Peranan Sultan Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali al-Marini dalam kerajaan Banu Marin di Fas, al-Maghrib (1331-1351M) / Mariam Farhana Md Nasir … [et al.]

Pencapaian tamadun dalam Kerajaan Banu Marin era Sultan Abu Sa’id ‘Uthman II menyaksikan perkembangan yang berlaku secara perlahan dan mendatar. Namun begitu, pemerintahan Sultan Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali pada 731H/1331M telah menyaksikan beberapa perubahan yang berlaku dalam pemerintahan, sekaligus menjadikan era kegemilangan Kerajaan Banu Marin di al-Maghrib. Kerajaan Islam yang pernah bertapak sekitar tahun 1215M hingga 1465M di wilayah al-Maghrib, telah diperintah oleh 26 orang sultan yang mempunyai sejarah kecemerlangan dan kehebatan yang tersendiri. Oleh itu, kajian ini membincangkan mengenai ketokohan Sultan Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali (731-751H/1331-1351M) sebagai sultan teragung dalam Kerajaan Banu Marin sehingga kerajaan tersebut mencapai era kegemilangan dan kemasyhurannya di al-Maghrib al-Aqsa pada abad pertengahan. Di samping itu, kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji latar belakang Sultan Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali daripada pelbagai aspek, selain peranan yang dimainkan oleh beliau dalam mengangkat Kerajaan Banu Marin sebagai sebuah kerajaan yang gemilang. Metode kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif, iaitu penyelidikan perpustakaan sepenuhnya melalui sumber bertulis sama ada sumber primer atau sekunder. Hasil kajian ini dapat mendedahkan kepada masyarakat usaha Sultan Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali dalam memastikan kerajaan yang dipimpin menjadi sebuah kerajaan yang berjaya dan cemerlang. Beliau merupakan pemerintah yang paling cemerlang dalam pemerintahan Kerajaan Banu Marin sehingga kerajaan tersebut mencapai ketamadunan yang tinggi dalam aspek politik, ekonomi, seni bina dan juga perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan

Modul usahawan tani Islam / Noorfazreen Mohd Aris...[et.al]

Keusahawanan merupakan proses pencarian, pengembelingan dan pemanfaatan kurniaan Allah SWT untuk faedah sendiri, ummah dan makhluk yang lain sebagaimana yang digariskan di dalam al-Quran dan al-Sunnah. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji bidang keusahawanan tani menurut perspektif Islam. Aspek-aspek yang dikaji meliputi konsep, etika dan bidang keusahawanan tani. Bagi mencapai objektif kajian ini, penyelidik menggunakan metode pengumpulan data yang terdiri dari kajian perpustakaan. Hasil daripada kajian mendapati bahawa keusahawanan merupakan salah satu bidang yang dapat menjana ekonomi umat Islam. Modul yang dihasilkan dapat memberikan garis panduan yang betul kepada umat Islam dalam menjalankan aktiviti keusahawanan tani. Keusahawanan adalah kerjaya yg dituntut oleh Islam kerana menyumbang kepada sumber rezeki individu & keluarga bagi menunaikan kewajipan menyara kehidupan seharian. Hasil kajian mendapati melalui aktiviti keusahawanan tani ini dapat memberi dan menyediakan sumber makanan untuk manfaat masyarakat dan disamping usahawan juga dapat memenuhi tuntutan fardhu kifayah iaitu kewajipan dan tanggungjawab pada masyarakat. Dengan niat dan cara yang diredhai Allah, keusahawanan menjadi satu cabang ibadat dan akan mendapat ganjaran dari Allah SWT

Methylene blue adsorption onto cockle shells-treated banana pith: Optimization, isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies

Two low-cost wastes, banana pith (BP) and cockle shells (CS) were explored towards methylene blue (MB) removal. The performance of cockle shells-treated banana pith (CS-BP) in MB removal was compared with untreated BP and commercially Ca(OH)2-treated BP (Ca(OH)2-BP). The adsorption efficacy was following the order of BP 0.99) and the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.999) models, demonstrating the chemisorption and naturally homogeneous process. Thermodynamics study discovered that the MB removal by CS-BP is endothermic, feasible, spontaneous and randomness growth at a solid-solute interface. It is affirmed that CS could be employed as a low-cost activation material and CS-BP as a low-cost adsorbent

Methylene blue adsorption onto cockle shells-treated banana pith: optimization, isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies

Two low-cost wastes, banana pith (BP) and cockle shells (CS) were explored towards methylene blue (MB) removal. The performance of cockle shells-treated banana pith (CS-BP) in MB removal was compared with untreated BP and commercially Ca(OH)2-treated BP (Ca(OH)2-BP). The adsorption efficacy was following the order of BP 0.99) and the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.999) models, demonstrating the chemisorption and naturally homogeneous process. Thermodynamics study discovered that the MB removal by CS-BP is endothermic, feasible, spontaneous and randomness growth at a solid-solute interface. It is affirmed that CS could be employed as a low-cost activation material and CS-BP as a low-cost adsorbent

Evaluation of the role of perceived quality and satisfaction of beneficiaries about the health care services and benefits of community clinics in Bangladesh

Introduction Bangladesh provides free healthcare to its citizens through 10,723 community clinics which provide one-stop healthcare services that is vital in ensuring primary healthcare. Measuring beneficiary' contentment is crucial to improve the quality of care and the perceived service quality have a significant impact on how often people use those health services. This study focuses on perceived quality and satisfaction of beneficiaries about the primary health care services and benefits of community clinics in Bangladesh. Methods A quantitative descriptive survey was conducted from March 2019 to April 2019 in the catchment area of 80 community clinics located at 16 Upazila under eight districts of eight divisions in Bangladesh. The survey compiled local data on client’s experience on health care service of community clinics. Besides, Sixteen Upazilas from eight districts were randomly selected for conducting interviews. Results Data was provided by a total of 760 female participants, among them majority (41%) belonged to the age group of 18-24 years old, and this very group showed more satisfaction than others (Odds Ratio 1.44). Besides, childless married women were also found to be content with the community clinic services compared to the remaining types of clients (Odds Ratio 1.64). However, gender, education, and economic perspective were positive aspects of getting service from community clinics. Conclusions Although there is a challenge balancing psychosocial and medical care, promoting client-oriented care with a focus on the cultural factors of the area is vital. This can be done through community-focused training together with explaining written prescriptions to the beneficiary, including the signs, symptoms, treatment, and referral points. The study findings will enable responsible authority to improve quality of primary health care services, realizing beneficiary’ ideas of community clinic service quality

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Perbedaan indeks massa tubuh sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan pada pasien sembuh pasca tuberkulosis paru di RSUD Karawang Barat periode Januari-Maret 2015

xiii, 49 hlm. : ilus. ; 27 c

Evaluation of Rapeseed-mustard Genotypes in Different Sowing Regimes and Their Genetic Variabilities

Rapeseed-mustard is an important oilseed species with high nutritional and economic values; it’s popularity increases due to its diverse uses. Ten genotypes of rapeseed-mustard and two sowing dates were evaluated in a split plot design with three replications. Our study demonstrated that sowing dates and genotypes greatly influenced the growth parameters, yield, and it contributing characters. BARI sarisha-16 had the highest yield (1613 kg.ha-1) whereas Binasarisha-9 yielded the lowest yield (840 kg.ha-1). All the yield contributing characters was superior in the earlier (10 November, S1) sowing date than the 24 November (S2), demonstrated by the highest grain yield (1120 kg.ha-1) which was 10 % higher than the seed sown on 24th November (S2) (1025 kg.ha-1), and better higher vegetative growth. These results affirmed that the yield contributing traits resulted the higher seed yield. In most of the studied characters, the higher phenotypic variances were observed than that of its genotypic variances. The significant positive correlation with grain yield were found in plant height, number of primary branches/plants, number of siliqua/plants, siliquae length, number of seed per siliquae, days of 50% flowering to maturity and 1000 seed weight. Therefore, based on the yield and the related traits, BARI sarisha-16 can be used for further utilization

Prevalence of tinnitus in type II diabetes mellitus with or without hypertension patients in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre

Objective: Tinnitus is perception of sound without external stimulus. Our main objective is to determine the prevalence of tinnitus in Type II diabetes mellitus patients with or without hypertension in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. We would also evaluate the quality of life of these patients. The association between tinnitus and glycaemic control and the association with renal function were also looked into. Design: A cross sectional study was conducted from May to July 2015 among 186 respondents with type II diabetes mellitus with or without hypertension using random sampling from the Endocrine clinic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) Materials and Methods: The respondents were assessed using Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and laboratory results including HbA1c and renal function were used. Those patients with tinnitus also had pure tone audiometry test to determine the hearing levels. Results: Respondents consisted of 75 males (40.3%) and 111 females (59.7%) with mean age of 60.99 ± 11.6 years old. The racial distribution was 104 Malay (55.9%), 52 Chinese (28.0%), 27 Indian (14.5%) and 3 others (1.6%). The prevalence of patients with tinnitus was 9.1% (17 patients). There was no significant association observed between tinnitus and glycaemic control (p = 0.850) and the severity of renal function calculated from glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.253). Among 17 patients with tinnitus, 10 (58.82%) had grade 1 tinnitus severity, 5 (29.41%) had grade 2 and only 2 (11.76%) had grade 4 tinnitus severity. Conclusion: There was a small percentage of tinnitus in patient with background diabetes. There was no significant association between tinnitus and type II diabetes mellitus or severity of renal function. Tinnitus did not cause a negative impact in the majority of patients