Relaparotomy after caesarean section: a retrospective observational study in a tertiary medical college

Background: Relaparotomy is the term which defines operations performed within 60days after the initial surgery. Ralaparotomy following caesarean section may happen and that’s why a study was done to evaluate the risk factors, indications, procedures done during relaparotomy after caesarean section.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology in burdwan medical college and hospital for a period of 3years from 1June 2019 to 31 May 2022. Total 32 cases required relaparotomy following caesarean section.Results: In this study, there were 25,527 caesarean deliveries out of 56,145 total deliveries over 3years time period. Among caesarean deliveries 32 cases underwent relaparotomy (0.12%). In most of the cases relaparotomies were due to intraperitoneal haemorrhage, rectus sheath hematoma, postpartum haemorrhage. Indications of cesarean section were severe preeclampsia, non-progress of labour, abruption, post cesarean section with scar tenderness, meconium-stained liquor with fetal distress. Most of the women were in the age group of 20-30 years. Resuturing of the bleeding points were done in most of the cases.Conclusions: As a lifesaving procedure, decision of relaparotomy should be taken as soon as possible. Proper hemostasis need to be ensured before closure of abdomen, as intraperitoneal haemorrhage is the most common indications for relaparotomy

Maternal mortality-a three-year retrospective study in a rural medical college of India

Background: Maternal mortality is a tragic event as family revolves around a mother. The deadly obstetrical triad of hemorrhage, preeclampsia and infection has accounted for a third of all deaths. This study was conducted to assess maternal mortality ratio, demographic profile and causes of maternal death.Methods: This retrospective longitudinal study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology for a period of three years from 1st January 2018-31st December, 2020. Total no of death during this period was 134.Records of deaths and demographic profiles were retrieved from the medical record library of aforesaid hospital.Results: There were 134 maternal deaths amongst 56815 live births with MMR 235.85. The majority of deaths were in 20-29 year of age group and most of the deaths seen in multigravida. The 91.79% death was observed within the 24 hours and after 72 hours. Eclampsia, preeclampsia and hemorrhage were leading cause of maternal death seen in the study.Conclusions: Maternal mortality is higher than national MMR. Majority of maternal death were preventable by proper antenatal care, early detection of high-risk pregnancies and their timely referral to tertiary care centre

Development of cantilever based method and gas sensing Properties of HoFeO3

Development of various materials and studying their magnetic and sensing properties has been of great interest in the recent past. Hence, in this projec t I have explored the following, (a) Measurement of magnetostriction using cantilever beam magnetom etry The objective of this work is to develop the cantilever based method to determine magnetostriction of a thin film. TbFeCo film is deposited on kapton substrate and TbDyFe 2 thin films have been deposited on Si substrate by DC magnetron sputtering sys tem. The magnetostriction of TbFeCo thin film has been investigated using optical cantilever method at room temperature. The crystalline behavior and structure property of TbDyFe2 thin film has been explored by X - ray diffraction (XRD). The surface morpholo gy of TbDyFe 2 was studied by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The Energy dispersive X - ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the composition of TbDyFe 2 alloy thin film. (b) Exploring NO2 gas sensing properties of HoFeO3 compound In addition to the above, I also have explored the possibility of using HoFeO3 (HFO) compound for NO2 gas sensing applications. In order to use above, material for gas sensing applications, initially I confirmed the structure of the material with powder XRD. Rietveld re finement is carried out to get exact lattice parameters, bond angles, bond lengths of the material. From the refinement it is confirmed that HFO formed with a space group Pbnm and in orthorhombic structure. Lattice parameters those were extracted from refi nement are a = 5.28322(6), b = 5.59071(7), c = 7.60968(8), α = β = γ = 90°. We also explored the usability of HFO material along with various fungal spices (C3, C7, MTCC, S34, W3 and W5) for NO2 gas sensing. It is observed that parent HFO+W5 shows 25% sens itivity (at 50 ppm of NO2 gas) at room temperature. On the other hand, at 50°C, HFO+C3 showed 25% sensitivity vii (at 50 ppm of NO2 gas). This indeed reveals that at various temperatures and for different fungal spices, the NO2 gas sensing properties of HFO ar e different

Some fixed point results in Menger spaces using a control function

Here we prove a probabilistic contraction mapping principle in Menger spaces. This is in line with research in fixed point theory using control functions which was initiated by Khan et al. [Bull. Austral. Math. Soc., 30(1984), 1-9] in metric spaces and extended by Choudhury et al. [Acta Mathematica Sinica, 24(8) (2008), 1379-1386] in probabilistic metric spaces. An example has also been constructed

Some fixed point results in fuzzy metric spaces using a control function

In this paper, we establish the results on existence and uniqueness of fixed point for φ-contractive and generalized C-contractive mapping in the fuzzy metric space in the sense of George and Veeramani. We use the notion of altering distance for proving the results

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Some fixed point theorems in G-metric space