Çerçeveli Binalarda Kolon Eksenel Deformasyonlarının Yanal Ötelenmeye Etkisi

Konferans Bildirisi -- Teorik ve Uygulamalı Mekanik Türk Milli Komitesi, 2015Conference Paper -- Theoretical and Applied Mechanical Turkish National Committee, 2015Yapıların ötelenmesi, gerekli bina rijitliğinin sağlanmasında önemli bir göstergesidir. Günümüzde yapıların ötelenmesi, bilgisayar programları ile yapılan analizler ile elde edilmektedir. Yapı ötelenmeleri bilgisayar programları ile hesaplansa bile, uygulamacı mühendisin pratik formüllere ihtiyacı vardır. Aşırı yanal ötelenme, yapının hasar görmesine neden olabilir. Yanal ötelenmelerin sınırlandırılması bu hasarı önleyebilir. Bu nedenle yapıda meydana gelen yanal ötelenmelerin doğru bir şekilde belirlenmesi önemli bir konu olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, çerçeveli binalarda kolon eksenel deformasyonlarının yanal ötelenmeye etkisi incelenmiştir. Çözümlemelerde çerçeveli yapıların ötelenmesi için literatürde önerilen genel diferansiyel denklemler düzenlenerek analitik ilişkiler elde edilmiştir. İlk olarak, diferansiyel denklem sonuçları SAP 2000 analiz programı sonuçları ile kıyaslanmıştır. Daha sonra diferansiyel denklemler yardımıyla çerçeveli bir bina üzerinde kolon eksenel deformasyonlarının ötelenmeye etkisi incelenmiştir.The story drift of the structure is an important indicator for providing required stiffness. Nowadays, computer programs are used to determine the drift in the structures together with structural analysis. Even, structural drifts are calculated by computer programs, engineer needs a quick and realistic solution method. The large lateral displacement can cause damage to the structure. The limited lateral displacement can prevent this damage. Therefore, accurate determination of lateral sway in building is an important subject. In this study, the effects of column axial deformations are examined on sway of framed buildings. Analytical relations are obtained by utilizing the general differential equations given in literature. Firstly, the results of differential equations are compared with SAP 2000 program results. Then, the effects of column axial deformations are examined on sway of framed building by using differential equations

The Effects of Material Properties on Building Performance

In recent earthquakes during the last two decades, severe damages have been occurred on the existing buildings in Turkey. Destructive earthquakes revealed that the existing building stock in urban regions is significantly vulnerable to seismic hazard. A large number of residential buildings located in regions of high seismicity require performance evaluation before the next big earthquake hits the region. In many earthquake resistant codes, several procedures are proposed to determine the building performance. The investigations on the damaged buildings show that material strengths are very important parameters on the building performance. In this study, material strengths’ effects on the building performance were investigated by using a nonlinear elastic analysis method

Plandaki dolgu duvar yerleşiminin bina performansı üzerindeki etkisi

Dolgu duvarlar konut türü betonarme binalarda genellikle mimari amaçla mekânları bölmek için kullanılırlar. Bu çalışmada, dolgu duvarların binanın davranışına ve deprem performansına olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla farklı açıklık sayısına ve kat adedine sahip konut türü betonarme binalar model olarak seçilmiştir. Dolgu duvarlı ve dolgu duvarsız olarak tasarlanan bu binaların deprem performansı doğrusal elastik olmayan değerlendirme yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Dolgu duvar miktarı ve yerleşimi değişiminin binanın kapasite eğrisi, birinci doğal periyodu, hedef yer değiştirme istemi, birinci kat kolonlarına ait hasar dağılımı, bina performans seviyesi üzerindeki etkileri seçilen binalar üzerinde incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar dolgu duvar yerleşiminin, bina davranışını önemli derece etkilediğini göstermiştir. Bu nedenle binaların deprem performansını tanımlamada daha doğru sonuçlar elde edebilmek için çözümlemelerde dolgu duvarların dikkate alınması gerekmektedir. Burada dolgu duvarın özelliklerinin doğru bir şekilde tanımlanmasının önemini de vurgulamak gerekir.Masonry infill walls are generally used for the purpose of architectural design, which are placed for dividing the areas of residential reinforced concrete buildings. In this study, the effects of infill wall were investigated on structural behavior and seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. For this purpose, the residential RC buildings with different number of span in plan and story were selected as model. The seismic performances of buildings, which are with or without infill walls, were determined by using nonlinear static analysis method. The effects of changes in the amount and placement of the infill walls on capacity curve of building, the first fundamental period, target displacement, damage level of columns in the base floor, and building performance level were investigated in the selected buildings. The obtained results showed that placement of infill wall significantly affected building behavior. Therefore, replacement of infill wall should be taken into account in determining and evaluating the seismic performances of the buildings in order to obtain more accurate and realistic results. It is also important to note that the properties of infill walls should be accurately defined in structural analyses

Experimental investigation of parameters affecting behavior of reinforced concrete beams

Kiriş elemanlar, döşemelerden gelen düşey yükler ile deprem, rüzgar yükü gibi yatay yüklerin kolon elemanlara aktarılmasını sağlarlar. Dolayısıyla kirişlerin kapasite değerlerine etki eden parametrelerin net olarak ortaya konulması, kolonların kapasitesinin belirlenmesi kadar önem taşımaktadır. Ülkemizdeki mevcut betonarme binaların büyük çoğunluğunda beton basınç dayanımının proje dayanımından düşük olması, çekme donatısı oranının ve etriye aralığının yönetmeliklerde verilen sınır değerlere uygun olmaması karşılaşılan temel kusurlar arasında sayılabilir. Bu çalışmada, kiriş elemanlarda, beton dayanımı, çekme donatısı miktarı ve etriye aralığı parametrelerinin kiriş kapasitesi üzerindeki etkisi ½ ölçekli 16 adet betonarme kiriş numune üzerinde deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Numuneler üç noktalı eğilme testine maruz bırakılmış ve her bir numunenin yük taşıma kapasitesi, sünekliği, enerji tüketme kapasitesi ve rijitliği hesaplanarak yorumlanmıştır. Literatürde özellikle çok düşük beton basınç dayanımına sahip kirişlerin deneysel çalışmaları oldukça az sayıdadır. Bu nedenle yapılan çalışma kapsamında üç farklı seviyede düşük beton dayanımı dikkate alınmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlardan beton dayanımının 5 MPa olan numunede etriye sıklaştırmasının davranış açısından çok katkısı bulunmazken, 7 ve 9 MPa beton dayanımına sahip numunelerde hasarın daha ileri aşamalara taşınmasında katkı sağladığı görülmüştür.Beam elements provide the transfer of vertical loads from the slabs and horizontal loads such as earthquake and wind loads to the column elements. Therefore, clearly revealing the parameters that affect the capacity values of the beams is as important as determining the capacity of the columns. The main defects encountered are the fact that the concrete compressive strength is lower than the project strength, ratio of tensile reinforcement and stirrup spacing are not in compliance with the limit values given in the regulations in the vast majority of existing reinforced concrete buildings in our country. In this study, the effects of concrete strength, amount of tensile reinforcement and stirrup spacing parameters on beam capacity were experimentally investigated on ½ scale 16 reinforced concrete beam specimens. The specimens were subjected to three-point bending test and the load carrying capacity, ductility, energy dissipation capacity and stiffness of each sample were calculated and interpreted. Experimental studies of beams with very low concrete compressive strength are insufficient in the literature. For this reason, three different levels of low concrete strength were taken into account within the scope of the study. From the results obtained, it was seen that the stirrup densification did not contribute much to the behavior in the specimen with concrete strength of 5 MPa, while it contributed to the further development of the damage in specimens with concrete strength of 7 and 9 MPa.Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi (3419-YL1-13

Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Turkish adult population epidemiology of sleep study

Sleep disorders constitute an important public health problem. Prevalence of sleep disorders in Turkish adult population was investigated in a nationwide representative sample of 5021 Turkish adults (2598 women and 2423 men, response rate: 91%) by an interviewer‐administered questionnaire. Insomnia was defined by the DSM‐IV criteria, habitual snoring and risk for sleep‐related breathing disorders (SDB) by the Berlin questionnaire, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) by the Epworth sleepiness scale score, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) by the complaints according to the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria. Mean age of the participants was 40.7 ± 15.1 (range 18 to 90) years. Prevalence rates (men/women) were insomnia 15.3% (10.5%/20.2%; P < 0.001), high probability of SDB 13.7% (11.1%/20.2%; P < 0.001), EDS 5.4% (5.0%/5.7%; P: 0.09), RLS 5.2% (3.0%/7.3%; P < 0.001). Aging and female gender were associated with higher prevalence of sleep disorders except for habitual snoring. Prevalence rates of the sleep disorders among Turkish adults based on the widely used questionnaires were close to the lower end of the previous estimates reported from different parts of the world. These findings would help for the assessment of the health burden of sleep disorders and addressing the risk groups for planning and implementation of health care

Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.Peer reviewe

Acardiac twin: report of a case and review of the literature

An acardiac twin is a rare complication of monozygotic multiple pregnancies and is related to the twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence. We report here a case of acardiac twin gestation

MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME OF INTRA-ABDOMINAL INTRAUTERINE DEVICES

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic methods, management and treatment for intrauterine devices being displaced into the abdominal cavity. Design: Retrospective clinical study Setting: This retrospective study was conducted between 1980 and 2004 at the Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Isparta Women’s and Children’s Hospital. Patients: Eleven patients with displaced intra-abdominal intrauterine device Main Outcome Measures: Eleven patients with displaced intra-abdominal intrauterine device were evaluated with respect to the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestation, state of current IUD use, duration of IUD use and type of clinical management. RESULTS: The mean age was 36.8±1.8 years, and the mean duration of IUD use was 61.82 ±75.93 months. The diagnostic method was ultrasonography in 5 cases, X-ray examination in 5 cases and cystoscopy in 1 case. The IUD location was the rectosigmoid in 4 cases (36%), the ligamentum latum in 2 cases (18%), the small bowel in 3 cases (27%), vesicouterine space in 1 case (9%) and the bladder in 1 case (9%). The type of IUDs was Cu-T 380A in 7 patients (63%), Lippes- Loop in 2 patients (18%) and Multiload 375 in 2 patients (18%). 45% of the patients were asymptomatic. Removal was performed by laparoscopy (n=8, 72%), laparotomy (n=2, 18%), laparotomy+cystostomy (n=1, 9%). CONCLUSIONS: Although we removed all the intraabdominal intrauterine devices, the removal of an asymptomatic displaced IUD is controvertial. A surgical intervention may cause more adhesions rather than preventing adhesion formation