High-redshift quasars along the Main Sequence

We aim to evaluate the behaviour of our 22 high-redshift (2.2 < z < 3.7) and high-luminosity (47.39 < Lbol < 48.36) quasars in the context of the 4-Dimensional Eigenvector 1. Our approach involves studying quasar physics through spectroscopic exploration of UV and optical emission line diagnostics. We are using new observations from ISAAC/VLT and mainly from the SDSS to cover the optical and the UV rest-frames, respectively. Emission lines are characterised both through a quantitative parametrisation of the line profiles, and by decomposing the emission line profiles using multicomponent fitting routines. We provide spectrophotometric properties and line profile measurements for Hb+[O iii], as well as for Si iv+O iv], C iv+He ii and the 1900 blend. Six out of the 22 objects present a significant blueshifted component on the Hb profile, and in 14/22 cases an Hb outflowing component associated to [O iii] is detected. The majority of [O iii] emission line profiles show blueshifted velocities larger than 250 km s^-1. [O iii] and C iv blueshifts show very high amplitudes and a high degree of correlation. Line width and shift are correlated for both [O iii] and C iv, suggesting that emission from outflowing gas is providing a substantial broadening to both lines. Otherwise, the links between C iv centroid velocity at half intensity (c(1/2)), Eddington ratio (L/LEdd), and bolometric luminosity are found to be in agreement with previous studies of high-luminosity quasars. Our analysis suggests that the behaviour of quasars of very high luminosity all along the main sequence is strongly affected by powerful outflows involving a broad range of spatial scales. The main sequence correlations remain valid at high redshift and high luminosity even if a systematic increase in line width is observed. Scaling laws based on UV Al iii and Hb emission lines are equally reliable estimators of MBH.Comment: Accepted for publication at A&

EVIDÊNCIAS DE INFLAMAÇÃO DAS VIAS AÉREAS RESPIRATÓRIAS INFERIORES, EM POTROS PSI SAUDÁVEIS, ANTES DO INÍCIO DOS TREINAMENTOS

Obstruções do trato respiratório inferiorapresentam grande impacto no potencial atlético decavalos de corrida. Doença Inflamatória das ViasAéreas (DIVA) constitui achado comum em cavalosde corrida jovens. Esse estudo testou a hipótesede que a inflamação do trato respiratório inferiorpoderia iniciar ainda na vida no haras. Sete diferentesharas foram visitados, e 119 potros sobreanoforam investigados. As vias aéreas inferiores foramavaliadas através de exame clínico e endoscópico,e citologia do aspirado traqueal. Entre os potrosconsiderados clinicamente saudáveis, 90,76% evidenciarammuco traqueo-bronquial e os perfis citológicosevidenciaram reação inflamatória presente.A presente investigação confirma a presença deinflamação pulmonar em potros PSI antes do iníciodo treinamento, representando um risco potencial àcapacidade atlética futura.Lower respiratory airway obstruction has a major impact in racehorse athletic potential. Inflammatory Airway Disease (IAD) is a common finding in young racehorses. This study tested the hypothesis that lower airway inflammation could initiate in farm life. Seven different breeding farms were visited, and 119 yearlings were investigated. Lower airways were evaluated by clinical examination, endoscopy and cytology of the tracheal aspirate. From those yearlings considered clinically healthy, 90,76% evidenced tracheobronchial mucus and some showing cytological profile of inflammatory reaction. Then, the present investigation confirms the occurrence of inflammatory condition of the lower respiratory airways in thoroughbred yearlings before training has commenced, representing a potential risk for the future athletic performance in young racehorses

Gas phase metallicity determinations in nearby AGNs with SDSS-IV MaNGA: evidence of metal poor accretion

We derive the metallicity (traced by the O/H abundance) of the Narrow Line Region ( NLR) of 108 Seyfert galaxies as well as radial metallicity gradients along their galaxy disks and of these of a matched control sample of no active galaxies. In view of that, observational data from the SDSS-IV MaNGA survey and strong emission-line calibrations taken from the literature were considered. The metallicity obtained for the NLRs %each Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) was compared to the value derived from the extrapolation of the radial oxygen abundance gradient, obtained from \ion{H}{ii} region estimates along the galaxy disk, to the central part of the host galaxies. We find that, for most of the objects ($\sim 80\,\%$), the NLR metallicity is lower than the extrapolated value, with the average difference ($$) between these estimates ranging from 0.16 to 0.30 dex. We suggest that$$ is due to the accretion of metal-poor gas to the AGN that feeds the nuclear supermassive black hole (SMBH), which is drawn from a reservoir molecular and/or neutral hydrogen around the SMBH. Additionally, we look for correlations between $D$ and the electron density ($N_{\rm e}$), [\ion{O}{iii}]$\lambda$5007 and H$\alpha$ luminosities, extinction coefficient ($A_{V})$ of the NLRs, as well as the stellar mass ($M_{*}$) of the host galaxies. Evidences of an inverse correlation between the $D$ and the parameters $N_{\rm e}$, $M_{*}$ and $A_{\rm v}$ were found

Ionised gas kinematics in MaNGA AGN: Extents of the narrow-line and kinematically disturbed regions

Context. Feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in general seems to play an important role in the evolution of galaxies, although the impact of AGN winds on their host galaxies is still unknown in the absence of a detailed analysis. Aims. We aim to analyse the kinematics of a sample of 170 AGN host galaxies as compared to those of a matched control sample of non-active galaxies from the MaNGA survey in order to characterise and estimate the extents of the narrow-line region (NLR) and of the kinematically disturbed region (KDR) by the AGN. Methods. We defined the observed NLR radius (rNLR, o) as the farthest distance from the nucleus within which both [O III]/Hβ and [N II]/Hα ratios fall in the AGN region of the BPT diagram, and the Hα equivalent width was required to be larger than 3.0 Å. The extent of the KDR (rKDR, o) is defined as the distance from the nucleus within which the AGN host galaxies show a more disturbed gas kinematics than the control galaxies. Results. The AGN [O III]λ5007 luminosity ranges from 1039 to 1041 erg s−1, and the kinematics derived from the [O III] line profiles reveal that, on average, the most luminous AGNs (L[O III] > 3.8 × 1040 erg s−1) possess higher residual differences between the gaseous and stellar velocities and velocitie dispersions than their control galaxies in all the radial bins. Spatially resolved NLRs and KDRs were found in 55 and 46 AGN host galaxies, with corrected radii 0.2 < rKDR, c < 2.3 kpc and 0.4 < rNLR, c < 10.1 kpc and a relation between the two given by log rKDR, c = (0.53 ± 0.12) log rNLR, c + (1.07 ± 0.22), respectively. On average, the extension of the KDR corresponds to about 30% of that of the NLR. Assuming that the KDR is due to an AGN outflow, we have estimated ionised gas mass outflow rates that range between 10−5 and ∼1 M⊙ yr−1, and kinetic powers that range from 1034 to 1040 erg s−1. Conclusions. Comparing the power of the AGN ionised outflows with the AGN luminosities, they are always below the 0.05 LAGN model threshold for having an important feedback effect on their respective host galaxies. The mass outflow rates (and power) of our AGN sample correlate with their luminosities, populating the lowest AGN luminosity range of the correlations previously found for more powerful sources. © ESO 2022.This study was funded in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Fundação de Amparo à pesquisa do Estado do RS (FAPERGS). ADM acknowledges financial support from the Spanish MCIU grant PID2019-106027GB-C41 and from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). ADM also acknowledges the support of the INPhINIT fellowship form “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434), under the fellowship code LCF/BQ/DI19/11730018. SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS Collaboration including the Brazilian Participation Group, the Carnegie Institution for Science, Carnegie Mellon University, the Chilean Participation Group, the French Participation Group, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, The Johns Hopkins University, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo, the Korean Participation Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Leibniz Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik (MPA Garching), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), National Astronomical Observatories of China, New Mexico State University, New York University, University of Notre Dame, Observatório Nacional/MCTI, The Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, United Kingdom Participation Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, University of Arizona, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Oxford, University of Portsmouth, University of Utah, University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin, Vanderbilt University, and Yale University.Peer reviewe

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median $z\sim 0.03$). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between $z\sim 0.6$ and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

The Fifteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release of MaNGA-derived Quantities, Data Visualization Tools, and Stellar Library

Twenty years have passed since first light for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Here, we release data taken by the fourth phase of SDSS (SDSS-IV) across its first three years of operation (2014 July–2017 July). This is the third data release for SDSS-IV, and the 15th from SDSS (Data Release Fifteen; DR15). New data come from MaNGA—we release 4824 data cubes, as well as the first stellar spectra in the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar), the first set of survey-supported analysis products (e.g., stellar and gas kinematics, emission-line and other maps) from the MaNGA Data Analysis Pipeline, and a new data visualization and access tool we call "Marvin." The next data release, DR16, will include new data from both APOGEE-2 and eBOSS; those surveys release no new data here, but we document updates and corrections to their data processing pipelines. The release is cumulative; it also includes the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since first light. In this paper, we describe the location and format of the data and tools and cite technical references describing how it was obtained and processed. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has also been updated, providing links to data downloads, tutorials, and examples of data use. Although SDSS-IV will continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V (2020–2025), we end this paper by describing plans to ensure the sustainability of the SDSS data archive for many years beyond the collection of data

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014–2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V