PROPOSTA DE PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL EM PERNAMBUCO A PARTIR DE ÓLEO DE FRITURA

Graças à crescente conscientização mundial em relação à preservação do meio ambiente, ressurge a proposta de encontrar alternativas ao uso dos combustíveis de petróleo, tendo os biocombustíveis como principal promessa. Dentre eles, o biodiesel vem sendo usado como substituto do diesel de petróleo, tendo como matéria–prima óleos e gorduras das mais diversas fontes, desde óleos de oleaginosas, a gordura animal, resíduos de esgoto, e óleo e gordura residuais. A presente proposta é de comparar o rendimento e qualidade do biodiesel sintetisado a partir do óleo residual de fritura proveniente de origens diversas, tais como da preparação de pastéis e de batata frita, bem como dos óleos doados por restaurantes e residências. Através da análise do ponto de fulgor, índice de acidez, viscosidade cinemática a 40 ºC, e cromatografia de camada delgada, percebeu–se o sucesso na reação. Entretanto essas análises indicaram que a diferente origem do óleo ocasiona num variado rendimento da reação, encontrando relação direta com o índice de acidez devido ao diferente grau de re–uso do óleo. Apesar disso, após a síntese do biodiesel, todas as amostras apresentam as mesmas propriedades, independentemente da qualidade do óleo de origem. Desse modo, o óleo doado pelas residências apresentou–se como melhor proposta de óleo de fritura na síntese do biodiesel pelo volume doado frente à qualidade do produto bruto, apresentando–se como uma alternativa promissora na produção de biodiesel no Estado de Pernambuco

O lúdico e o experimento como alternativa metodológica em estudo de concepções dos alunos sobre o descarte de óleo de fritura no Meio Ambiente

O jogo didático e o experimento são ferramentas importantes para trabalhar os conteúdos de química. Esses dois recursos são muito discutidos e suas utilizações são bastante pesquisadas. o primeiro instiga o aluno a reflexão e a investigação; o segundo favorece um aprendizado de mais prazeroso, integral e dinâmico. Os dois recursos motivam os alunos a querer aprender. Essa proposta didática foi realizada em uma turma de 2° ano do ensino médio a partir do tema poluição e reciclagem do óleo de fritura promovido pelo programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). A partir desse tema foram trabalhados os conteúdos de ácidos, óxidos e reação endotérmica e exotérmica, tendo em vista que foi ensinado pela professora a dificuldade dos alunos nesses assuntos. o resultado mostra que o jogo é eficiente em motivar a participação dos alunos nas aulas resgatando a sua vontade de aprende

Finite element simulation of nonlinear convective heat and mass transfer in a micropolar fluid-filled enclosure with Rayleigh number effects

A mathematical model is presented to study the double-diffusive convective heat and mass transfer of a micropolar biofluid in a rectangular enclosure, as a model of transport phenomena in a bioreactor. The vertical walls of the enclosure are maintained at constant but different temperatures and concentrations. The conservation equations for linear momentum, angular momentum, energy and species concentration are formulated subject to appropriate boundary conditions and solved using both finite element and finite difference numerical techniques. Results are shown to be in excellent agreement between these methods. Several special cases of the flow regime are discussed. The distributions for streamline, isotemperature, isoconcentration and (isomicrorotation) are presented graphically for different Lewis number, buoyancy parameter, micropolar vortex viscosity parameter, gyration viscosity parameter, Rayleigh number, Prandtl number and micro-inertia parameter. Micropolar material parameters are shown to considerably influence the flow regime. The flow model has important applications in hybrid aerobic bioreactor systems exploiting rheological suspensions e.g. fermentation

Modelling a Historic Oil-Tank Fire Allows an Estimation of the Sensitivity of the Infrared Receptors in Pyrophilous Melanophila Beetles

Pyrophilous jewel beetles of the genus Melanophila approach forest fires and there is considerable evidence that these beetles can detect fires from great distances of more than 60 km. Because Melanophila beetles are equipped with infrared receptors and are also attracted by hot surfaces it can be concluded that these infrared receptors are used for fire detection

Recent advances in lanthanide spectroscopy in Brazil

This review discusses recent advances in lanthanide spectroscopy involving luminescence applications Q2 carried out in Brazil. The revised topics include glasses, sol–gel, light-emitting diodes, nanoparticles, metal–organic frameworks, coordination polymers, thin films, energy transfer processes, upconversion and development of new theoretical tools. The important role played by Prof. Oscar L. Malta on this subject is evidenced by his many contributions to the broad range of investigations reported here and this review is dedicated to him, on the occasion of his 60th birthday

Metrics for optimising the multi-dimensional value of resources recovered from waste in a circular economy: A critical review

© 2017 The Authors - Established assessment methods focusing on resource recovery from waste within a circular economy context consider few or even a single domain/s of value, i.e. environmental, economic, social and technical domains. This partial approach often delivers misleading messages for policy- and decision-makers. It fails to accurately represent systems complexity, and obscures impacts, trade-offs and problem shifting that resource recovery processes or systems intended to promote circular economy may cause. Here, we challenge such partial approaches by critically reviewing the existing suite of environmental, economic, social and technical metrics that have been regularly observed and used in waste management and resource recovery systems' assessment studies, upstream and downstream of the point where waste is generated. We assess the potential of those metrics to evaluate ‘complex value’ of materials, components and products, i.e., the holistic sum of their environmental, economic, social and technical benefits and impacts across the system. Findings suggest that the way resource recovery systems are assessed and evaluated require simplicity, yet must retain a suitable minimum level of detail across all domains of value, which is pivotal for enabling sound decision-making processes. Criteria for defining a suitable set of metrics for assessing resource recovery from waste require them to be simple, transparent and easy to measure, and be both system- and stakeholder-specific. Future developments must focus on providing a framework for the selection of metrics that accurately describe (or at least reliably proxy for) benefits and impacts across all domains of value, enabling effective and transparent analysis of resource recovery form waste in circular economy systems.We gratefully acknowledge support of the UK Natural Environ-ment Research Council (NERC) and the UK Economic and SocialResearch Council (ESRC) who funded this work in the context of‘Complex Value Optimisation for Resource Recovery’(CVORR)project (Grant No. NE/L014149/1)