New Opportunities from the Isolation and Utilization of Whey Proteins

Management of dairy whey has often involved implementation of the most economical disposal methods, including discharge into waterways and onto fields or simple processing into low value commodity powders. These methods have been, and continue to be, restricted by environmental regulations and the cyclical variations in price associated with commodity products. In any modern regimen for whey management, the focus must therefore be on maximizing the value of available whey solids through greater and more varied utilization of the whey components. The whey protein constituents offer tremendous opportunities. Although whey represents a rich source of proteins with diverse food properties for nutritional, biological, and functional applications, commercial exploitation of these proteins has not been widespread because of a restricted applications base, a lack of viable industrial technologies for protein fractionation, and inconsistency in product quality. These shortcomings are being addressed through the development of novel and commercially relevant whey processing technologies, the preparation of new whey protein fractions, and the exploitation of the properties of these fractions in food and in nontraditional applications. Examples include the following developments: 1) whey proteins as physiologically functional food ingredients, 2) α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin as nutritional and specialized physically functional food ingredients, and 3) minor protein components as specialized food ingredients and as important biotechnological reagents. Specific examples include the isolation and utilization of lactoferrin and the replacement of fetal bovine serum in tissue cell culture applications with a growth factor extract isolated from whey

Sex differences in oncogenic mutational processes.

Sex differences have been observed in multiple facets of cancer epidemiology, treatment and biology, and in most cancers outside the sex organs. Efforts to link these clinical differences to specific molecular features have focused on somatic mutations within the coding regions of the genome. Here we report a pan-cancer analysis of sex differences in whole genomes of 1983 tumours of 28 subtypes as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. We both confirm the results of exome studies, and also uncover previously undescribed sex differences. These include sex-biases in coding and non-coding cancer drivers, mutation prevalence and strikingly, in mutational signatures related to underlying mutational processes. These results underline the pervasiveness of molecular sex differences and strengthen the call for increased consideration of sex in molecular cancer research

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

CHANGE IN AUTONOMIC RESPONSIVITY AND DRINKING BEHAVIOR OF ALCOHOLICS AS AFUNCTION OF AVERSION THERAPY

Abstract not availabl

Stochastic-Quantum comparison through a frictionless stochastic experiment

A stochastic single-slit experiment is used to exhibit a counterexample to the proposal by several Investigators that quantum phenomena is equivalent to a frictionless stochastic process. The connection between Brownian motion and quantum mechanics is made by relating the diffusion coefficient and mean drift velocity of the Smoluchowski equation to h/2m and h/m[lambda] respectively. This is the connection usually made in relating quantum mechanics to Brownian motion. The omission of the damping term leads to an effective wavelength for the stochastic test problem which is changing in time and implies that is not the ideal stochastic test model to consider. The stochastic single-slit experiment is scaled to conform with a physical single-slit experiment which is known to agree with quantum calculations. An Intensity distribution is developed by using Langevin's equation without damping to calculate (with a computer) the position of particles acted on by a random force. The intensity distribution is then compared to the diffraction pattern produced by the physical experiment and no similarity is noted.Physics, Department o

Development of minor dairy components as therapeutic agents - whey growth factor extract, a case study

Bovine whey is a rich source of proteins with different physical and physiological activity. In our hands, cheddar cheese whey has been used as a novel source material for development of a candidate human therapeutic – whey growth factor extract (WGFE). The technology for this product has incorporated all aspects of the drug development pipeline, including pre-clinical testing, pharmaceutical grade manufacture and human clinical trials. The WGFE technology represents a different approach to the use of minor dairy ingredients that may potentially return large benefits to both end user and the dairy industry.G.O. Regester, D.A. Belford, R.J. West and C. Goddardhttp://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=1514493