Formação profissional integrada ao ensino médio: um estudo de caso com estudante surdo

This study, inserted in the Teaching Area, in the Educational Practices in Vocational Education research theme, and of applied nature, was conceived from the demand of inclusive educational practices for deaf students enrolled in Integrated High School Vocational Program at a Federal Institute in the southeast of Brazil, and aims at understanding how a deaf student learns a complex concept. To do so, an educational product was elaborated, implemented and evaluated focusing on teaching activities about the concept of Matrix, prioritizing the participant’s learning specificities. The research, a case study with only one participant enrolled in the Vocational Computing Program, generated data from the study of institutional documents and texts from database, interviews, learning activities and teaching procedures from a guiding theme. Data analysis indicates that if methodological teaching procedures are regularly adopted with a view to respecting the learning specificities of deaf students, added to inclusive educational resources, they will have more opportunities to learn complex concepts when inserted in non-bilingual educational contexts. However, the study warns about the need to expand the number of participants in order to corroborate, refute and/or enlarge the results of the present study.Este estudio, insertado en el Área de Enseñanza, en la línea de investigación Prácticas educativas en educación vocacional, y de naturaleza aplicada, fue concebido a partir de la demanda de prácticas educativas inclusivas para estudiantes sordos de cursos técnicos integrados de la escuela secundaria en un Instituto Federal de la región sur del Brasil, y tiene como objetivo comprender cómo el estudiante sordo aprende un concepto complejo. Para eso, se elaboró, implementó y evaluó un producto educativo con actividades de enseñanza sobre el concepto de Matrix, priorizando las particularidades del aprendizaje de este estudiante. La investigación, un estudio de caso con uno participante, generó datos a partir del estudio de documentos institucionales y textos de bases de datos, entrevistas, actividades de aprendizaje y procedimientos de enseñanza a partir de un tema generador. El análisis indica que si fueran adoptados regularmente procedimientos metodológicos de enseñanza que respeten las especificidades de aprender del estudiante sordo, agregado al uso de recursos educacionales inclusivos, este tendrá más oportunidades de éxito en la adquisición de conceptos complejos cuando inseridos en contextos de enseñanza non-bilingüe. Entretanto, el estudio alerta para la necesidad de ampliar el universo de participantes para corroborar, refutar y/o ampliar los resultados aquí presentados.Este estudo, inserido na Área de Ensino, na linha de pesquisa Práticas Educativas em Educação Profissional e Tecnológica e de natureza aplicada, foi idealizado a partir da demanda de práticas educacionais inclusivas para estudantes Surdos de Cursos Técnicos Integrados ao Ensino Médio de um Instituto Federal da região sul do Brasil, e tem como objetivo compreender como o estudante Surdo aprende um conceito complexo. Para isso, foi elaborado, implementado e avaliado um produto educacional com atividades de ensino sobre o conceito de Matriz, priorizando as particularidades de aprender desse estudante. A pesquisa, um estudo de caso com um único estudante Surdo do Curso Técnico em Informática, gerou dados a partir do estudo de documentos institucionais e textos de base de dados, de entrevistas, de atividades de aprendizagem e de procedimentos de ensino a partir de um tema gerador. A análise dos dados indica que se forem adotadas regularmente procedimentos metodológicos de ensino que respeitem as especificidades de aprender do estudante Surdo, agregado a recursos educacionais inclusivos, este terá mais condições de êxito na aquisição de conceitos complexos quando inseridos em contextos de ensino não-bilíngue. No entanto, o estudo alerta sobre a necessidade de expandir o universo da pesquisa visando corroborar, refutar e/ou aprofundar os resultados aqui apresentados

Identification of a sheath-associated protein involved in phosphate transport in Sphaerotilus natans

Sphaerotilus natans was shown to have a fourfold lower K′ m of phosphate transport when grown in medium containing 0.1 m m phosphate, compared to cells grown in 10.0 m m phosphate. Analysis of sheath proteins from cells grown at these two phosphate levels revealed a protein of 53 kDa present in the sheath of cells grown at a phosphate concentration of 0.1 m m . This sheath-associated, phosphate-regulated protein, designated SapP, was gel purified and used to raise a polyclonal antibody. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to localize this protein to the surface of the sheathed cells. Phosphate uptake assays done in the presence of the antibody also showed a rise in the K′ m of phosphate transport in cells grown in 0.1 m m phosphate, indicating that this protein is involved in high-affinity phosphate transport.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46762/1/253_2004_Article_BF00166797.pd

Cancer recurrence times from a branching process model

As cancer advances, cells often spread from the primary tumor to other parts of the body and form metastases. This is the main cause of cancer related mortality. Here we investigate a conceptually simple model of metastasis formation where metastatic lesions are initiated at a rate which depends on the size of the primary tumor. The evolution of each metastasis is described as an independent branching process. We assume that the primary tumor is resected at a given size and study the earliest time at which any metastasis reaches a minimal detectable size. The parameters of our model are estimated independently for breast, colorectal, headneck, lung and prostate cancers. We use these estimates to compare predictions from our model with values reported in clinical literature. For some cancer types, we find a remarkably wide range of resection sizes such that metastases are very likely to be present, but none of them are detectable. Our model predicts that only very early resections can prevent recurrence, and that small delays in the time of surgery can significantly increase the recurrence probability.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figures, 4 table

Predictors of Enhancing Human Physical Attractiveness: Data from 93 Countries

People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending \u3e10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives

Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112

Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially