PERANCANGAN FASILITAS PEDESTRIAN DI JALAN Dr. SETIABUDHI KOTA BANDUNG

Fasilitas pedestrian sangat penting untuk mengakomodasi kegiatan berjalan di Kota Bandung. Namun, pemerintah belum menganggap penting dan belum menaruh fasilitas pedestrian sebagai satu kesatuan sistem transportasi. Selama ini fasilitas pedestrian hanya menjadi pelengkap pembangunan jalan, dibangun seadanya, tidak memperhatikan tingkat keselamatan, keamanan, kenyamanan dan keindahan didalam perancangan fasilitas pedestrian. Studi ini bertujuan untuk merancang fasilitas pedestrian yang layak di Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi Kota Bandung (studi kasus : pertemuan Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi-Jalan Sukajadi Hingga Sub Terminal Ledeng). Dengan melakukan observasi untuk melihat potensi dan persoalan yang terjadi (secara teknis). Kemudian mengumpulkan data dan informasi dengan melakukan wawancara kepada pihak terkait yang diidentifikasi dari hasil observasi lapangan (pengelolaan). Dari sini didapatkan potensi dan persoalan mengenai fasilitas pedestrian menurut aspek teknis dan penilaian dari setiap responden. Menurut hasil analisis, pengukuran tingkat pelayanan trotoar, diketahui bahwa tingkat pelayanan trotoar pada tiap segmen diwilayah studi berbeda. Tingkat pelayanan trotoar yang diteliti ternyata memang berada pada LOS D pada segmen 1, berarti pelayanan trotoar yang diteliti tidak cukup baik menampung volume lalu-lintas pedestrian diatasnya. Terlihat beberapa trotoar dengan kategori C pada segmen 2 dan 3 yang berarti ruang yang disediakan oleh trotoar masih cukup baik dengan pejalan berjalan dengan kecepatan normal dibatasi dan sulit untuk mendahului pejalan lain yang melalui jalur itu, selain itu dimana tingkat pelayanan untuk fasilitas pedestrian yang kurang baik dari tingkat keselamatan, keamanan dan kenyamanan pejalan kaki yang di wilayah studi. Penanganan masalah perancangan fasilitas pedestrian secara garis besar meliputi peningkatan pelayanan fasilitas pedestrian pada LOS A baik dari jalur pejalan kaki maupun ketersediaan pelengkap jalur pejalan kaki. Setelah penanganan masalah yang dilakukan maka tingkat pelayanan fasilitas pedestrian diharapkan akan membaik bagi pejalan kaki baik dari tingkat keselamatan, keamanan maupun kenyamanannya

PENGARUH JENIS PLASTICIZER DAN KONSENTRASI LILIN LEBAH (Beeswax) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK EDIBLE FILM SEMIREFINED KARAGENAN (E.cottoni)

Latar belakang dari penelitian ini adalah dari keprihatinan banyaknya jenis kemasan pangan yang tidak ramah lingkungan beredar luas di masyarakat. Selain itu, kemasan yang ada di pasaran juga tidak baik untuk dikonsumsi untuk jangka waktu panjang karena dapat mengakibatkan gangguan kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian pembuatan edible film dari semirefined karagenan dan lilin lebah adalah untuk memberikan pilihan kemasan pada masyarakat untuk menggunakan kemasan pangan yang bisa langsung dikonsumsi dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahapan yaitu penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian utama. Penelitian pendahuluan bertujuan untuk menentukan kisaran konsentrasi semirefined karagenan yang akan digunakan pada penelitian utama. Penelitian utama bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis plasticizer terbaik dan konsentrasi optimum dari lilin lebah yang digunakan pada pembuatan edible film. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Kemudian parameter yang diamati adalah kenampakan edible film secara organoleptik, karakteristik secara kimianya yaitu kadar air lalu karakteristik secara fisiknya yang meliputi persen pemanjangan dan kuat tarik. Hasil penelitian pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi karagenan 3% menghasilkan kenampakan edible film yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan dua konsentrasi lain yang diuji. Dari hasil penelitian utama diketahui bahwa perlakuan konsentrasi lilin lebah berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakteristik edible film. Edible film terbaik dihasilkan dari perlakuan penambahan semirefined karagenan 3,0%, gliserol 3%, dan lilin lebah 1% dengan persentase kadar air 26,75%, pemanjangan 24,877% dan kuat Tarik 6,6246 MPa. Kata kunci: edible film, plasticizer, semirefined karagenan, lilin lebah

Is famine exposure during developmental life in rural Bangladesh associated with a metabolic and epigenetic signature in young adulthood? A historical cohort study

Objectives Famine exposure in utero can ‘programme’ an individual towards type 2 diabetes and obesity in later life. We sought to identify, (1) whether Bangladeshis exposed to famine during developmental life are programmed towards diabetes and obesity, (2) whether this programming was specific to gestational or postnatal exposure windows and (3) whether epigenetic differences were associated with famine exposure. Design A historical cohort study was performed as part of a wider cross-sectional survey. Exposure to famine was defined through birth date and historical records and participants were selected according to: (A) exposure to famine in postnatal life, (B) exposure to famine during gestation and (C) unexposed. Setting Matlab, a rural area in the Chittagong division of Bangladesh. Participants Young adult men and women (n=190) recruited to a historical cohort study with a randomised subsample included in an epigenetic study (n=143). Outcome measures Primary outcome measures of weight, body mass index and oral glucose tolerance tests (0 and 120 min glucose). Secondary outcome measures included DNA methylation using genome-wide and targeted analysis of metastable epialleles sensitive to maternal nutrition. Results More young adults exposed to famine in gestation were underweight than those postnatally exposed or unexposed. In contrast, more young adults exposed to famine postnatally were overweight compared to those gestationally exposed or unexposed. Underweight adults exposed to famine in gestation in utero were hyperglycaemic following a glucose tolerance test, and those exposed postnatally had elevated fasting glucose, compared to those unexposed. Significant differences in DNA methylation at seven metastable epialleles (VTRNA2-1, PAX8, PRDM-9, near ZFP57, near BOLA, EXD3) known to vary with gestational famine exposure were identified. Conclusions Famine exposure in developmental life programmed Bangladeshi offspring towards diabetes and obesity in adulthood but gestational and postnatal windows of exposure had variable effects on phenotype. DNA methylation differences were replicated at previously identified metastable epialleles sensitive to periconceptual famine exposure

Rare Earth Element Adsorption to Clay Minerals: Mechanistic Insights and Implications for Recovery from Secondary Sources

\ua9 2024 American Chemical Society.The energy transition will have significant mineral demands and there is growing interest in recovering critical metals, including rare earth elements (REE), from secondary sources in aqueous and sedimentary environments. However, the role of clays in REE transport and deposition in these settings remains understudied. This work investigated REE adsorption to the clay minerals illite and kaolinite through pH adsorption experiments and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Clay type, pH, and ionic strength (IS) affected adsorption, with decreased adsorption under acidic pH and elevated IS. Illite had a higher adsorption capacity than kaolinite; however, >95% adsorption was achieved at pH ∼7.5 regardless of IS or clay. These results were used to develop a surface complexation model with the derived binding constants used to predict REE speciation in the presence of competing sorbents. This demonstrated that clays become increasingly important as pH increases, and EXAFS modeling showed that REE can exist as both inner- and outer-sphere complexes. Together, this indicated that clays can be an important control on the transport and enrichment of REE in sedimentary systems. These findings can be applied to identify settings to target for resource extraction or to predict REE transport and fate as a contaminant

Metabolomics to unveil and understand phenotypic diversity between pathogen populations

Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by a parasite called Leishmania donovani, which every year infects about half a million people and claims several thousand lives. Existing treatments are now becoming less effective due to the emergence of drug resistance. Improving our understanding of the mechanisms used by the parasite to adapt to drugs and achieve resistance is crucial for developing future treatment strategies. Unfortunately, the biological mechanism whereby Leishmania acquires drug resistance is poorly understood. Recent years have brought new technologies with the potential to increase greatly our understanding of drug resistance mechanisms. The latest mass spectrometry techniques allow the metabolome of parasites to be studied rapidly and in great detail. We have applied this approach to determine the metabolome of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant parasites isolated from patients with leishmaniasis. The data show that there are wholesale differences between the isolates and that the membrane composition has been drastically modified in drug-resistant parasites compared with drug-sensitive parasites. Our findings demonstrate that untargeted metabolomics has great potential to identify major metabolic differences between closely related parasite strains and thus should find many applications in distinguishing parasite phenotypes of clinical relevance

Compliance with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea among privately paying patients- a cross sectional study

Background: To evaluate the compliance, benefits and side effects associated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy among Pakistani patients treated for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in private sector.Methods: Patients diagnosed to have OSA based on overnight study who were recommended for CPAP therapy, between 1998 and 2003, were evaluated by telephonic survey and review of hospital notes. Compliance, benefits and side effects associated with CPAP therapy were assessed.Results: Out of 135 patients who were prescribed CPAP therapy, 75 could be contacted. Sixty (80%) started using CPAP within one month of diagnosis and 46 (61%) continued to use it long-term (beyond one year). Compliance with CPAP therapy was associated with higher body mass index, higher Epworth sleepiness scale score, history of witnessed apnea, and reduction in daytime sleepiness with CPAP therapy. OSA severity as assessed by apnea-hypopnea index did not affect compliance with CPAP therapy. Use of anti-depressants and CPAP induced sleep disturbances were associated with poor compliance with CPAP therapy.CONCLUSIONS: Obesity, excessive daytime sleepiness, witnessed apnea and improvement of daytime symptoms following use of CPAP were predictors of improved compliance. Use of antidepressants and CPAP induced sleep disturbances were predictors of poor compliance

Structure–properties relationships in fibre drawing of bioactive phosphate glasses

New bioactive phosphate glasses suitable for continuous fibre production are investigated in this work. The structure of both bulk and fibres from Na2O–CaO–MgO–P2O5 glasses has been studied by means of Raman and 31P and 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and the structural results have been correlated with the mechanical properties of the fibres and the dissolution rate of the bulk glasses. It has been observed that the mechanical properties of the phosphate glass fibres are influenced by the glass network connectivity, while the dissolution rates are governed by the Qi speciation of the PO4 units. As seen in previous studies, molar volume seems to play an important role in the fragility behaviour of phosphate glasses. Here, a lower molar volume resulting from the increase in the oxygen packing density hinders the cooperative flow of the PO4 units throughout the glass network and, therefore, causes a reduction in the kinetic fragility

Measuring the health of the Indian elderly: evidence from National Sample Survey data

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Comparable health measures across different sets of populations are essential for describing the distribution of health outcomes and assessing the impact of interventions on these outcomes. Self-reported health (SRH) is a commonly used indicator of health in household surveys and has been shown to be predictive of future mortality. However, the susceptibility of SRH to influence by individuals' expectations complicates its interpretation and undermines its usefulness.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This paper applies the empirical methodology of Lindeboom and van Doorslaer (2004) to investigate elderly health in India using data from the 52^ndround of the National Sample Survey conducted in 1995-96 that includes both an SRH variable as well as a range of objective indicators of disability and ill health. The empirical testing was conducted on stratified homogeneous groups, based on four factors: gender, education, rural-urban residence, and region.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We find that region generally has a significant impact on how women perceive their health. Reporting heterogeneity can arise not only from cut-point shifts, but also from differences in health effects by objective health measures. In contrast, we find little evidence of reporting heterogeneity due to differences in gender or educational status within regions. Rural-urban residence does matter in some cases. The findings are robust with different specifications of objective health indicators.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our exercise supports the thesis that the region of residence is associated with different cut-points and reporting behavior on health surveys. We believe this is the first paper that applies the Lindeboom-van Doorslaer methodology to data on the elderly in a developing country, showing the feasibility of applying this methodology to data from many existing cross-sectional health surveys.</p