Relação entre actividade física e consumo nocivo de substâncias. Uma revisão sistemática

Resumen: Introducción: El consumo de sustancias nocivas es el continuo consumo de sustancias como el alcohol, el tabaco u otras drogas, que repercuten a una persona negativamente, cambiando por completo el funcionamiento del cerebro y produciendo conductas peligrosas. Objetivos: Como principal objetivo para esta revisión sistemática es conocer qué papel desempeña la actividad y el ejercicio físicos en relación con el consumo de sustancias nocivas, en base a evidencias científicas de los últimos cinco años. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica a través de la base de datos de la plataforma Web Of Science con el fin de analizar artículos para abordar nuestro tema de trabajo. En esta revisión, se han estudiado 22 artículos que pasaron algunos criterios de elección Resultados y discusión: Los artículos seleccionados tratan sobre diferentes factores que intervienen en la relación que tiene el consumo de sustancias nocivas con la práctica de actividad y ejercicio físicos, así como otros aspectos importantes, que son hábitos saludables. Conclusiones: Existen diferentes disciplinas para prevenir hábitos perjudiciales que afectan a la salud de una persona, como son la práctica de actividad y ejercicio físicos para poder evitar el consumo de sustancias nocivas, o al menos poder reducir este inconveniente.Abstract: Introduction: Harmful substance use is the continued use of substances such as alcohol, tobacco or other drugs, which have a negative impact on a person, completely changing the functioning of the brain and leading to dangerous behaviours. Aim: The main objective of this systematic review is to find out what role physical activity and exercise play in relation to substance use, based on scientific evidence from the last five years Methods: A literature search was conducted through the Web Of Science platform database in order to analyse articles to address our topic of work. In this review, we studied 22 articles that passed some criteria of choice Results & discussion: The selected articles deal with different factors involved in the relationship between the consumption of harmful substances and the practice of physical activity and exercise, as well as other important aspects, which are healthy habits. Conclusions: There are different disciplines to prevent harmful habits that affect a person's health, such as the practice of physical activity and exercise to avoid the consumption of harmful substances, or at least to be able to reduce this inconvenience.Resumo: Introdução: O consumo nocivo de substâncias é o uso continuado de substâncias como o álcool, o tabaco ou outras drogas, que têm um impacto negativo numa pessoa, alterando completamente o funcionamento do cérebro e produzindo comportamentos perigosos. Objectivos: O principal objectivo desta revisão sistemática é descobrir o papel que a actividade física e o exercício desempenham em relação ao abuso de substâncias, com base em provas científicas dos últimos cinco anos. Objectivos: O principal objectivo desta revisão sistemática é descobrir qual o papel que a actividade física e o exercício desempenham em relação ao consumo de substâncias, com base em provas científicas dos últimos cinco anos Métodos: Foi efectuada uma pesquisa bibliográfica através da base de dados da plataforma Web Of Science com o objectivo de analisar artigos que abordassem o nosso tema de trabalho. Nesta revisão, estudámos 22 artigos que passaram por alguns critérios de escolha Resultados e Discussão: Os artigos seleccionados abordam diferentes factores envolvidos na relação entre o consumo de substâncias nocivas e a prática de actividade física e exercício, bem como outros aspectos importantes, que são os hábitos saudáveis Conclusões: Existem diferentes disciplinas para prevenir os hábitos nocivos que afectam a saúde de uma pessoa, como a prática de actividade física e de exercício para evitar o consumo de substâncias nocivas ou, pelo menos, para poder reduzir esse inconveniente

Magnetic Fields in Massive Star-forming Regions (MagMaR). I. Linear Polarized Imaging of the Ultracompact H II Region G5.89-0.39

We report 1.2 mm polarized continuum emission observations carried out with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array toward the high-mass star formation region G5.89-0.39. The observations show a prominent 0.2 pc north-south filamentary structure. The ultracompact H ii region in G5.89-0.39 breaks the filament into two pieces. Its millimeter emission shows a dusty belt with a mass of 55-115 M o˙ and 4500 au in radius, surrounding an inner part comprising mostly ionized gas, with dust emission only accounting for about 30% of the total millimeter emission. We also found a lattice of convex arches that may be produced by dragged dust and gas from the explosive dispersal event involving the O5 Feldt's star. The north-south filament has a mass between 300 and 600 M o˙ and harbors a cluster of about 20 mm envelopes with a median size and mass of 1700 au and 1.5 M o˙, respectively, some of which are already forming protostars. We interpret the polarized emission in the filament as mainly coming from magnetically aligned dust grains. The polarization fraction is ∼4.4% in the filaments and 2.1% at the shell. The magnetic fields are along the North Filament and perpendicular to the South Filament. In the Central Shell, the magnetic fields are roughly radial in a ring surrounding the dusty belt between 4500 and 7500 au, similar to the pattern recently found in the surroundings of Orion BN/KL. This may be an independent observational signpost of explosive dispersal outflows and should be further investigated in other regions.P.S. was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI No. 18H01259) of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). L.A.Z. acknowledges financial support from CONACyT-280775 and UNAM-PAPIIT IN110618 grants, México. C.L.H.H. acknowledges the support of the NAOJ Fellowship and JSPS KAKENHI grants 18K13586 and 20K14527. J.M.G. is supported by the grant AYA2017-84390-C2-R (AEI/FEDER, EU). K.T. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No. 20H05645. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc

Computer-assisted evaluation of sperm vitality in humans

En la actualidad una de cada seis parejas presenta problemas de fertilidad y en el 50% de los casos se debe al factor masculino. A la fecha, el análisis seminal es la única prueba que permite determinar el potencial fértil de un hombre. Entre otros parámetros, la viabilidad espermática es evaluada manualmente presentando una variabilidad debido a la subjetividad producida por la fatiga ocular del experto. El propósito de este trabajo fue desarrollar y validar experimentalmente una herramienta computacional flexible, programable y modular basada en el procesamiento digital de imágenes, para la identificación y clasificación de espermatozoides humanos en una muestra seminal. Las regiones fueron extraídas mediante la técnica de análisis discriminante de Fisher y su clasificación se realizó a través del análisis de agrupamiento y particularmente la técnica de K-medias. Los resultados obtenidos muestran 87,9% de exactitud en la identificación de los espermatozoides vivos y los espermatozoides muertos, 93,4% de efectividad para detectar espermatozoides vivos y 76% de efectividad para detectar los espermatozoides muertos, a partir de un conjunto de 110 imágenes obtenidas de 14 individuos, en comparación con el análisis manual acorde a los procedimientos establecidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. La herramienta computacional mostrada aquí contribuye al análisis objetivo de espermatozoides humanos, convirtiéndose en una alternativa a los costosos sistemas comerciales de análisis seminal asistido por computador.Currently one out of six couples present fertility problems, with 50% of the cases being due to the male. Until now, seminal fluid analysis is the only test that evaluates a male’s fertility potential. Among other parameters, sperm viability is manually assessed, which contributes to high data variability as a result of expert subjectivity and eye-fatigue. The purpose of the present study was to develop and experimentally validate a flexible, programmable and modular-based computational tool for digital image processing, identification and classification of human sperm in a semen sample. The regions were extracted using Fisher discriminant analysis and classification methods by cluster analysis and particularly the K-means technique. The results show 87.9% accuracy in identifying living and dead sperm, 93.4% effectiveness in detecting live sperm and 76% effectiveness in detecting dead sperm, from a set of 110 images obtained from 14 individuals, compared with manual analysis according to the procedures established by the World Health Organization. This computational tool contributes to the objective analysis of human sperm, becoming an alternative to expensive commercial systems for computer-assisted semen analysi

Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns

This paper provides an analysis of the distribution patterns of marine biodiversity and summarizes the major activities of the Census of Marine Life program in the Caribbean region. The coastal Caribbean region is a large marine ecosystem (LME) characterized by coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrasses, but including other environments, such as sandy beaches and rocky shores. These tropical ecosystems incorporate a high diversity of associated flora and fauna, and the nations that border the Caribbean collectively encompass a major global marine biodiversity hot spot. We analyze the state of knowledge of marine biodiversity based on the geographic distribution of georeferenced species records and regional taxonomic lists. A total of 12,046 marine species are reported in this paper for the Caribbean region. These include representatives from 31 animal phyla, two plant phyla, one group of Chromista, and three groups of Protoctista. Sampling effort has been greatest in shallow, nearshore waters, where there is relatively good coverage of species records; offshore and deep environments have been less studied. Additionally, we found that the currently accepted classification of marine ecoregions of the Caribbean did not apply for the benthic distributions of five relatively well known taxonomic groups. Coastal species richness tends to concentrate along the Antillean arc (Cuba to the southernmost Antilles) and the northern coast of South America (Venezuela – Colombia), while no pattern can be observed in the deep sea with the available data. Several factors make it impossible to determine the extent to which these distribution patterns accurately reflect the true situation for marine biodiversity in general: (1) highly localized concentrations of collecting effort and a lack of collecting in many areas and ecosystems, (2) high variability among collecting methods, (3) limited taxonomic expertise for many groups, and (4) differing levels of activity in the study of different taxa

Correlation between work impairment, scores of rhinitis severity and asthma using the MASK-air (R) App

Background In allergic rhinitis, a relevant outcome providing information on the effectiveness of interventions is needed. In MASK-air (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network), a visual analogue scale (VAS) for work is used as a relevant outcome. This study aimed to assess the performance of the work VAS work by comparing VAS work with other VAS measurements and symptom-medication scores obtained concurrently. Methods All consecutive MASK-air users in 23 countries from 1 June 2016 to 31 October 2018 were included (14 189 users; 205 904 days). Geolocalized users self-assessed daily symptom control using the touchscreen functionality on their smart phone to click on VAS scores (ranging from 0 to 100) for overall symptoms (global), nose, eyes, asthma and work. Two symptom-medication scores were used: the modified EAACI CSMS score and the MASK control score for rhinitis. To assess data quality, the intra-individual response variability (IRV) index was calculated. Results A strong correlation was observed between VAS work and other VAS. The highest levels for correlation with VAS work and variance explained in VAS work were found with VAS global, followed by VAS nose, eye and asthma. In comparison with VAS global, the mCSMS and MASK control score showed a lower correlation with VAS work. Results are unlikely to be explained by a low quality of data arising from repeated VAS measures. Conclusions VAS work correlates with other outcomes (VAS global, nose, eye and asthma) but less well with a symptom-medication score. VAS work should be considered as a potentially useful AR outcome in intervention studies.Peer reviewe

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic