Gestión de las 5 fuerzas de porter en el reposicionamiento de la cooperativa de ahorro y crédito Trujillo a cooperativa de servicios múltiples, año 2020

La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo principal determinar la Gestión de las 5 Fuerzas de Porter en el reposicionamiento de la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito Trujillo a Cooperativa de Servicios Múltiples Trujillo, Distrito de Trujillo, Año 2020. Para dar cumplimiento a dicho objetivo, se planteó una investigación aplicada con un nivel de investigación descriptiva y con un diseño No Experimental, Transversal. Para realizar la investigación, se hizo un análisis de la situacional actual de la Cooperativa, en donde se recolectó toda la información necesaria para conocer su realidad problemática. Han participado en la presente investigación según el muestreo probabilístico utilizado 129 socios hábiles, a los cuales se les aplico la encuesta, el gerente de oficina de la Cooperativa a quien se le aplico la entrevista y también se realizó la estadística descriptiva para el análisis de los datos. Se desarrolló el modelo de gestión de las cinco fuerzas de porter mediante para diagnosticar el posicionamiento actual que tiene la Cooperativa como Ahorro y crédito, haciendo uso de métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los resultados de la presente investigación permitieron demostrar que la gestión de las cinco fuerzas de Porter influye en el reposicionamiento de la Cooperativa con una Tir del 54,39% en un mercado del mercado de 5,00%, a su vez, el cálculo de la Van como Servicios Multiples es mayor que la de una de Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito, por lo cual, si conviene invertir en el modelo de gestión de las cinco fuerzas de Porter en la conversión a una de servicios múltiples. Así mismo en el lineamiento mostrado en el Anexo 7 se observa la mejora en la organización dentro de un mercado futuro con la aplicación del modelo de porter en la ciudad de Trujillo. Se finaliza la investigación, esperando que sirva de guía en su gestión de cambio de tipología, a fin de encaminarla por el crecimiento esperado.The main objective of the present research was to determine the Management of the 5 Porter Forces in the repositioning of the Trujillo Savings and Credit Cooperative to the Trujillo Multiple Services Cooperative, Trujillo District, Year 2020. To fulfill this objective, an applied research was proposed with a descriptive research level and with a Non-Experimental, Cross-sectional design. To carry out the investigation, an analysis of the current situation of the Cooperative was made, where all the necessary information was collected to know its problematic reality. They have participated in the present investigation according to the probabilistic sampling used 129 skillful partners, to whom the survey was applied, the office manager of the Cooperative to whom the interview was applied and the descriptive statistics were also carried out for the analysis of the data. The management model of the five porter forces was developed to diagnose the current position of the Cooperative as Savings and Credit, using qualitative and quantitative methods. The results of the present investigation allowed to demonstrate that the management of Porter's five forces influences the repositioning of the Cooperative with a TIR of 54.39% in a market of 5.00%, in turn, the calculation of The Van as Multiple Services is greater than that of a Credit Union, therefore, if it is convenient to invest in Porter's five forces management model in the conversion to a multiple services one. Likewise, in the guideline shown in Annex 7, the improvement in the organization within a future market is observed with the application of the porter model in the city of Trujillo. The investigation is finalized, hoping that it will serve as a guide in its management of change of typology, in order to direct it towards the expected growth.Tesi

Desarrollos publicitarios en el escenario de la realidad aumentada

En el presente trabajo se comparan cuantitativamente las eficiencias energéticas de un Calentador Solar de Matriz de Cerámica Integrada (CSMCI), con los parámetros característicos de distintos tipos de colectores solares. Adicionalmente se realiza un análisis exergético del CSMCI. Se diseñaron y construyeron dos prototipos, con diferentes materiales del captador, uno con cerámica compactada a 25.000 kPa y el otro a 36.000 kPa. Los ensayos se realizaron en el laboratorio de energía de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. El experimento consistió en mediciones de temperatura bajo condiciones de laboratorio a diferentes radiaciones simuladas por lámparas incandescentes. Los resultados muestran que el CSIMC tiene eficiencias globales del 59% en especial a bajas radiaciones y en la cerámica compactada a 36.000kPa, igualmente cabe resaltar las eficiencias energéticas instantáneas de las cerámicas roja y blanca a 400 W, las cuales son de 14.4% y 15,9% respectivamente

Predictors of in-hospital mortality in HIV-infected patients with COVID-19

Background Underlying immunodeficiency is associated with severe COVID-19, but the prognosis of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) with COVID-19 is under debate. Aim: assessment of the mortality rate and major determinants of death in HIV-infected patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain before vaccine availability. Design: Retrospective nationwide public database analysis. Methods Nationwide, retrospective, observational analysis of all hospitalizations with COVID-19 during year 2020 in Spain. Stratification was made according to HIV status. The National Registry of Hospital Discharges was used with the ICD-10 coding list. Results A total of 117 694 adults were hospitalized with COVID-19 during 2020. Only 234 (0.2%) were HIV-positives. More than 95% were on antiretroviral therapy. Compared to HIV-negatives, PWH were younger (mean age 53.2 vs. 66.5 years old; P<0.001) and more frequently male (74.8% vs. 56.6%; P<0.001). Most co-morbidities predisposing to severe COVID-19 (diabetes, hypertension, dementia and cardiovascular disease) were more frequent in HIV-negatives. In contrast, the rate of baseline liver disease was over 6-fold higher in PWH (27.4% vs. 4.4%; P<0.001). In-hospital mortality was lower in PWH (9.4% vs. 16%; P=0.004). In multivariate analysis, older age, dementia and especially advanced liver disease (relative risk (RR): 7.6) were the major determinants of death in PWH hospitalized with COVID-19. Conclusion HIV-infected patients hospitalized in Spain with COVID-19 during 2020 had better survival than HIV-negatives, most likely explained by younger age and lower rate of co-morbidities. However, advanced liver disease was a major predictor of death in PWH hospitalized with COVID-19

Green Energy Generated in Single-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells Using Tomato Waste

"This research used tomato waste as a substrate (fuel) in Single Chamber-Microbial Fuel Cells (scMFC) on a small scale. The electrochemical properties were monitored, the functional groups of the substrate were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR) and a microbiological analysis was performed on the electrodes in order to identify the microorganisms responsible for the electrochemical process. The results show voltage peaks and an electrical current of 3.647 ± 0.157 mA and 0.957 ± 0.246 V. A pH of 5.32 ± 0.26 was measured in the substrate with an electrical current conductivity of 148,701 ± 5849 mS/cm and an internal resistance (Rint) of 77. 517 ± 8.541 Ω. The maximum power density (PD) displayed was 264.72 ± 3.54 mW/cm2 at a current density (CD) of 4.388 A/cm2 . On the other hand, the FTIR spectrum showed a more intense decrease in its peaks, with the compound belonging to the phenolic groups being the most affected at 3361 cm−1 . The micrographs show the formation of a porous biofilm where molecular identification allowed the identification of two bacteria (Proteus vulgaris and Proteus vulgaris) and a yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica) with 100% identity. The data found show the potential of this waste as a source of fuel for the generation of an electric current in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way, generating in the near future a mechanism for the reuse of waste in a beneficial way for farmers, communities and agro-industrial companies.

Insulin regulates neurovascular coupling through astrocytes

Mice with insulin receptor (IR)-deficient astrocytes (GFAP-IR knockout [KO] mice) show blunted responses to insulin and reduced brain glucose uptake, whereas IRdeficient astrocytes show disturbed mitochondrial responses to glucose. While exploring the functional impact of disturbed mitochondrial function in astrocytes, we observed that GFAP-IR KO mice show uncoupling of brain blood flow with glucose uptake. Since IR-deficient astrocytes show higher levels of reactive oxidant species (ROS), this leads to stimulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1¿ and, consequently, of the vascular endothelial growth factor angiogenic pathway. Indeed, GFAP-IR KO mice show disturbed brain vascularity and blood flow that is normalized by treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). NAC ameliorated high ROS levels, normalized angiogenic signaling and mitochondrial function in IR-deficient astrocytes, and normalized neurovascular coupling in GFAP-IR KO mice. Our results indicate that by modulating glucose uptake and angiogenesis, insulin receptors in astrocytes participate in neurovascular coupling.We are thankful to M.Garcia and R. Cañadas for technical support. This work was funded by Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (Instituto de Salud CarlosIII, Spain) to I.T.A., A.G., and T.I.; an Inter-CIBER project (PIE14/00061) to I.T.A.that forms part of the projects PID2019-104376RB-I00 (I.T.A.) and RTI2018-094887-B-I00 (M.N.) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; a grant from Junta de Andalucia Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento (P18-RT-2233 to A.G.) cofinanced by Programa Operativo FEDER 2014–2020; a grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III Spain (cofinanced by FEDER funds from the European Union; PI21/00915 to A.G.); Grant PID2020-115218RB-I00 to T.I. funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/Agencia Española de Investigación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033); and a grant from Comunidad de Madrid through the European Social Fund (ESF)–financed programme Neurometabolismo-Comunidad de Madrid (NEUROMETAB-CM) (B2017/BMD-3700 to I.T.A.and T.I.). M.N. was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Ramón y Cajal RYC-2016-20414). J.P.-U. was contracted by CIBERNED

Changes in refractive error during young adulthood: the effects of longitudinal screen time, ocular sun exposure, and genetic predisposition

Purpose: Changes in refractive error during young adulthood is common yet risk factors at this age are largely unexplored. This study explored risk factors for these changes, including gene–environmental interactions. Methods: Spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) for 624 community-based adults were measured at 20 (baseline) and 28 years old. Participants were genotyped and their polygenic scores (PGS) for refractive error calculated. Self-reported screen time (computer, television, and mobile devices) from 20 to 28 years old were collected prospectively and longitudinal trajectories were generated. Past sun exposure was quantified using conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) area. Results: Median change in SER and AL were −0.023 diopters (D)/year (interquartile range [IQR] = −0.062 to –0.008) and +0.01 mm/year (IQR = 0.000 to 0.026), respectively. Sex, baseline myopia, parental myopia, screen time, CUVAF, and PGS were significantly associated with myopic shift. Collectively, these factors accounted for approximately 20% of the variance in refractive error change, with screen time, CUVAF, and PGS each explaining approximately 1% of the variance. Four trajectories for total screen time were found: “consistently low” (n = 148), “consistently high” (n = 250), “consistently very high” (n = 76), and “increasing” (n = 150). Myopic shift was faster in those with “consistently high” or “consistently very high” screen time compared to “consistently-low” (P ≤ 0.031). For each z-score increase in PGS, changes in SER and AL increased by −0.005 D/year and 0.002 mm/year (P ≤ 0.045). Of the three types of screen time, only computer time was associated with myopic shift (P ≤ 0.040). There was no two- or three-way interaction effect between PGS, CUVAF, or screen time (P ≥ 0.26). Conclusions: Higher total or computer screen time, less sun exposure, and genetic predisposition are each independently associated with greater myopic shifts during young adulthood. Given that these factors explained only a small amount of the variance, there are likely other factors driving refractive error change during young adulthood

Safety and efficacy of ribociclib plus letrozole in patients with HR+, HER2– advanced breast cancer: Results from the Spanish sub-population of the phase 3b CompLEEment-1 trial

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in Spanish women. Ribociclib in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) has shown superiority in prolonging survival in patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC) vs. ET alone.Methods: CompLEEment-1 is a single-arm, open-label phase 3b trial evaluating ribociclib plus letrozole in a broad population of patients with HR+, HER2- ABC. The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability. Here we report data for Spanish patients enrolled in CompLEEment-1.Results: A total of 526 patients were evaluated (median follow-up: 26.97 months). Baseline characteristics showed a diverse population with a median age of 54 years. At study entry, 56.5% of patients had visceral metastases and 8.7% had received prior chemotherapy for advanced disease. Rates of all-grade and Grade >= 3 adverse events (AEs) were 99.0% and 76.2%, respectively; 21.3% of patients experienced a serious AE, and 15.8% of AEs led to treatment discontinuation. AEs of special interest of neutropenia, increased alanine aminotransferase, increased aspartate aminotransferase and QTcF prolongation occurred in 77.8%, 14.8%, 11.4% and 4.0% of patients, respectively. Patients aged >70 years experienced increased rates of all-grade and Grade >= 3 neutropenia and anemia. Efficacy results were consistent with the global study.Conclusions: Results from Spanish patients enrolled in CompLEEment-1 are consistent with global data showing efficacy and a manageable safety profile for ribociclib plus letrozole treatment in patients with HR+, HER2-ABC, including populations of interest (NCT02941926).Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0294192

Turismo y Género. Una mirada desde Iberoamérica

En las últimas cuatro décadas ha crecido el interés de la academia, gobiernos y organizaciones internacionales por estudiar cómo ha sido, en qué circunstancias y qué efectos ha traído la incorporación de las mujeres al turismo. De esta forma se inicia un debate internacional en el que se cuestionan, por un lado, los efectos negativos de esta actividad en la vida de las mujeres y, por el otro, se realzan beneficios económicos que mejoran su calidad de vida y la de sus familias. A pesar del interés y la importante participación de mujeres en el sector turístico, aún son insuficientes los estudios enfocados en explicar y evidenciar su situación laboral. En este contexto, surge la idea de publicar un libro que compilara trabajos recientes en torno a las condiciones de las trabajadoras en el sector turístico de Iberoamérica.Esta obra se compone de tres secciones, Aproximaciones teórico metodológicas, Mujer y turismo en zonas rurales y La mujer en empresas turísticas, cuyas investigaciones abordan distintos temas para evidenciar los problemas enfrentados por las mujeres, proponer diversas soluciones y comprender su escenario laboral. En la primera sección, hay dos capítulos que proponen marcos teóricos para analizar el empoderamiento de las mujeres en el turismo rural. Los resultados de investigaciones de la segunda sección visibilizan las desigualdades, reflexionan y proponen acciones para mejorar las condiciones de las trabajadoras turísticas. En la última, en los tres capítulos, concentrados en las actividades empresariales, se estudian las desventajas y obstáculos de la empleada en alguna compañía turística.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

HOP LEARNING: An experience of transversal teaching innovation in telecommunication engineering degrees at the ETSE of the Universitat de València and its impact beyond the classroom

[EN] The needs for teaching innovation in the field of telecommunications engineering go beyond the teaching guide itself and its implementations. The innovation presented here has been developed over the last three academic years to show the benefit of using professional communication systems platforms in formal teaching. This paper analyses the effects measured in previous implementations using project-based learning methodology and formative assessment against the usual context of qualitative assessment. It shows how the appropriate use of these platforms improves students' perception of related content through the analysis of LIKERT surveys. It also presents transfer cases conducted thanks to the inclusion of professional engineering agents in the development of classes and the impact on the design awareness of engineering students and awareness actions on the use of communication platforms in non-university environments.[ES] Las necesidades de innovación docente en el ámbito de la ingeniería de telecomunicaciones van más allá de la propia guía docente y sus implementaciones. La innovación que aquí se presenta se ha desarrollado a lo largo de los últimos 3 cursos académicos para mostrar el beneficio del uso de plataformas profesionales de sistemas de comunicación en la docencia reglada. En este trabajo se analizan los efectos medidos en implementaciones anteriores utilizando metodología de aprendizaje basado en proyectos y evaluación formativa frente al contexto habitual de evaluación cualitativa. Muestra cómo el uso adecuado de estas plataformas mejora la percepción de los alumnos sobre los contenidos relacionados a través del análisis de las encuestas LIKERT. También se presentan los casos de transferencia llevados a cabo gracias a la inclusión de agentes profesionales de la ingeniería en el desarrollo de las clases y el impacto en la conciencia de diseño de los estudiantes de ingeniería y las acciones de sensibilización sobre el uso de plataformas de comunicación en entornos no universitarios.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Vicerectorat de Transformació Docent i Formació Permanent de la Universitat de València través del Projecte d’Innovació Educativa per al curs 2022-2023 UV-SFPIE_PID-2079731Pérez Soler, J.; Soriano Asensi, A.; Suárez Zapata, A.; Herraiz García, R.; Amaro Perez, A.; Felici Castell, S.; García Olcina, R.... (2023). HOP LEARNING: una experiencia de innovación docente transversal en grados de ingeniería de telecomunicación en la ETSE de la Universitat de València y su impacto mas allá del aula. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 178-189. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2023.2023.1664517818

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected