String shoving effects on jets in p-p collisions

Di-jet observables are excellent probes to study the effect of jets in dense systems. Interacting Lund strings will affect jet observables and suggests a new common mechanism responsible for jet modification in p-A and A-A. In this proceeding, we present our new implementation of the string shoving mechanism in PYTHIA8 which lets us study the effects on jet observables in p-p and nuclear collisions. We also present preliminary results showing the effects in hadron-jet correlation studies.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, Prepared for publication in the proceedings for 10th International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions, 1-5th June 2020, Austin, Texa

Investigation of Quark Gluon Plasma-like signals with Lund string interactions

This thesis investigates the interactions that occur in extreme densities for high-energy collisions of subatomic particles. The theoretical models developed for this purpose are based on the Lund model. The developments have been implemented as a new module called Gleipnir to the Monte-Carlo event generator, P YTHIA . The two models developed are string shoving and rope hadronization, and can now be used for proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions.Paper I presents a novel method to calculate string shoving in all systems. The strings are considered as colour flux-tubes, with colour electric fields with transverse extent. The force between two colour flux tubes is calculated in a special Lorentz frame called the parallel frame. Final state collectivity reproduced by string shoving is investigated in both small and large systems. We conclude that further modifications to string shoving are required to be able to produce a better agreement with experimental data for large systems.Paper II presents the rope hadronization mechanism using the parallel frame. Rope hadronization would modify the strangeness yields, and this effect can be observed in jets as well. The system of interest is jet-triggered proton-proton collisions, where we probe the yields of strange hadrons and baryons in a jet. We find significant enhance-ment of strangeness, particularly strange baryons in the jet.Paper III shows the enhancement in strangeness yields with rope hadronization in all systems, using the tech-niques introduced in Paper I and Paper II. The formalism produces significant improvements over default Pythia and Angantyr. To be able to reproduce a better agreement to data, further modifications are necessary, such as the inclusion of string shoving mechanism.Paper IV describes the correction to production vertices of primary hadrons from string interactions for both small and large systems. The impact from string shoving is found to be higher than compared to rope hadronization. This would influence other P YTHIA processes that build on primary hadronic vertices such as hadronic rescattering

Setting the string shoving picture in a new frame

Based on the recent success of the \angantyr model in describing multiplicity distributions of the hadronic final state in high energy heavy ion collisions, we investigate how far one can go with a such a string-based scenario to describe also flow effects measured in such collisions. For this purpose we improve our previous so-called \textit{shoving} model, where strings that are close in space--time tend to repel each other in a way that could generate anisotropic flow, and we find that this model can indeed generate such flows in \AA\ collisions. The flow generated is not quite enough to reproduce measurements, but we identify some short-comings in the presented implementation of the model that, when fixed, could plausibly give a more realistic amount of flow.Comment: 42 pages, 34 figures, submission to JHE

Prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> regulates tumor angiogenesis in prostate cancer

In cancer management, the cyclooxygenase (COX)-targeted approach has shown great promise in anticancer therapeutics. However, the use of COX-2 inhibitors has side effects and health hazards; thus, targeting its major metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-mediated signaling pathway might be a rational approach for the next generation of cancer management. Recent studies on several in vitro and in vivo models have revealed that elevated expression of COX-2 correlates with prostate tumor growth and angiogenesis. In this study, we have shown the in-depth molecular mechanism and the PGE2 activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and &#946;3 integrin through E prostanoid 2 (EP2)-mediated and EP4-mediated pathways, which lead to activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation. Moreover, PGE2 also induces activating transcription factor-4 (ATF-4) activation and stimulates cross-talk between ATF-4 and AP-1, which is unidirectional toward AP-1, which leads to the increased expressions of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and vascular endothelial growth factor and, eventually, regulates prostate tumor cell motility. In vivo Matrigel angiogenesis assay data revealed that PGE2 induces angiogenesis through EP2 and EP4. Human prostate cancer specimen analysis also supported our in vitro and in vivo studies. Our data suggest that targeting PGE2 signaling pathway (i.e., blocking EP2 and EP4 receptors) might be a rational therapeutic approach for overcoming the side effects of COX-2 inhibitors and that this might be a novel strategy for the next generation of prostate cancer management

Selective inhibition of miR-21 by phage display screened peptide

miRNAs are nodal regulators of gene expression and deregulation of miRNAs is causally associated with different diseases, including cancer. Modulation of miRNA expression is thus of therapeutic importance. Small molecules are currently being explored for their potential to downregulate miRNAs. Peptides have shown to have better potency and selectivity toward their targets but their potential in targeting and modulating miRNAs remain unexplored. Herein, using phage display we found a very selective peptide against pre-miR-21. Interestingly, the peptide has the potential to downregulate miR-21, by binding to pre-miR-21 and hindering Dicer processing. It is selective towards miR-21 inside the cell. By antagonising miR-21 function, the peptide is able to increase the expression of its target proteins and thereby increase apoptosis and suppress cell proliferation, invasion and migration. This peptide can further be explored for its anti-cancer activity in vivo and may be even extended to clinical studies

FHEDA: Efficient Circuit Synthesis with Reduced Bootstrapping for Torus FHE

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a widely used cryptographic primitive for performing arbitrary computations on encrypted data. However, FHE incorporates a computationally intensive mechanism known as bootstrapping , that resets the noise in the ciphertext to a lower level allowing the computation on circuits of arbitrary depth. This process can take significant time, ranging from several minutes to hours. To address the above issue, in this work, we propose an Electronic Design Automation (EDA) framework FHEDA that generates efficient Boolean representations of circuits compatible with the Torus-FHE (ASIACRYPT 2020) scheme. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in the EDA domain of FHE. We integrate logic synthesis tricks and gate optimization techniques into our FHEDA framework for reducing the total number of bootstrapping operations in a Boolean circuit, which leads to a significant (up to 50%) reduction in homomorphic computation time. Our FHEDA is built upon the observation that in Torus-FHE at most one Boolean gate over fresh encryptions does not require bootstrapping. By integrating this observation with logic replacement techniques into FHEDA, we could reduce the total number of bootstrapping operations along with the circuit depth. This eventually reduces the homomorphic evaluation time of Boolean circuits. In order to verify the efficacy of our approach, we assess the performance of the proposed EDA flow on a diverse set of representative benchmarks including privacy-preserving machine learning and different symmetric key block ciphers

Novel Insights into the Antimicrobial Resistance and Strategies to Curb the Menace

Antibiotics are an essential part of modern healthcare, revolutionizing medicine and saving countless lives worldwide. However, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing concern, with the potential to cause a public health crisis in the future. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the microbial and anthropogenic factors contributing to AMR, as well as the consequences of inaction to address the AMR crisis. We searched various international databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar using “Antimicrobial Resistance”,” Superbug”, “Antibiotic Stewardship”, “One Health’ and “Surveillance” as search keywords in different combinations. We have thoroughly discussed the causes of AMR, such as the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, and the development of resistant strains of bacteria. We have also suggested possible interventions to combat AMR, such as the one health approach, antibiotic stewardship protocols, and the application of artificial intelligence in drug design. Additionally, we have explored the benefits of traditional ethnic medicinal practices in therapy. In conclusion, this review article emphasized the urgent need for a comprehensive and strategic plan to address the issue of AMR. Further in-depth research and novel approaches can mitigate the growing menace of AMR and safeguard both human and animal populations

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements