Typologie de jeunes québécois ayant interrompu leurs études du point de vue de leur insertion professionnelle

L'objectif de cet article est d’analyser le processus d’insertion professionnelle de jeunes québécois ayant interrompu leurs études secondaires ou collégiales, cinq ans après leur sortie du système éducatif. Dans le contexte économique actuel, ces jeunes risquent d'être marginalisés dans le marché du travail. Nos perspectives théoriques s'appuient sur les postulats selon lesquels ces jeunes ne forment pas un groupe homogène, et sont des acteurs de leur insertion en dépit des multiples déterminants de leur réussite scolaire et des contraintes auxquelles ils ont à faire face dans le marché de l'emploi. Notre conception de l'insertion renvoie à la capacité de ces derniers de s’y stabiliser, de subvenir à leurs besoins, de maintenir leur autonomie et de former des projets de vie réalisables. Une analyse qualitative et rétrospective a été conduite à partir d’entrevues semi-structurées de 99 jeunes. Quatre types ont été construits à partir des données: (a) des jeunes stabilisés dans le marché du travail depuis deux ans, capables de subvenir à leurs besoins, de maintenir leur autonomie et de former des projets de vie réalisables, (b) des jeunes qui sont en voie d'y parvenir, (c) des jeunes qui sont en situation précaire et (d) des jeunes qui sont en marge du marché du travail. Les jeunes des écoles secondaires ont été comparés à ceux des collèges de même que ceux de la formation générale ou préuniversitaire à ceux de la formation professionnelle et technique, et les garçons et les filles.The objective of the article is to analyse the process of vocational integration of high school and college leavers of Quebec five years after they left the school system. In the present economic context, these young people risk to be relegated on the fringe of the job market. Our theoretical perspective is based on the assumptions that they do not form an homogeneous group and are actors in their integration despite the multiple factors shaping their school success and the constraints they have to face in the labour market. Our conception of the vocational integration refers to their capacity to achieve stability in the labour market, to maintain their autonomy and to form realizable life projects. A qualitative retrospective analysis has been conducted from semi-structured interviews of 99 young people. Four types have been constructed from the data: (a) young people who have achieved stability in the labour market since two years, are able to provide for their needs and to form realizable life projects (b) young people who are still in process of attaining this objective, (c) young people who are in a precarious situation and (d) young people who are on the fringe of the labour market. High school leavers were compared to college leavers, as well as those of the general education or pre-university tracks to the vocational or technical one, and male and female

Excess mortality associated with eating disorders : a population-based cohort study.

Background Individuals with eating disorders (EDs) have a high mortality risk. Few population-based studies have estimated mortality risk in EDs other than anorexia nervosa. Aims To investigate all-cause mortality within a population-based cohort of individuals who received hospital-based care for any ED (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or ED not otherwise specified) in Ontario, Canada. Methods We conducted a retrospective-cohort study of 19,041 individuals with an ED from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2013 using administrative healthcare data. The outcome of interest was death. Excess mortality was assessed using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and potential years of life lost (PYLL). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine socio-demographic and medical comorbidities associated with greater mortality risk. Results The ED cohort had 17,108 females (89.9%) and 1,933 males (10.1%). The all-cause mortality for the entire ED cohort was five times higher than expected compared to the Ontario population (SMR = 5.06; 95% CI:4.82-5.30). SMRs were higher for males (SMR=7.24; 95% CI: 6.58- 7.96) relative to females (SMR=4.59; 95% CI: 4.34-4.85), overall and in all age groups in the cohort. For both sexes, the ED cohort PYLL was more than 6 times higher than the expected PYLL in the Ontario population. Conclusions and Relevance Patients with EDs experience five to seven times higher mortality rates compared to the overall population. There is an urgent need to understand the mortality risk factors to improve health outcomes among individuals with eating disorders

RIG-I Is Required for the Inhibition of Measles Virus by Retinoids

Vitamin A can significantly decrease measles-associated morbidity and mortality. Vitamin A can inhibit the replication of measles virus (MeV) in vitro through an RARα- and type I interferon (IFN)-dependent mechanism. Retinoid-induced gene I (RIG-I) expression is induced by retinoids, activated by MeV RNA and is important for IFN signaling. We hypothesized that RIG-I is central to retinoid-mediated inhibition of MeV in vitro. We demonstrate that RIG-I expression is increased in cells treated with retinoids and infected with MeV. The central role of RIG-I in the retinoid-anti-MeV effect was demonstrated in the Huh-7/7.5 model; the latter cells having non-functional RIG-I. RAR-dependent retinoid signaling was required for the induction of RIG-I by retinoids and MeV. Retinoid signaling was also found to act in combination with IFN to induce high levels of RIG-I expression. RIG-I promoter activation required both retinoids and MeV, as indicated by markers of active chromatin. IRF-1 is known to be regulated by retinoids and MeV, but we found recruitment of IRF-1 to the RIG-I promoter by retinoids alone. Using luciferase expression constructs, we further demonstrated that the IRF-1 response element of RIG-I was required for RIG-I activation by retinoids or IFN. These results reveal that retinoid treatment and MeV infection induces significant RIG-I. RIG-I is required for the retinoid-MeV antiviral response. The induction is dependent on IFN, retinoids and IRF-1

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements