Domestic hot water consumption prediction models suited for dwellings in central-southern parts of Chile

Domestic hot water (DHW) consumption in dwellings can play a key role in the development of policies that are focused on energy poverty, and in improving energy efficiency, among other aspects. There is an important variability observed with DHW among different countries due to technical, sociological, climatic, and economic factors. Most studies that deal with DHW predictions are based on stochastic models, and only a few apply time series or statistical methods. In the case of Chile, the country is undergoing a policy development process, and there is little information about DHW consumption. As a result, it is fundamental to have DHW consumption prediction models that are focused on dwelling. For this reason, the study analysed the possibility of using time series models to make future estimations about monthly domestic hot water (DHW) consumption. To this end, consumption data obtained from 98 apartments between 2015 and 2021 were used, and 3 approaches were applied namely, exponential smoothing, basic structural model (BSM), and state-space model (SSM). The results showed that exponential smoothing and state-space methods allowed to obtain satisfactory results with regard to percentage error and confidence levels. Therefore, these models could be used to make future estimations of domestic hot water (DHW) consumption

Do we need complex and multidimensional indicators to assess energy poverty? The case of the Chilean indicator

Energy poverty is a multidimensional and complex phenomenon, and several indicators have been developed to evaluate and quantify it. However, often greater complexity does not mean greater precision. In the case of Chile, the Energy Poverty Network established the Three-dimensional and Territorial Indicator of Energy Poverty (EPTTI in Spanish) to assess the energy poverty situation of Chilean families. The EPTTI is based on a multidimensional approach with 10 indicators. Although, their evaluation involves resources that may hinder a practical application. This study analyzed the consistency between the individual responses of an indicator and the adapted EPTTI evaluation, using a database of 641 families. The results show that the excessive energy expenditure and the type and energy source of heating systems indicators are the variables with the greatest influence on energy poverty assessments. These results served to both propose simplified approaches for energy poverty assessment with the indicator, and establish policies of action that regional governments should address to reduce the situation of energy povertyNational Agency for Research and Development (ANID, in Spanish)Confort ambiental y pobreza energ´etica (+CO-PE)” of the University of the Bío-Bío, the Thematic Network 722RT0135 “Red Iberoamericana de Pobreza Energ´etica y Bienestar Ambiental” (RIPEBA)Thematic Networks of the CYTED Program for 2021Universidad de Granada / CBU

Creacion de pautas de trabajo para mantenciones programadas realizadas por PVS Ltda. a equipos de Cementos Bio Bio, Talcahuano

91 p.La realización de este trabajo fue incentivado principalmente por la falta de información que poseía la empresa PSV respecto de los equipos de Cementos Bio-Bio, planta Talcahuano, debido a la falta de acceso a los sistemas informáticos de esta empresa, esta información era requerida para el mejor control y mayor confiabilidad en los trabajos ejecutados en mantenciones programadas, para ello se decidió crear pautas de trabajo, con las cuales el personal ejecutor del trabajo y los supervisores podrían realizar mejor sus labores, para lograr este objetivo se debió realizar distintos listado, como por ejemplo listado de áreas, equipos y componentes de equipos, estos listados se obtuvieron desde un listado histórico de ordenes de trabajo de SAP, el cual posee Cementos Bio-Bio, este listado se desgloso por áreas y de acuerdo a esto se analizo y decidió seleccionar los equipos con mayor cantidad de mantenciones programadas, al haber seleccionados los equipos estos se desglosaron por componentes para posteriormente buscar información técnica de estos y así se obtuvo una visión mas clara de las revisiones que se realizan a estos, con toda esta información mas la que se obtuvo de los listados se creo un formato para las pautas y al obtener esté se pudo crear las diferentes pautas para los distintos equipos, al crear estas pautas se pudo concluir que estas aparte de facilitar el trabajo en mantenciones programadas sirvieron para enviar los informes de los trabajos ejecutados por PSV a los encargados de mantención de Cementos Bio-Bio

Physicochemical and nutraceutical characterization of sirimbache fruit (Gaultheria glomerata (Cav.) Sleumer)

ABSTRACT The consumption of vegetables with the greatest nutraceutical potential, especially those with high levels of antioxidants such as anthocyanin and phenolic compounds, has become popular among health conscious consumers. The aim of this research was to determine the nutraceutical potential of sirimbache fruits (Gaultheria glomerata (Cav.) Sleumer). Characterization of the berries resulted in the following: 11.4 °Brix, 3.25 pH, 0.35% acidity, 83.74% moisture, 0.16% ash, monomeric anthocyanins (112.88 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside / 100 g of sample), total phenolic compounds (344.37 mg of gallic acid / 100 g of sample) and vitamin C (13.87 mg ascorbic acid/ 100 g of sample). These values indicate that sirimbache is a nutraceutical food of great interest. Therefore, the expansion of sirimbache to health conscious markets may be feasible. Such expansion is of great importance for rural agribusiness, as it could promote the development of new agroindustrial projects in the province of Celendin and other Andean areas of Peru

The Quality of Life at Work and its Influence on Business Results

El presente artículo persigue dos objetivos, en primer lugar, realizar una revisión crítica sobre la calidad de vida laboral, bajo el marco de la responsabilidad social corporativa, y además analizar su relación e influencia sobre los resultados empresariales. En segundo lugar, se pretende contrastar los planteamientos anteriores para aportar evidencia empírica al respecto, a partir de una muestra de panel completo de observaciones. El contraste se realiza sobre las sociedades anónimas abiertas chilenas para lo cual se utilizan dos bases de datos: La base de datos de la Asociación Chilena de Seguridad y la Ficha Estadística Codificada Uniforme de Sociedades Anónimas, para el periodo 2003-2006. Aplicando técnicas de paneles de datos, los resultados del estudio muestran que existe una relación positiva y significativa entre la calidad de vida laboral y los resultados empresariales, y además que la calidad de vida laboral influye positivamente en los resultados empresariales que alcanzan las sociedades.This article has two objectives: first, to perform a critical review about the quality of life at work in the framework of corporate social responsibility and also analyze its relationship and influence on business results; second, to contrast the above proposals to provide empirical evidence on the matter, based on a sample from a complete panel of observations. The contrast will be made using Chilean companies and two databases: the database of the Chilean Safety Association and the Uniform Codified Statistics for Corporations for the period 2003-2006. Applying data panel techniques, findings show a significant positive relationship between the quality of life at work and business performance, and also that the quality of life at work has a positive impact on business results achieved by corporations.Depto. de Organización de EmpresasFac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEpu

Factores que impactan los resultados empresariales: un estudio comparativo entre empresas chilenas y españolas

Los resultados empresariales representan un tema que sigue concentrando el interés de los investigadores y que aún no está resuelto. Es por ello que el presente estudio persigue dos objetivos: en primer lugar, realizar una revisión bibliográfica de los factores que impactan sobre los resultados empresariales; en segundo lugar, contrastar los planteamientos anteriores para aportar evidencia empírica al respecto, a través de un análisis comparativo entre dos países. Metodológicamente se realiza un contraste sobre paneles completos de empresas industriales chilenas y españolas, utilizando dos bases de datos: (i) la Encuesta Nacional Industrial Anual (ENIA) y (ii) la base de datos de la Encuesta Sobre Estrategias Empresariales (ESEE), respectivamente, para el periodo 2000-2007. Utilizando análisis de componentes de varianza se identifican los factores que explican más del 90% de los resultados empresariales y, empleando técnicas para datos de panel, se descubre que estos factores también influyen en los resultados obtenidos. De este modo, el presente artículo avanza en la discusión del tema, a través de su aplicación a empresas de un país en vías de desarrollo como Chile, además de analizar un aspecto descuidado en la literatura como es el estudio de la influencia de los factores, sin concentrarse únicamente en el análisis del porcentaje de explicación de los factores identificados sobre los resultados empresariales; de igual manera, este trabajo actualiza el periodo tradicionalmente investigado e incorpora un factor relevante pero menos analizado en este tipo de estudios, como es la localización geográfica, factor que contribuye a expli-car significativamente el modelo propuesto. Dentro de las repercusiones que implican el estudio, es evidente que sus resultados permitirán a los directivos y dueños de empresas comprender los elementos que influyen en los resultados organizacionales, los cuales son la base de su existencia y supervivencia en el futuro

La espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano (NIRS) en el seguimiento de la madurez del cultivo de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.)

Objective: To determine the viability of the near infrared spectroscopy methodology to estimate the maturity of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Design/methodology/approximation: The management of the parameters to evaluate the maturity were the total soluble solids (ºBrix) and Pol (%). This work was carried out at the Obispo Colombres Agroindustrial Experimental Station in Tucumán, Argentina, where 1265 juice samples were collected from sugar cane in the laboratory, where the total soluble solids (ºBrix) and Pol (%) were examined with the usual methods and to obtain the spectra of the juice samples, the near infrared spectrophotometer FOSS NIR Systems model 6500 for liquids was used. And the prediction model for ºBrix and Pol (%) in juices, was generated from the mathematical treatment SNV and Detrend and arrangements 1,4,4,1 and 2,4,4,1 (derived, GAP and smoothed, respectively). Results: The prediction models generated for ºBrix and Pol (%) have standard calibration error values ??(SEC) of 0.126 and 0.296; standard prediction error (SEP) of 0.181 and 0.327; and calibration correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.997 and 0.991, respectively. Limitations/implications: The study was carried out at the Obispo Colombres Agroindustrial Experimental Station in Tucumán, Argentina, for reasons of logistics between Public and Private Institutions in Mexico. Findings/Conclusions: These results indicate that the models developed for ºBrix and Pol (%) can be used as a cheaper alternative to conventional procedures in the determination of maturity since it improves the speed in the determinations, does not use chemical reagents and requires less workforce.Objetivo: Fue determinar la viabilidad de la metodología de espectroscopía del infrarrojo cercano para estimar la madurez de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.). Diseño/metodología/aproximación: El manejado de los parámetros para evaluar la madurez fueron los sólidos solubles totales (ºBrix) y Pol (%). Este trabajo se realizó en la Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres en Tucumán, Argentina, donde se colectaron 1265 muestras de jugos de caña de azúcar en laboratorio, donde se examinaron los sólidos solubles totales (ºBrix) y Pol (%) con los métodos habituales y para la obtención de los espectros de las muestras de jugo se utilizó el espectrofotómetro de infrarrojo cercano FOSS NIR Systems modelo 6500 para líquidos. Y el modelo de predicción para ºBrix y Pol (%) en jugos, se generó a partir del tratamiento matemático SNV y Detrend y arreglos 1,4,4,1 y 2,4,4,1 (derivada, GAP y suavizados, respectivamente). Resultados: Los modelos de predicción generados para ºBrix y Pol (%), tienen valores de error estándar de calibración (SEC) de 0.126 y 0.296; error estándar de predicción (SEP) de 0.181 y 0.327; y coeficiente de correlación de la calibración (R2) de 0.997 y 0.991, respectivamente. Limitaciones/implicaciones: El estudio se realizó en la Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres en Tucumán, Argentina, por motivos de logística entre Instituciones Públicas y Privadas en México. Hallazgos/Conclusiones: Estos resultados indican que los modelos desarrollados para ºBrix y Pol (%) se pueden utilizar como una alternativa más económica a los procedimientos convencionales en la determinación de la madurez ya que mejora la velocidad en las determinaciones, no emplea reactivos químicos y requiere de menor mano de obra

The fast declining Type Ia supernova 2003gs, and evidence for a significant dispersion in near-infrared absolute magnitudes of fast decliners at maximum light

We obtained optical photometry of SN 2003gs on 49 nights, from 2 to 494 days after T(B_max). We also obtained near-IR photometry on 21 nights. SN 2003gs was the first fast declining Type Ia SN that has been well observed since SN 1999by. While it was subluminous in optical bands compared to more slowly declining Type Ia SNe, it was not subluminous at maximum light in the near-IR bands. There appears to be a bimodal distribution in the near-IR absolute magnitudes of Type Ia SNe at maximum light. Those that peak in the near-IR after T(B_max) are subluminous in the all bands. Those that peak in the near-IR prior to T(B_max), such as SN 2003gs, have effectively the same near-IR absolute magnitudes at maximum light regardless of the decline rate Delta m_15(B). Near-IR spectral evidence suggests that opacities in the outer layers of SN 2003gs are reduced much earlier than for normal Type Ia SNe. That may allow gamma rays that power the luminosity to escape more rapidly and accelerate the decline rate. This conclusion is consistent with the photometric behavior of SN 2003gs in the IR, which indicates a faster than normal decline from approximately normal peak brightness.Comment: 41 pages, 13 figures, to be published in the December, 2009, issue of the Astronomical Journa

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London