432 research outputs found
Pulse control of sudden transition for two qubits in XY spin baths and quantum phase transition
We study the dynamics of two initially correlated qubits coupled to their own
separate spin baths modeled by a XY spin chain and find the explicit expression
of the quantum discord for the system. A sudden transition is found to exist
between classical and quantum decoherence by choosing certain initial states.
We show that the sudden transition happens near the critical point, which
provides a new way to characterize the quantum phase transition. Furthermore,
we propose a scheme to prolong the transition time of the quantum discord by
applying the bang-bang pulses.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
Programmable Photonic Simulator for Spin Glass Models
Spin glasses featured by frustrated interactions and metastable states have
important applications in chemistry, material sciences and artificial neural
networks. However, the solution of the spin glass models is hindered by the
computational complexity that exponentially increases with the sample size.
Photonic Ising machines based on spatial light modulation can speed up the
calculation by obtaining the Hamiltonian from the modulated light intensity.
However, the large-scale generalization to various spin couplings and higher
dimensions is still elusive. Here, we develop a Fourier-mask method to program
the spin couplings in photonic Ising machines. We observe the phase transition
of the two-dimensional Mattis model and the J-J model
and study the critical phenomena. We also demonstrate that the
three-dimensional Ising model, which has not been analytically solved, can be
effectively constructed and simulated in two-dimensional lattices with Fourier
masks. Our strategy provides a flexible route to tuning couplings and
dimensions of statistical spin models, and improves the applicability of
optical simulation in neural networks and combinatorial optimization problems
Reproducibility studies on OCT rapid and repeated scanning method for the diagnosis of glaucoma
AIM: To evaluate the application ofoptical coherence tomography(OCT)and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFL)measured by rapid and repeated methods in the diagnosis of glaucoma repeated significance. <p>METHODS: Stratus OCT were measured in 38 normal subjects and 42 patients with the primary RNFL thickness of open angle glaucoma patients. Rapid and repeated scanning was applied respectively to measure the RNFL thickness of patients with normal and primary open angle glaucoma. The average RNFL thickness's related coefficient and various coefficient of the temporal, upper, lower and nasal region made reproducibility assessment. <p>RESULTS: In normal and primary open angle glaucoma patients, the overall average RNFL thickness and lateral temporal, above, nasal, below RNFL thickness, in which two groups did not show differences; repeated scanning average RNFL thickness was measured in fast scanning scheme around the optic disc, and had higher ICC and lower value of CV, there were significant differences in the temporal region(<i>P</i>=0.042). The temporal, nasal, upper and lower area of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of the ICC(CV)values were as follows: fast scan was 0.918(7.2%), 0.831(6.82%), 0.856(5.12%), 0.911(7.19%); repeated scans were 0.927(3.21%), 0.962(5.01%), 0.909(6.02%), 0.869(4.67%), 0.918(6.89%).<p>CONCLUSION: In normal subjects and patients with primary open angle glaucoma, the application of rapid and repeated scanning in measurement of RNFL with OCT thickness has repeated significance, but repeated scanning scheme in the assessment of RNFL thickness is more accurate
A homogenous nature of native Chinese duck matrilineal pool
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>China, with around 30 unique breeds, has a diverse duck genetic pool. Currently, there is no systematic report which investigates the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationship, and matrilineal genetic structure of these domestic breeds and wild mallards (<it>Anas platyrhynchos</it>).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, we sequenced the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region segments in 278 domestic ducks (<it>Anas platyrhynchos domestica</it>) from 19 indigenous breeds/populations and 70 wild mallard samples and analyzed them together with the 101 control region sequences from published sources. Fifty-two samples were then sequenced for a cytochrome <it>b </it>(Cyt <it>b</it>) gene fragment to solidify the pattern emerged from the control region sequences. All domestic duck and wild mallard haplotypes were essentially indistinguishable and were clustered together in the phylogenetic tree. There was no geographic differentiation and breed/population-specific distribution of duck lineages.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results showed that unlike other domesticated farm animals in China such as chicken, cattle, goat, and yak with multiple matrilineal components, the matrilineal pool of Chinese ducks was homogenous.</p
ADAMTS16 activates latent TGF-β, accentuating fibrosis and dysfunction of the pressure-overloaded heart
AIMS: Cardiac fibrosis is a major cause of heart failure (HF), and mediated by the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. However, limited tools are available to block cardiac fibrosis. ADAMTS16 is a member of the ADAMTS superfamily of extracellular protease enzymes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and remodelling. In this study, we aimed to establish ADAMTS16 as a key regulator of cardiac fibrosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Western blot and qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that ADAMTS16 was significantly up-regulated in mice with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and HF, which was correlated with increased expression of Mmp2, Mmp9, Col1a1, and Col3a1. Overexpression of ADAMTS16 accelerated the AngII-induced activation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Protein structural analysis and co-immunoprecipitation revealed that ADAMTS16 interacted with the latency-associated peptide (LAP)-transforming growth factor (TGF)-β via a RRFR motif. Overexpression of ADAMTS16 induced the activation of TGF-β in cardiac fibroblasts; however, the effects were blocked by a mutation of the RRFR motif to IIFI, knockdown of Adamts16 expression, or a TGF-β-neutralizing antibody (ΝAb). The RRFR tetrapeptide, but not control IIFI peptide, blocked the interaction between ADAMTS16 and LAP-TGF-β, and accelerated the activation of TGF-β in cardiac fibroblasts. In TAC mice, the RRFR tetrapeptide aggravated cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy by up-regulation of ECM proteins, activation of TGF-β, and increased SMAD2/SMAD3 signalling, however, the effects were blocked by TGF-β-NAb. CONCLUSION: ADAMTS16 promotes cardiac fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and HF by facilitating cardiac fibroblasts activation via interacting with and activating LAP-TGF-β signalling. The RRFR motif of ADAMTS16 disrupts the interaction between ADAMTS16 and LAP-TGF-β, activates TGF-β, and aggravated cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. This study identifies a novel regulator of TGF-β signalling and cardiac fibrosis, and provides a new target for the development of therapeutic treatment of cardiac fibrosis and HF
A multinode quantum network over a metropolitan area
Towards realizing the future quantum internet, a pivotal milestone entails
the transition from two-node proof-of-principle experiments conducted in
laboratories to comprehensive, multi-node setups on large scales. Here, we
report on the debut implementation of a multi-node entanglement-based quantum
network over a metropolitan area. We equipped three quantum nodes with atomic
quantum memories and their telecom interfaces, and combined them into a
scalable phase-stabilized architecture through a server node. We demonstrated
heralded entanglement generation between two quantum nodes situated 12.5 km
apart, and the storage of entanglement exceeding the round-trip communication
time. We also showed the concurrent entanglement generation on three links. Our
work provides a metropolitan-scale testbed for the evaluation and exploration
of multi-node quantum network protocols and starts a new stage of quantum
internet research.Comment: 21 pages in total, 4 figures and 1 table in the main text, 5 figures
and 8 tables in the supplementary materia
Promoter hypomethylation, especially around the E26 transformation-specific motif, and increased expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 in BRCA-mutated serous ovarian cancer
Tahyna Virus and Human Infection, China
In 2006, Tahyna virus was isolated from Culex spp. mosquitoes collected in Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China. In 2007, to determine whether this virus was infecting humans, we tested serum from febrile patients. We found immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG against the virus, which suggests human infection in this region
Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment
This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and
W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with
the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and
the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto
the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions
f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV
and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw
> 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour,
are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017
+/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second
include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables,
revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio
Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS
The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at
the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS
detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4
fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to
Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks
corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new
structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is
also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes.
This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table,
corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter
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