Crustal Characteristics in the Subduction Zone of Mexico: Implication of the Tectonostratigraphic Terranes on Slab Tearing

During the past years, significant work has been done for studying the crustal anisotropy and state of stress of the Mexican subduction zone. At the same time, there is new evidence of the geometry of the subducted slab proposing subduction tearing. Here, we present a study of the Earth crust using three different methods: azimuthal anisotropy based on ambient noise, shear‐wave splitting of tectonic tremors, and moment tensor inversions of the earthquakes of 7 September 2017 M_w 8.2 Tehuantepec, Mexico. This earthquake initiated a seismic sequence that triggered shallow seismicity and aftershocks. The shallow earthquakes fall into a region where there were few published focal mechanism higher than M_w 4.5. Two slab tearings: in the Michoacán–Guerrero border and in central Oaxaca, best represent the slab geometry of the Mexican subduction zone. At the Michoacán–Guerrero, the subducted slab is subhorizontal, whereas in central Oaxaca the plate is characterized by northeast vergence. We interpret that the mantle’s flow in this part of the subducted slab produces multiple alignments in the crust and differentiates the tectonostratigraphic terranes of the southern region of Mexico

Crustal Characteristics in the Subduction Zone of Mexico: Implication of the Tectonostratigraphic Terranes on Slab Tearing

During the past years, significant work has been done for studying the crustal anisotropy and state of stress of the Mexican subduction zone. At the same time, there is new evidence of the geometry of the subducted slab proposing subduction tearing. Here, we present a study of the Earth crust using three different methods: azimuthal anisotropy based on ambient noise, shear‐wave splitting of tectonic tremors, and moment tensor inversions of the earthquakes of 7 September 2017 M_w 8.2 Tehuantepec, Mexico. This earthquake initiated a seismic sequence that triggered shallow seismicity and aftershocks. The shallow earthquakes fall into a region where there were few published focal mechanism higher than M_w 4.5. Two slab tearings: in the Michoacán–Guerrero border and in central Oaxaca, best represent the slab geometry of the Mexican subduction zone. At the Michoacán–Guerrero, the subducted slab is subhorizontal, whereas in central Oaxaca the plate is characterized by northeast vergence. We interpret that the mantle’s flow in this part of the subducted slab produces multiple alignments in the crust and differentiates the tectonostratigraphic terranes of the southern region of Mexico

Horizontal gene transfer and diverse functional constrains within a common replication-partitioning system in Alphaproteobacteria: the repABC operon

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The <it>repABC </it>plasmid family, which is extensively present within <it>Alphaproteobacteria</it>, and some secondary chromosomes of the <it>Rhizobiales </it>have the particular feature that all the elements involved in replication and partitioning reside within one transcriptional unit, the <it>repABC </it>operon. Given the functional interactions among the elements of the <it>repABC </it>operon, and the fact that they all reside in the same operon, a common evolutionary history would be expected if the entire operon had been horizontally transferred. Here, we tested whether there is a common evolutionary history within the <it>repABC </it>operon. We further examined different incompatibility groups in terms of their differentiation and degree of adaptation to their host.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We did not find a single evolutionary history within the <it>repABC </it>operon. Each protein had a particular phylogeny, horizontal gene transfer events of the individual genes within the operon were detected, and different functional constraints were found within and between the Rep proteins. When different <it>repABC </it>operons coexisted in the same genome, they were well differentiated from one another. Finally, we found different levels of adaptation to the host genome within and between <it>repABC </it>operons coexisting in the same species.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Horizontal gene transfer with conservation of the <it>repABC </it>operon structure provides a highly dynamic operon in which each member of this operon has its own evolutionary dynamics. In addition, it seems that different incompatibility groups present in the same species have different degrees of adaptation to their host genomes, in proportion to the amount of time the incompatibility group has coexisted with the host genome.</p

Right of families to participate in the school context : analysis from the chilean and spanish constitutions.

Está comprobado que la participación colaborativa de las familias en el contexto escolar permite soluciones más eficientes y duraderas a problemas sociales como la deserción escolar o las vulneraciones de derechos; hecho que favorece el desarrollo integral de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. El objetivo del artículo es contrastar la regulación del derecho de las familias a participar en el contexto escolar consagrada en las constituciones chilena y española, a través del método de la dogmática jurídica, por medio de la cual se realizó un análisis comparado entre el inciso final del Artículo 19 Nº 10 de la Constitución chilena y los Artículos 27.5 y 27.7 de la Constitución española. Como principal resultado se halló que el deber contributivo de la comunidad al desarrollo de la educación conlleva implícitamente el derecho de participación de las familias en el contexto escolar. También se encontró que la Constitución chilena, a diferencia de la española, no contempla normas que garanticen explícitamente este derecho; de modo que el derecho/deber de educar a los hijos e hijas queda trunco al no asegurar su participación más allá de escoger el tipo de establecimiento educacional.It has been proven that collaborative participation of families in the school context allows for more efficient and lasting solutions to social problems such as dropping out of schools or rights violations which favors the comprehensive development of children and adolescents. The objective of this article is to contrast the regulation of the right of families to participate in the school context in Chilean and Spanish Constitutions using the method of legal dogmatic through which a comparative analysis between the final clause of Article 19 Nº 10 of the Chilean Constitution and Articles 27.5 and 27.7 of the Spanish Constitution was carried out. As a main result, it was found that the contributory duty of the community to the development and improvement of education, implicitly entails the right to participation of families in the school context. It was also found the Chilean Constitution, unlike the Spanish Constitution, does not include norms that explicitly guarantee this right so that the right/duty of parents to educate the children is truncated by not ensuring their participation beyond being able to choose the type of educational establishment

Efecto de la capacidad visoespacial en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de anatomía médica

Visuospatial ability is associated with clinical skills in medical education, as it predicts the academic performance of anatomy students. Objective: To determine whether visuospatial processing generates changes in the teaching of medical anatomy and predicts academic performance in that subject. Methods: 140 students were evaluated at the beginning of the semester and before final exams with the Rey Complex Figure Test (CRFT).&nbsp; Student's t-tests were performed to contrast pre- and post-test differences, Cohen's d to measure effect size, and linear regression to evaluate prediction with final grades. Results: Mean age 20.22 years (SD=1.12), mean grade point average 4.96 (SD=1.20). Seventy percent of the students passed the course. The t-test reports significant differences of TFCR (Memory recall: t=-17.383; p&lt;0.001; Delayed recall: t=-16.547, p&lt;0.001) with a medium effect size (d=0.59 and d=0.56), respectively. The scores obtained in the post-test on the TFCR deferred recall task explained up to 90% of the students' academic performance. Conclusions: The instrument's deferred memory predicted academic performance and anatomy learning improved students' visuospatial function performance.La capacidad visoespacial se asocia con habilidades clínicas en la educación médica, ya que predice el desempeño académico de los estudiantes de anatomía. Objetivo: Determinar si el procesamiento visoespacial genera cambios en la enseñanza de la anatomía médica y predice el desempeño académico en esa asignatura. Método: 140 estudiantes evaluados al inicio de semestre y antes de exámenes finales con el Test de la Figura Compleja de Rey.  Se realizaron análisis t de Student para contrastar las diferencias pre y pos-test, d de Cohen para medir el tamaño de efecto y regresión lineal para evaluar la predicción con las notas finales. Resultados: Edad promedio 20.22 años (DE=1.12), media de calificaciones 4.96 (DE=1.20). El 70% de los estudiantes aprobó la asignatura. La prueba t reporta diferencias significativas del TFCR (Evocación de Memoria: t=-17.383; p&lt;0.001; Evocación diferida: t=-16.547, p&lt;0.001) con un tamaño del efecto mediano (d=0.59 y d=0.56), respectivamente. Las puntuaciones obtenidas en el post-test en la tarea de memoria diferida del TFCR, explicaron hasta en un 90% el desempeño académico de los estudiantes. Conclusiones: La memoria diferida del instrumento predijo el rendimiento académico y el aprendizaje de anatomía mejoró el desempeño en la función visoespacial de los estudiantes

ADGRL3 (LPHN3) variants predict substance use disorder

Genetic factors are strongly implicated in the susceptibility to develop externalizing syndromes such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and substance use disorder (SUD). Variants in the ADGRL3 (LPHN3) gene predispose to ADHD and predict ADHD severity, disruptive behaviors comorbidity, long-term outcome, and response to treatment. In this study, we investigated whether variants within ADGRL3 are associated with SUD, a disorder that is frequently co-morbid with ADHD. Using family-based, case-control, and longitudinal samples from disparate regions of the world (n = 2698), recruited either for clinical, genetic epidemiological or pharmacogenomic studies of ADHD, we assembled recursive-partitioning frameworks (classification tree analyses) with clinical, demographic, and ADGRL3 genetic information to predict SUD susceptibility. Our results indicate that SUD can be efficiently and robustly predicted in ADHD participants. The genetic models used remained highly efficient in predicting SUD in a large sample of individuals with severe SUD from a psychiatric institution that were not ascertained on the basis of ADHD diagnosis, thus identifying ADGRL3 as a risk gene for SUD. Recursive-partitioning analyses revealed that rs4860437 was the predominant predictive variant. This new methodological approach offers novel insights into higher order predictive interactions and offers a unique opportunity for translational application in the clinical assessment of patients at high risk for SUD

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Multiple Sclerosis

To understand COVID-19 characteristics in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and identify high-risk individuals due to their immunocompromised state resulting from the use of disease-modifying treatments. Retrospective and multicenter registry in patients with MS with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and available disease course (mild = ambulatory; severe = hospitalization; and critical = intensive care unit/death). Cases were analyzed for associations between MS characteristics and COVID-19 course and for identifying risk factors for a fatal outcome. Of the 326 patients analyzed, 120 were cases confirmed by real-time PCR, 34 by a serologic test, and 205 were suspected. Sixty-nine patients (21.3%) developed severe infection, 10 (3%) critical, and 7 (2.1%) died. Ambulatory patients were higher in relapsing MS forms, treated with injectables and oral first-line agents, whereas more severe cases were observed in patients on pulsed immunosuppressors and critical cases among patients with no therapy. Severe and critical infections were more likely to affect older males with comorbidities, with progressive MS forms, a longer disease course, and higher disability. Fifteen of 33 patients treated with rituximab were hospitalized. Four deceased patients have progressive MS, 5 were not receiving MS therapy, and 2 were treated (natalizumab and rituximab). Multivariate analysis showed age (OR 1.09, 95% CI, 1.04-1.17) as the only independent risk factor for a fatal outcome. This study has not demonstrated the presumed critical role of MS therapy in the course of COVID-19 but evidenced that people with MS with advanced age and disease, in progressive course, and those who are more disabled have a higher probability of severe and even fatal diseas

Experiencias de innovación educativa - Tomo 5

El laboratorio de Experiencias de Aprendizaje Inmersivo para Educación Virtual del Politécnico Grancolombiano presenta este libro que consolida once nuevos proyectos trabajados durante el año 2021. Para este año se implementan once proyectos nuevos que se presentan en este libro, de los cuales cinco son laboratorios virtuales, uno es un laboratorio de realidades hibridas que se transforma en una apuesta institucional al ser único para el área de aerolíneas, buscando fortalecer el programa virtual de Psicología se realizaron cuatro simuladores y una serie de juegos serios para la salud laboral, otro juego serio sobre la teoría de juegos y por último un simulador para la gestión de inventarios

Investigación en Matemáticas, Economía, Ciencias Sociales y Agronomía

Cada trabajo del libro incluye conclusiones para los interesados en las temáticas aludidas y en ellos nos enteramos de aspectos como los siguientes: - El mayor incremento del precio de los insumos como el maíz, sorgo y en menor medida desperdicio de pan, en relación con el menor crecimiento del precio del ganado en pie, dará como consecuencia un desabasto de carne bovina. - El agua es un recurso primordial en las zonas áridas y semiáridas de México, en tanto que su aporte limita la producción de la agricultura. En este estudio se observó que el precio real del agua es muy bajo en relación a otras zonas agrícolas del mundo. - Hoy en día en el país se consumen alrededor de 718 mil barriles diarios de gasolinas, un aproximado de 113.7 millones de litros, una cantidad tan grande que nuestro país se ve en la necesidad de importar cerca del 39 % de las gasolinas que consumimos. - Los jaliscienses radicados en Estados Unidos tienen una mayor capacidad de financiamiento del bienestar en la entidad, que el propio gobierno de ese estado. - México continuará basando sus finanzas públicas y su política de desarrollo económico en la extracción de combustibles fósiles (petróleo). Este modelo acelerará el deterioro y agotamiento de los recursos naturales. -La importancia de la agricultura orgánica radica en que retoma los tres ámbitos de la sustentabilidad; el ámbito ambiental, el económico y el social. - Es fundamental motivar la organización de los productores de haba para que ellos puedan captar una mayor proporción de los altos márgenes de precios que los consumidores están dispuestos a pagar. - Las condiciones del clima afectan a la producción agraria. Debido al fenómeno de cambio climático, es necesario contar con herramientas informáticas que proporcionen información climatológica para poder tomar medidas preventivas a favor de una mayor cantidad y calidad de producción. La herramienta de software permite la consulta del clima por localidades evitando la necesidad de contar con una estación meteorológica

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe