízos na organogênese de diversos órgãos, incluindo o estômago, entretanto, poucos estudos avaliam o efeito da exposição pré-natal ao álcool nesse órgão.  O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar histologicamente o estômago da prole de ratas submetidas ao consumo crônico de álcool durante a prenhez. Utilizou-se 10 ratas prenhes divididas nos grupos: Controle - ratas que receberam água destilada durante todo período gestacional e Álcool – ratas que receberam álcool etílico absoluto (3g/kg/dia) durante todo período gestacional. Logo após o nascimento, 12 neonatos (6 machos e 6 fêmeas) de cada grupo foram anestesiados e os estômagos coletados. Posteriormente, os órgãos foram fixados e processados seguindo a técnica histológica de rotina. Foram feitas análises histomorfométricas das camadas mucosa, muscular e da parede total do estômago. Observou-se que as proles macho e fêmea expostas ao etanol apresentaram diminuição da área de epitélio, contudo, os machos também mostraram redução significativa do número de células epiteliais. Demonstrou-se ainda redução na espessura das camadas mucosa, muscular e da parede total do estômago da prole fêmea do grupo Álcool. No entanto, a camada muscular apresentou aumento significativo em sua espessura no grupo de neonatos machos expostos ao etanol.  Assim, concluímos que a exposição pré-natal ao álcool provoca efeitos nocivos sobre o estômago dos neonatos, contudo, estudos futuros são necessários para melhor elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos na patogênese e possíveis consequências para os animais na fase adulta

REFLEXÕES SOBRE A PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA DOS PRECEPTORES EM RESIDÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE

Multiprofessional residencies represent proposals for education through work to transform health practices in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and overcome limitations of undergraduate education. where preceptors play a key role in this process by linking practice to scientific knowledge. This study aims to analyze the perception of resident professionals regarding the importance of preceptorship for professional training. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, based on non-probabilistic sampling conducted in 2022 and 2023. The sample consists of 6 residents from the Multiprofessional Residency Program in Collective Health at the Health Department of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. In-depth interviews were conducted. Most respondents emphasized the importance of preceptors' support and guidance for the development of clinical and ethical skills. Additionally, a collaborative approach and encouragement of critical thinking by preceptors were valued. However, some participants pointed out challenges related to time constraints and heterogeneity in the quality of preceptorship. The research highlighted the complexity of the formative process, emphasizing the importance of interpersonal relationships, a collaborative work environment, and continuous support for preceptors. Despite challenges such as varying preceptor quality and lack of constructive feedback, the results underscore the need for investment in training and professional development programs for preceptors, as well as the implementation of institutional policies that value and promote preceptorship.As residências multiprofissionais simbolizam propostas de educação pelo trabalho para transformar as práticas em saúde no SUS e sobrepujamento de limitações da graduação, onde o preceptor se coloca como peça-chave através de sua participação no processo de formação em saúde ao articular a prática ao conhecimento científico. Este trabalho objetivou analisar a percepção de profissionais residentes quanto à importância do exercício da preceptoria para a formação profissional. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, através de uma amostragem não probabilística, realizada nos anos de 2022 e 2023. A amostra é composta de 6 residentes do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde Coletiva da Secretaria de Saúde do Recife-PE. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade. A maioria dos respondentes destacou a importância do apoio e orientação dos preceptores para o desenvolvimento de habilidades clínicas e éticas. Além disso, observou-se uma valorização da abordagem colaborativa e do estímulo ao pensamento crítico por parte dos preceptores. No entanto, alguns participantes apontaram desafios relacionados à falta de tempo e à heterogeneidade na qualidade da preceptoria. A pesquisa evidenciou a complexidade do processo formativo, destacando a importância da relação interpessoal, do ambiente de trabalho colaborativo e do apoio contínuo aos preceptores. Embora tenham sido identificados desafios, como a heterogeneidade na qualidade da preceptoria e a falta de feedback construtivo, os resultados ressaltam a necessidade de investimentos em programas de capacitação e desenvolvimento profissional para preceptores, bem como a implementação de políticas institucionais que valorizem e incentivem a preceptoria

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass